Disaster Response Flexibility Act of 2025

This bill would let a state hit by a major disaster choose a single block grant from FEMA for public assistance, instead of applying for many separate projects. FEMA would work with the state to estimate the total eligible costs and then subtract the non‑Federal share the state would normally pay. A state could apply for this grant, ask for one adjustment if the amount turns out too low, and then manage the funds itself. If a state chooses the block grant, it cannot also get direct public assistance for that same disaster. Any leftover money can go to preparedness or mitigation activities. “Public assistance” here does not include help to individuals and households.

States must file an initial recovery plan within 120 days, annual updates until funds are spent, and a final report within 180 days after spending all funds. FEMA must send Congress an annual report on how the program is working, including which states joined, timelines, challenges, and recommendations.

• Who is affected: State governments after a major disaster; FEMA.
• What changes: Option to take a block grant; FEMA estimates costs with the state and deducts the non‑Federal share; no double‑dipping with other public assistance for that disaster; one possible adjustment to the grant; leftover funds may be used for preparedness/mitigation; required state and FEMA reports.
• When it applies: After a President declares a major disaster; specific reporting deadlines include 120 days for the initial plan, yearly updates, and a final report 180 days after funds are fully used. FEMA must also report to Congress within 12 months of enactment and yearly after.