Agricultural Emergency Relief Act of 2025

This bill creates a USDA program that pays farmers and other producers who lose crops because of disasters. Payments are available each crop year to those with a “qualified loss,” based on an application that shows what was lost . If approved, USDA calculates the payment using data it already has (like prior insurance information) or, if you didn’t have insurance, by looking at your revenue in a normal year versus the disaster year. There’s a special rule for wine grape growers who use most of their grapes to make wine at their own facility; their payment is based on the market price of grapes at the time of calculation. To get a payment, you must buy Federal Crop Insurance (or Noninsured Crop Disaster Assistance Program coverage if insurance isn’t available) for the next two crop years.

Payments have limits. If less than 75% of your average adjusted gross income comes from farming, you can get up to $125,000 for specialty/high‑value crops and $125,000 for other crops. If 75% or more of your income is from farming, the caps are $900,000 for specialty/high‑value crops and $250,000 for other crops. Total aid can cover up to 90% of your losses if you had insurance or NAP, or up to 70% if you didn’t carry insurance or missed required NAP paperwork or fees. USDA must run both the insurance-based and revenue-based options at the same time. Funding is authorized as needed for 2025–2030, with up to 1% for administration.

Key points

• Who is affected: Farmers and other producers with crop losses from disasters; includes specialty and high‑value crops and wine grape producers who process most grapes themselves.
• What changes: New yearly payments for qualified losses; must buy crop insurance (or NAP) for the next two years; payment amounts and caps depend on your farming income share and whether you had coverage .
• When: Payments apply each crop year; funding runs through fiscal years 2025–2030.