Authorizes the Secretary of the Interior (acting through the USGS) to sign memoranda of understanding (MOUs) with foreign partner agencies to cooperate on mapping, data sharing, and scientific work to identify critical minerals and rare earth elements. It defines key terms (like which countries are allies or partners, what counts as a critical mineral or rare earth, and what an institution of higher education is) and sets requirements for coordination, training activities, consultation with industry, collaboration with the Secretary of State, and advance notice to Congress before entering MOUs.