Economic Espionage Prevention Act · Referred in Senate (2025-05-06)

SEC. 2. Findings

Congress finds the following:

On March 14, 2024, the Department of State notified Congress of the following:
- People’s Republic of China exports of semiconductors to Russia have increased substantially since Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine.
- In the second half of 2023, China exported between $25,000,000 and $50,000,000 in additional semiconductors to Russia every month relative to pre-invasion levels.
- During the same period, China also exported between $50,000,000 and $100,000,000 in additional exports to Russia every month to known transshipment hubs.
- These exports include both Chinese and United States-branded semiconductors (integrated circuits), according to analysis of commercially available trade data by the Bureau of Industry and Security of the Department of Commerce, and are almost certainly supporting Russia’s military capabilities based on Ukrainian analysis of recovered Russian weapons.
- Because of the prevalence of United States manufacturing equipment in global semiconductor supply chains, nearly all chips produced worldwide, including in the People’s Republic of China, are subject to United States export controls if destined for Russia or Belarus.
- All advanced semiconductors described on the Commerce Control List have been subject to a license requirement if destined to an entity in Russia since its further invasion of Ukraine.
On April 3, 2024, Deputy Secretary of State, Kurt Campbell, said . I think we have assessed, over the course of the last couple of months that Russia has almost completely reconstituted militarily. And after the initial setbacks on the battlefield delivered to them by a brave and hearty group in Ukraine, with the support of China in particular, dual use capabilities and a variety of other efforts, industrial and commercial, Russia has retooled and now poses a threat to Ukraine . . . But not just to Ukraine, its new found capabilities pose a longer term challenge to stability in Europe and threatens NATO allies.

SEC. 3. Report

(a) In general

Not later than 90 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of State, in coordination with the heads of relevant Federal departments and agencies, as appropriate, shall submit to the appropriate congressional committees, a written report that contains the following:
- An analysis and description of the extent to which any foreign person who is a citizen of the People’s Republic of China or an entity organized under the laws of the People’s Republic of China, or any foreign person or entity controlled by or operating at the direction of the Government of the People’s Republic of China—
  - is knowingly a material source of critical components necessary for the manufacture of weapons, vehicles, and other military equipment by the defense industrial base of the Russian Federation;
  - has knowingly delivered critical components to or entered into any agreement relating to the sale or delivery of critical components with any entity operating in the defense or intelligence sectors of the Government of the Russian Federation;
  - has knowingly delivered critical components to or entered into any agreement relating to the sale or delivery of critical components with any country or entity with which the defense or intelligence sectors of the Government of Russian Federation are cooperating in support of Russia’s war against Ukraine; or
  - has knowingly delivered critical components to or entered into any agreement relating to the sale or delivery of critical components with a foreign person that knowingly and directly provides these components to the defense or intelligence sectors of the Government of the Russian Federation.
- The extent to which—
  - any foreign person that is a citizen of the People’s Republic of China or an entity organized under the laws of the People’s Republic of China has knowingly engaged, on or after the date of the enactment of this Act, in transactions with a person that is part of, or operates on behalf of, the defense or intelligence sectors of the Government of the Russian Federation;
  - any foreign person identified pursuant to subparagraph (A) has engaged in transactions which would constitute a significant transaction with persons that have been sanctioned for being part of, or operating on behalf of, the defense or intelligence sectors of the Government of the Russian Federation; or
  - any foreign person identified pursuant to subparagraph (A) has been subjected to sanctions imposed pursuant to sections 231 and 235 of the Countering America’s Adversaries Through Sanctions Act (22 U.S.C. 9525 and 9529).

(b) Form and availability

(1) Form
- The report required by subsection (a) shall be submitted in unclassified form, but may include a classified annex.
(2) Availability
- The unclassified portion of the report required by subsection (a) may also be made available to the public.

SEC. 4. Imposition of sanctions with respect to economic or industrial espionage by foreign adversary entities

(a) In general

On and after the date that is 30 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the President (a) may impose the sanctions described in subsection (c) against any of the foreign persons described in subsection (b).

(b) Foreign persons described

A foreign person is described in this subsection if the President determines on or after the date of the enactment of this Act that the person is a foreign adversary entity that knowingly engages in—
- economic or industrial espionage with respect to trade secrets or proprietary information owned by United States persons;
- the provision of material support or services to a foreign adversaries’ military, intelligence, or other national security entities; or
- the violation of United States export control laws.

The sanctions that may be imposed with respect to a foreign person under subsection (b) are the following:
(1) Property blocking
- The exercise of all powers granted to the President by the International Emergency Economic Powers Act () to the extent necessary to block and prohibit all transactions in property and interests in property of the foreign person if such property and interests in property are in the United States, come within the United States, or are or come within the possession or control of a United States person. 50 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.
(2) Ineligibility for visas, admission, or parole
- (A) Visas, admission, or parole
  - An alien described in subsection (b) is—
    - (i) inadmissible to the United States;
    - (ii) ineligible to receive a visa or other documentation to enter the United States; and
    - (iii) otherwise ineligible to be admitted or paroled into the United States or to receive any other benefit under the Immigration and Nationality Act (). 8 U.S.C. 1101 et seq.
- (B) Current visas revoked
  - (i) An alien described in subsection (b) is subject to revocation of any visa or other entry documentation regardless of when the visa or other entry documentation is or was issued.
  - (ii) A revocation under clause (i) shall take effect immediately and automatically cancel any other valid visa or entry documentation that is in the alien’s possession.

(d) Exceptions

(1) Exception for intelligence activities
- Sanctions under this section shall not apply to any activity subject to the reporting requirements under title V of the National Security Act of 1947 () or any authorized intelligence activities of the United States. 50 U.S.C. 3091 et seq.
(2) Exception to comply with international obligations
- Sanctions under subsection (c)(2) shall not apply with respect to the admission of an alien if admitting or paroling the alien into the United States is necessary to permit the United States to comply with—

SEC. 5. Importation of goods exception

(a) In general

The authorities and requirements to impose sanctions under this Act shall not include the authority or a requirement to impose sanctions on the importation of goods.

(b) Good defined

In this section, the term means any article, natural or manmade substance, material, supply, or manufactured product, including inspection and test equipment, and excluding technical data. good

SEC. 6. Definitions

In this Act:

The term appropriate congressional committees means—
The term economic or industrial espionage has the meaning given that term in section 1637(d) of the Carl Levin and Howard P. McKeon National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2015. The term has the meaning given that term in section 1637(d) of the Carl Levin and Howard P. McKeon National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2015. Buck
The term foreign person means any person that is not a United States person.
The term , with respect to conduct, a circumstance, or a result, means that a person has actual knowledge, or should have known, of the conduct, the circumstance, or the result. knowingly
The terms , , and have the meanings given those terms in section 1637(d) of the Carl Levin and Howard P. McKeon National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2015 (). Buck own,proprietary information,trade secret 50 U.S.C. 1708(d)
The term person means an individual or entity.
The term United States person means—
The term foreign adversary means the countries listed in section 7.4 of title 15, Code of Federal Regulations.

H.R. 1486

Table of contents

SEC. 1. Short title

SEC. 2. Findings

SEC. 3. Report

SEC. 4. Imposition of sanctions with respect to economic or industrial espionage by foreign adversary entities

SEC. 5. Importation of goods exception

SEC. 6. Definitions