To establish and maintain a coordinated program within the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration that improves wildfire, fire weather, fire risk, and wildfire smoke related forecasting, detection, modeling, observations, and service delivery, and for other purposes.
The term Administration means the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.
Administration
(2) Appropriate committees of Congress
The term appropriate committees of Congress means—
Appropriate committees of Congress
the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate; and
the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology of the House of Representatives.
(3) Earth system model
The term Earth system model means a mathematical model containing all relevant components of the Earth, namely the atmosphere, oceans, land, cryosphere, and biosphere.
Earth system model
(4) Fire environment
The term fire environment means—
Fire environment
the environmental conditions, such as soil moisture, vegetation, topography, snowpack, atmospheric temperature, moisture, and wind, that influence—
(i) fuel and fire behavior; and
(ii) the emission, chemical evolution, and transport of wildfire smoke; and
the associated environmental impacts occurring during and after fire events.
(5) Fire weather
The term fire weather means the weather conditions that influence the start, spread, character, or behavior of wildfires and relevant meteorological and chemical phenomena, including air quality, wildfire smoke, and meteorological parameters such as relative humidity, air temperature, wind speed and direction, and atmospheric composition and chemistry, including emissions and mixing heights.
Fire weather
(6) Impact-based decision support services
The term impact-based decision support services means scientific advice and interpretative services the Administration provides to help core partners, such as emergency personnel and public safety officials, make decisions when the information impacts the lives and livelihoods of the people of the United States.
Impact-based decision support services
(7) Indian tribe
The term Indian tribe has the meaning given that term in section 4 of the Indian Self-Determination and Education Assistance Act (). 25 U.S.C. 5304
Indian tribe
(8) Native Hawaiian organization
The term Native Hawaiian organization has the meaning given that term in section 6207 of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 (), including the Department of Hawaiian Home Lands and the Office of Hawaiian Affairs. 20 U.S.C. 7517
The Under Secretary shall establish and maintain a coordinated fire weather services program among the offices of the Administration in existence as of the date of the enactment of this Act.
In general
(b) Program functions
The functions of the program established under subsection (a), consistent with the priorities described in section 101 of the Weather Research and Forecasting Innovation Act of 2017 (), shall be— 15 U.S.C. 8511
Program functions
to support readiness, responsiveness, understanding, and resilience of the United States to wildfires, fire weather, wildfire smoke, post-fire flooding and debris flows, and associated hazards and impacts in built and natural environments;
to collaboratively develop and disseminate accurate, precise, effective, and timely risk communications, forecasts, watches, and warnings relating to wildfires, fire weather, wildfire smoke, post-fire flooding and debris flows, and other associated conditions, hazards, and impacts, as applicable, with Federal land management agencies;
to partner with and support the public, Federal and State government entities, Indian tribes, Native Hawaiian organizations, and academic and local partners through the development of capabilities, impact-based decision support services, and overall service delivery and utility related to fire weather;
to conduct and support research and development of new and innovative models, technologies, techniques, products, systems, processes, and procedures to predict and improve understanding of wildfires, fire weather, related air quality, post-fire flooding and debris flows, and the fire environment;
to develop processes to transition research into operational use and inform additional areas of research to deliver fire weather products, services, and decision support tools to operational users and platforms;
to develop communications networks and strategies to ensure parity of fire forecasts, warning services, and information about current fire location, for remote, isolated, and rural communities, including communities where the public acts as the first responder to wildfire; and
to develop, in coordination with Federal land management agencies, impact-based decision support services that operationalize and integrate the functions described in paragraphs (1) through (6) in order to provide comprehensive impact-based decision support services that encompass the fire environment.
(c) Program priorities
In developing and implementing the program established under subsection (a), the Under Secretary shall prioritize—
Program priorities
development of a fire weather-enabled Earth system model and data assimilation systems that—
are capable of prediction and forecasting across relevant spatial and temporal scales;
The Under Secretary shall establish a fire weather testbed that enables engagement across the Federal Government, State and local governments, academia, private and federally funded research laboratories, the private sector, and end-users in order to evaluate the accuracy and usability of technology, models, fire weather products and services, and other research to accelerate the implementation, transition to operations, and use of new capabilities by the Administration, Federal and land management agencies, and other relevant stakeholders.
Establishment of fire weather testbed
(b) Uncrewed systems
Uncrewed systems
(1) In general
The Under Secretary shall—
In general
establish and carry out a research and development program to support the application of uncrewed systems technologies to improve data collection in support of modeling, observations, predictions, forecasts, and impact-based decision support services, and for other purposes of the Administration;
transition uncrewed systems technologies from research to operations as the Under Secretary considers appropriate; and
coordinate with other Federal agencies that may be developing uncrewed systems and related technologies to meet the challenges of wildland fire management.
(2) Pilots required
In carrying out paragraph (1), the Under Secretary shall conduct pilots of uncrewed systems for fire weather and fire environment observations, including—
Pilots required
testing of uncrewed systems in approximations of real-world scenarios;
assessment of the utility of meteorological data collected from fire response and assessment aircraft;
input of the collected data into appropriate models to predict fire behavior, including coupled atmosphere and fire models; and
collection of best management practices for deployment of uncrewed systems and other remote data technology, including for communication and coordination between the stakeholders described in subsection (a).
(3) Savings clause
Savings clause
(A) In general
In carrying out activities under this subsection, the Under Secretary shall ensure that any testing or deployment of uncrewed systems follow procedures, restrictions, and protocols established by the heads of the Federal agencies with statutory or regulatory jurisdiction over any airspace in which wildfire response activities are conducted during an active wildfire event.
In general
(B) Consultation and coordination
The Under Secretary shall consult and coordinate with relevant Federal land management agencies, Federal science agencies, and the Federal Aviation Administration to develop processes for the appropriate deployment of the systems described in subparagraph (A).
Section 301 of the Weather Research and Forecasting Innovation Act of 2017 () is amended— 15 U.S.C. 8531
Data availability and management
by redesignating subsections (f) and (g) as subsections (g) and (h), respectively; and
by inserting after subsection (e) the following:
(f) Data availability and management
Data availability and management
(1) In general
The Under Secretary shall—
In general
make data and metadata generated or collected by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration that the Under Secretary has the legal right to redistribute fully and openly available, in accordance with of title 44, United States Code, and the Foundations for Evidence-Based Policymaking Act of 2018 (; 132 Stat. 5529) and the amendments made by that Act, and preserve and curate such data and metadata, in accordance with of title 44, United States Code (commonly known as the ), in order to maximize use of such data and metadata; and Federal Records Act of 1950 chapter 35; Public Law 115–435; chapter 31
manage and steward the access, archival, and retrieval activities for the data and metadata described in subparagraph (A) by—
(i) using—
enterprise-wide infrastructure, emerging technologies, commercial partnerships, and the skilled workforce needed to provide appropriate data management from collection to broad access; and
associated information services; and
(ii) pursuing the maximum interoperability of data and information by—
leveraging data, information, knowledge, and tools from across the Federal Government to support equitable access, cross-sectoral collaboration and innovation, and local planning and decision-making; and
developing standards and practices for the adoption and citation of digital object identifiers for datasets, models, and analytical tools.
(2) Collaboration
In carrying out this subsection, the Under Secretary shall collaborate with such Federal partners and stakeholders as the Under Secretary considers relevant—
Collaboration
to develop standards to pursue maximum interoperability of data, information, knowledge, and tools across the Federal Government, convert historical records into common digital formats, and improve access and usability of data by partners and stakeholders;
to identify and solicit relevant data from Federal and international partners and other relevant stakeholders, as the Under Secretary considers appropriate; and
to develop standards and practices for the adoption and citation of digital object identifiers for datasets, models, and analytical tools.
(1) Annual post-fire-weather-season survey and assessment
Annual post-fire-weather-season survey and assessment
(A) In general
During the second winter following the date of the enactment of this Act, and each year thereafter, the Under Secretary shall conduct a post-fire-weather-season survey and assessment.
In general
(B) Elements
After conducting a post-fire-weather-season survey and assessment under subparagraph (A), the Under Secretary shall—
Elements
(i) investigate any gaps in weather data collected during the assessment;
(ii) identify and implement strategies and procedures to improve program services and information dissemination;
(iii) update systems, processes, strategies, and procedures to enhance the efficiency and reliability of weather data obtained from the assessment;
(iv) evaluate the accuracy and efficacy of physical fire weather forecasting information for each incident included in the survey and assessment; and
(v) assess and refine performance measures, as needed.
(2) Surveys and assessments following individual wildfire events
The Under Secretary may conduct surveys and assessments following individual wildfire events as the Under Secretary determines necessary.
Surveys and assessments following individual wildfire events
(3) Goal
In carrying out activities under this subsection, the Under Secretary shall seek to increase the number of post-wildfire community impact studies, including by surveying individual and collective responses and incorporating other applicable topics of social science research.
Goal
(4) Annual briefing
Not less frequently than once each year, the Under Secretary shall join other relevant agencies to provide a briefing to the appropriate committees of Congress that provides—
Annual briefing
an overview of the fire season;
an outlook for the fire season; and
fire weather forecasts.
(5) Coordination
In conducting any survey or assessment under this subsection, the Under Secretary shall coordinate with Federal, State, and local partners, Indian tribes, Native Hawaiian organizations, private entities, and such institutions of higher education as the Under Secretary considers relevant in order to—
Coordination
improve operations and collaboration; and
optimize data collection, sharing, integration, assimilation, and dissemination.
The Under Secretary shall establish and maintain an Incident Meteorologist Service within the National Weather Service (in this section referred to as the ).
Establishment
(b) Inclusion of existing incident meteorologists
The Service shall include—
Inclusion of existing incident meteorologists
the incident meteorologists of the Administration as of the date of the enactment of this Act; and
such incident meteorologists of the Administration as may be appointed after such date.
(c) Functions
The Service shall provide—
Functions
on-site impact-based decision support services to Federal, State, and local government emergency response agencies, Indian tribes, and Native Hawaiian organizations preceding, during, and following significant weather-related events, such as wildland fires, that threaten human life, property, or the economy; and
support to Federal, State, and local government decision makers, partners, and stakeholders, Indian tribes, Tribal organizations, and Native Hawaiian organizations for seasonal planning and pre-fire mitigation activities.
(d) Deployment
The Service shall be deployed—
Deployment
as determined by the Under Secretary; or
at the request of the head of another Federal agency and with the approval of the Under Secretary.
(e) Staffing and resources
In establishing and maintaining the Service, the Under Secretary shall identify, acquire, and maintain adequate levels of staffing and resources to meet user needs.
Staffing and resources
(f) Support for incident meteorologists
The Under Secretary shall provide resources, access to real-time fire weather forecasts, training, administrative and logistical support, and access to professional counseling or other forms of support as the Under Secretary considers appropriate for the betterment of the emotional and mental health and well-being of incident meteorologists and other employees of the Administration so long as the need for such resources, training, access, or support is due to the response of such employees to high-impact and extreme fire weather events.
The term includes any applicable locality-based comparability payment under section 5304 of title 5, United States Code, any applicable special rate supplement under section 5305 of such title, or any equivalent payment under a similar provision of law. basic pay
Basic pay
(2) Covered employee
The term covered employee means an employee of the Department of Commerce, the Department of Agriculture, or the Department of the Interior.
Covered employee
(3) Covered services
The term covered services means services that are performed by a covered employee while serving—
Covered services
as a wildland firefighter or a fire management response official, including a regional fire director, a deputy regional fire director, and a fire management officer;
as an incident meteorologist accompanying a wildland firefighter crew; or
on an incident management team, at the National Interagency Fire Center, at a Geographic Area Coordinating Center, or at an operations center.
(4) Premium pay
The term premium pay means premium pay paid under a provision of law described in the matter preceding paragraph (1) of section 5547(a) of title 5, United States Code.
Premium pay
(5) Relevant congressional committees
The term relevant congressional committees means—
Relevant congressional committees
the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate;
the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs of the Senate;
the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate;
the Committee on Appropriations of the Senate;
the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources of the Senate;
the Committee on Oversight and Government Reform of the House of Representatives;
the Committee on Natural Resources of the House of Representatives;
the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology of the House of Representatives;
the Committee on Agriculture of the House of Representative; and
the Committee on Appropriations of the House of Representatives.
(6) Secretary concerned
The term Secretary concerned means—
Secretary concerned
the Secretary of Commerce, with respect to an employee of the Department of Commerce;
the Secretary of Agriculture, with respect to an employee of the Department of Agriculture; and
Submissions to Congress regarding the fire weather services program, incident meteorologist workforce needs, and National Weather Service workforce support
(a) Report to Congress
Not later than 18 months after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Under Secretary shall submit to the appropriate committees of Congress—
Report to Congress
the plan described in subsection (b);
the assessment described in subsection (c); and
the assessment described in subsection (d).
(b) Fire weather services program plan
Fire weather services program plan
(1) Elements
The plan submitted under subsection (a)(1) shall detail—
Elements
the observational data, modeling requirements, ongoing computational needs, research, development, and technology transfer activities, data management, skilled-personnel requirements, engagement with relevant Federal emergency and land management agencies and partners, and corresponding research, development, and operational resources and timelines necessary to achieve the functions described in subsection (b) of section 3 and the priorities described in subsection (c) of such section; and
plans and needs for all other activities and requirements under this Act and the amendments made by this Act.
(2) Submittal of annual budget for plan
Following completion of the plan submitted under subsection (a)(1), the Under Secretary shall, not less frequently than once each year concurrent with the submission of the budget by the President to Congress under section 1105 of title 31, United States Code, submit to Congress a proposed budget corresponding with the elements detailed in the plan.
The Under Secretary shall conduct a workforce needs assessment on the current and future demand for additional incident meteorologists for wildfires and other high-impact fire weather events.
In general
(2) Elements
The assessment required by paragraph (1) shall include the following:
Elements
A description of staffing levels as of the date on which the assessment is submitted under subsection (a)(2) and projected future staffing levels.
An assessment of the state of the research, development, and operational infrastructure of the National Weather Service as of the date on which the assessment is submitted and future needs of such infrastructure in order to meet current and future demands, including with respect to information technology support and logistical and administrative operations.
Fire Science and Technology Working Group; strategic plan
(a) Fire science and technology working group
Fire science and technology working group
(1) Establishment
Not later than 90 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Executive Director of the Interagency Committee for Advancing Weather Services established under section 402 of the Weather Research and Forecasting Innovation Act of 2017 () (in this section referred to as the ) shall establish a working group, to be known as the (in this section referred to as the ). Fire Science and Technology Working Group`` 15 U.S.C. 8542
Establishment
(2) Chair
The Working Group shall be chaired by the Under Secretary, or designee.
Chair
(3) General duties
General duties
(A) In general
The Working Group shall seek to build efficiencies among the agencies listed under section 12(c)(1) and coordinate the planning and management of science, research, technology, and operations related to science and support services for wildland fire prediction, detection, forecasting, modeling, resilience, response, management, and assessments.
In general
(B) Input
The Working Group shall solicit input from non-Federal stakeholders.
Input
(b) Strategic plan
Strategic plan
(1) In general
Not later than 18 months after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Interagency Committee shall prepare and submit to Congress a strategic plan for interagency coordination, research, and development that will improve the assessment of fire environments and the understanding and prediction of wildland fires, associated wildfire smoke, and the impacts of such fires and smoke, including—
In general
on communities, buildings, and other infrastructure;
on ecosystem services and watersheds;
social and economic impacts;
by developing and encouraging the adoption of science-based and cost-effective measures—
(i) to enhance community resilience to wildland fires;
(ii) to address and mitigate the impacts of wildland fires and associated wildfire smoke; and
(iii) to restore natural fire regimes in fire-dependent ecosystems;
by improving the understanding and mitigation of the effects of weather and long-term drought on wildland fire risk, frequency, and severity;
through integrations of social and behavioral sciences in public safety fire communication;
by improving the forecasting and understanding of prescribed fires and the impacts of such fires, and how those impacts may differ from impacts of wildland fires that originate from an unplanned ignition; and
The Under Secretary shall, in collaboration with the Chief of the United States Forest Service, the Director of the United States Geological Survey, the Director of the National Park Service, the Administrator of the Federal Emergency Management Agency, the Director of the United States Fish and Wildlife Service, the Director of the Bureau of Indian Affairs, the Director of the Bureau of Land Management, and such stakeholders as the Under Secretary considers appropriate—
In general
evaluate the system used as of the date of the enactment of this Act to rate the risk of wildfire; and
determine whether updates to that system are required to ensure that the ratings accurately reflect the severity of fire risk.
(b) Update required
If the Under Secretary determines under subsection (a) that updates to the system described in paragraph (1) of such subsection are necessary, the Under Secretary shall update that system.
Not later than 3 years after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Comptroller General of the United States shall submit to Congress a report on the program established under section 3(a).
In general
(2) Elements
The report required by paragraph (1) shall—
Elements
evaluate the performance of the program by establishing initial baseline capabilities and tracking progress made toward fully operationalizing the functions described in section 3(b); and
include such other recommendations as the Comptroller General determines are appropriate to improve the program.
(b) Report on interagency bodies for wildfire forecasting, prevention, planning, and management
Not later than 1 year after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Comptroller General of the United States shall submit to Congress a report that—
Report on interagency bodies for wildfire forecasting, prevention, planning, and management
identifies all Federal interagency bodies established for the purpose of wildfire forecasting, prevention, planning, and management (such as wildfire councils, commissions, and workgroups), including—
the Wildland Fire Leadership Council;
the White House Wildfire Resilience Interagency Group;
the Wildland Fire Management Policy Committee;
the Wildland Fire Mitigation and Management Commission;
the Joint Science Fire Program;
the National Interagency Coordination Center;
the National Predictive Services Oversight Group;
the Interagency Council for Advancing Meteorological Services;
the National Wildfire Coordinating Group;
the National Multi-Agency Coordinating Group; and
the Mitigation Framework Leadership Group;
evaluates the roles, functionality, and utility of such interagency bodies;
evaluates the progress, performance, and implementation of such interagency bodies;
assesses efficacy and identifies potential overlap and duplication of such interagency bodies in carrying out interagency collaboration with respect to wildfire prevention, planning, and management; and
includes such other recommendations as the Comptroller General determines are appropriate to streamline and improve wildfire forecasting, prevention, planning, and management, including recommendations regarding the interagency bodies for which the addition of the Administration is necessary to improve wildfire forecasting, prevention, planning, and management.
Each Federal agency shall cooperate and coordinate with the Under Secretary, as appropriate, in carrying out this Act and the amendments made by this Act.
Cooperation
(b) Coordination
Coordination
(1) In general
In meeting the requirements under this Act and the amendments made by this Act, the Under Secretary shall coordinate, and as appropriate, establish agreements with Federal and external partners to fully use and leverage existing assets, systems, networks, technologies, and sources of data.
In general
(2) Inclusions
Coordination carried out under paragraph (1) shall include coordination with—
Inclusions
the agencies represented at the National Interagency Fire Center;
the Predictive Services Program of the National Interagency Coordination Center;
the National Wildfire Coordinating Group; and
relevant interagency bodies identified in the report required by section 12(b).
(3) Consultation
In carrying out this subsection, the Under Secretary shall consult with Federal partners including—
Consultation
the National Aeronautics and Space Administration;
the Department of the Interior;
the Federal Emergency Management Agency;
the National Science Foundation;
the United States Geological Survey;
the Department of Agriculture;
the Environmental Protection Agency;
the Department of Energy;
the Department of Defense;
the National Institute of Standards and Technology; and
such other departments and agencies as the Under Secretary considers relevant.
(c) Process for annual coordination with non-Federal entities
Not later than 18 months after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Under Secretary shall develop and submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a process for annual coordination with State and local governments, Indian tribes, Tribal organizations, and Native Hawaiian organizations to assist the development of improved fire weather products and services.
Process for annual coordination with non-Federal entities
(d) International coordination
International coordination
(1) In general
The Under Secretary may develop collaborative relationships and agreements with foreign partners and counterparts to address transboundary issues pertaining to wildfires, fire weather, wildfire smoke, air quality, and associated conditions and hazards or other relevant meteorological phenomena, as appropriate, to facilitate full and open exchange of data and information.
The Under Secretary shall ensure, to the greatest extent practicable, that activities carried out under this Act and the amendments made by this Act are not duplicative of activities supported by other parts of the Administration or other relevant Federal agencies.
In general
(2) Coordination
In carrying out activities under this Act and the amendments made by this Act, the Under Secretary shall coordinate with the Administration and heads of other Federal research agencies—
Coordination
to ensure those activities enhance and complement, but do not constitute unnecessary duplication of, efforts; and
to ensure the responsible stewardship of funds.
(b) Rule of construction
Nothing in this Act may be construed—
Rule of construction
to satisfy any requirement for government-to-government consultation with Indian tribes; or
to affect or modify any treaty or other right of any Indian tribe.
There are authorized to be appropriated to the Administration to carry out this Act and the amendments made by this Act—
In general
$15,000,000 for fiscal year 2026;
$20,000,000 for fiscal year 2027;
$27,000,000 for fiscal year 2028;
$36,000,000 for fiscal year 2029; and
$50,000,000 for fiscal year 2030.
(b) Prohibition
None of the amounts authorized to be appropriated by subsection (a) may be used to unnecessarily duplicate activities funded under title VIII of division D of the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act (; 135 Stat. 1094). Public Law 117–58
Prohibition
(9) Seasonal
The term seasonal has the meaning given that term in section 2 of the Weather Research and Forecasting Innovation Act of 2017 (). 15 U.S.C. 8501
Seasonal
(10) State
The term State means a State, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, Guam, American Samoa, the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, the United State Virgin Islands, the Federated States of Micronesia, the Republic of the Marshall Islands, or the Republic of Palau.
State
(11) Tribal organization
The term Tribal organization has the meaning given that term in section 4 of the Indian Self-Determination and Education Assistance Act (). 25 U.S.C. 5304
Tribal organization
(12) Under Secretary
The term Under Secretary means the Under Secretary of Commerce for Oceans and Atmosphere.
Under Secretary
include variables associated with fire weather and the fire environment;
improve understanding of the connections between fire weather and modes of climate variability;
incorporate emerging techniques such as artificial intelligence, machine learning, and cloud computing; and
use a rapidly deployable network of rain gauges for post-fire hazard monitoring;
advancement of existing and new observational capabilities, including satellite-, airborne-, air-, and ground-based systems and technologies, and social networking and other public information-gathering applications that—
identify—
(i) high-risk pre-ignition conditions;
(ii) conditions that influence fire behavior and spread including those conditions that suppress active fire events; and
(iii) fire weather threat levels;
support real-time notification and monitoring of ignitions;
support observations and data collection of fire weather and fire environment variables, including vegetation state and profiles of wildfire smoke, winds, temperature, and humidity, for development of the model and systems under paragraph (1); and
support forecasts and research that mitigate the impacts of wildfires on human life, health, and the economy;
development and implementation of advanced and user-oriented impact-based decision tools, science, and technologies that—
ensure real-time and retrospective data, products, and services are findable, accessible, interoperable, usable, inform further research, and are analysis- and decision-ready;
provide targeted information throughout the fire lifecycle including pre-ignition, detection, forecasting, post-fire, and monitoring phases; and
support early assessment of post-fire hazards, such as air quality, debris flows, mudslides, and flooding; and
ensuring the parity of access to and support from the tools, science, and technologies developed under this subsection for remote, isolated, and rural communities.
(d) Program activities
In developing and implementing the program established under subsection (a), the Under Secretary may—
Program activities
conduct relevant physical and social science research activities in support of the functions described in subsection (b) and the priorities described in subsection (c);
conduct relevant activities, in coordination with Federal land management agencies and Federal science agencies, to assess fuel characteristics, including moisture, loading, and other parameters used to determine fire risk levels and outlooks;
support and conduct research that assesses impacts to marine, riverine, watershed, and other relevant ecosystems, which may include forest and rangeland ecosystems, resulting from activities associated with mitigation of and response to wildfires;
support and conduct attribution science research relating to wildfires, fire weather, fire risk, wildfire smoke, and associated conditions, risks, and impacts;
develop wildfire smoke and air quality forecasts, forecast guidance, and prescribed burn weather forecasts, and conduct research on the impact of such forecasts on response behavior that minimizes health-related impacts from wildfire smoke exposure;
use, in coordination with Federal land management agencies, wildland fuels information and fire resource intelligence to inform fire environment impact-based decision support services and products for safety;
work with Federal agencies to provide data, tools, and services to support the implementation of mitigation measures by such agencies;
provide training and support to ensure effective media utilization of impact-based decision support services and products to the public regarding actions needing to be taken;
provide comprehensive training to ensure staff of the program established under subsection (a) is properly equipped to deliver the impact-based decision support services and products described in paragraphs (1) through (6); and
acquire, through contracted purchase, private sector-produced observational data to fill identified gaps, as needed.
(e) Parity for remote, isolated, and rural communities
In developing and implementing the program established under subsection (a), the Under Secretary shall ensure parity of coverage and programmatic activity for remote, isolated, and rural communities, including communities where the public acts as the first responder to wildfire.
Parity for remote, isolated, and rural communities
(f) Collaboration
The Under Secretary shall, as the Under Secretary considers appropriate, collaborate with partners in the weather and climate enterprises, academic institutions, States, Indian tribes, Tribal organizations, Native Hawaiian organizations, local partners, and Federal agencies in the development and implementation of the program established under subsection (a).
Collaboration
(g) Agreements
In carrying out the activities under this Act and the amendments made by this Act, the Under Secretary may provide support to non-Federal entities by making funds and resources available through—
Agreements
competitive grants;
contracts under the mobility program under subchapter VI of of title 5, United States Code (commonly referred to as the ); Intergovernmental Personnel Act Mobility Program chapter 33
cooperative agreements; and
co-location agreements as described in section 502 of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Commissioned Officer Corps Amendments Act of 2020 ( note prec.). 33 U.S.C. 851
(h) Program administration plan
Program administration plan
(1) In general
Not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Under Secretary shall submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a plan that details how the program established under subsection (a) will be administered and governed within the Administration.
In general
(2) Elements
The plan required by paragraph (1) should include a description of—
Elements
how the functions described in subsection (b), the priorities described in subsection (c), and the activities described in subsection (d) will be distributed among the line offices of the Administration; and
the mechanisms in place to ensure seamless coordination among those offices.
Consultation and coordination
(c) Additional pilot projects
The Under Secretary shall establish additional pilot projects relating to the fire weather testbed that may include the following elements:
Additional pilot projects
Advanced products to detect fire from satellites.
Procurement and use of commercial data.
Investigation and evaluation of information needs of users and decision makers.
(d) Report
Section 108(a)(5) of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Authorization Act of 1992 () is amended— 15 U.S.C. 8520(a)(5)
Report
in subparagraph (C), by adding at the end; and
in subparagraph (D)—
in clause (ii), by striking ;
in clause (iii), by adding at the end; and
by adding at the end the following:
(iv) a description of the research that has been transitioned into operations, including research at the fire weather testbed established under section 4(a) of the ;
(b) Wildfire technology modernization
Section 1114 of the John D. Dingell, Jr. Conservation, Management, and Recreation Act () is amended— 43 U.S.C. 1748b–1
Wildfire technology modernization
in subsection (c)(3), by inserting after ;
in subsection (e)(2)—
by redesignating subparagraph (B) as subparagraph (C); and
by inserting after subparagraph (A) the following:
(B) Consultation
Consultation
(i) In carrying out subparagraph (A), the Secretaries shall consult with the Under Secretary of Commerce for Oceans and Atmosphere regarding any development of impact-based decision support services that relate to wildfire-related activities of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.
In general
(ii) In this subparagraph, the term impact-based decision support services means scientific advice and interpretative services the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration provides to help core partners, such as emergency personnel and public safety officials, make decisions when the information impacts the lives and livelihoods of the people of the United States.
Definition of impact-based decision support services
in subsection (f)—
by redesignating paragraphs (1) and (2) as subparagraphs (A) and (B), respectively, and moving such subparagraphs, as so redesignated, 2 ems to the right;
by striking and inserting the following:
(1) In general
The Secretaries
In general
by adding at the end the following:
(2) Collaboration
In carrying out paragraph (1), the Secretaries shall collaborate with the Under Secretary of Commerce for Oceans and Atmosphere to improve coordination, utility of systems and assets, and interoperability of data for wildfire smoke prediction, forecasting, and modeling.
Collaboration
(c) Digital presence
Digital presence
(1) In general
The Under Secretary shall develop and maintain a comprehensive, centralized, and publicly accessible digital presence designed to promote findability, accessibility, interoperability, usability, and utility of the services, tools, data, and information produced by the program established under section 3(a).
In general
(2) Digital platform and tools
In carrying out paragraph (1), the Under Secretary shall seek to ensure the digital platform and tools of the Administration integrate geospatial data, decision support tools, training, and best practices to provide real-time fire weather forecasts and address fire-related issues and needs.
Digital platform and tools
(d) High-Performance computing
High-Performance computing
(1) In general
The Under Secretary shall seek to acquire sufficient high-performance computing resources and capacity for research, operations, and data storage in support of the program established under section 3(a).
In general
(2) Considerations
In acquiring high-performance computing capacity under paragraph (1), the Under Secretary shall consider requirements needed for—
Considerations
conducting research, development, and testbed experiments;
the transition of research and testbed developments into operations;
sustaining capabilities in operations;
capabilities existing in other Federal agencies and the commercial sector; and
skilled workforce development.
(6) Data availability
The Under Secretary shall make the data and findings obtained from each assessment conducted under this subsection available to the public in an accessible digital format as soon as practicable after conducting the assessment.
Data availability
(7) Service improvements
The Under Secretary shall make best efforts to incorporate the results and recommendations of each assessment conducted under this subsection into the research and development plan and operations of the Administration.
Service improvements
(b) Joint Assessment and plan for automated surface observing system
Joint Assessment and plan for automated surface observing system
(1) In general
The Under Secretary, in collaboration with the Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration and the Secretary of Defense, shall—
In general
conduct an assessment of resources, personnel, procedures, and activities necessary to maximize the functionality and utility of the automated surface observing system of the United States that identifies—
(i) key system upgrades needed to improve observation quality and utility for weather forecasting, aviation safety, and other users;
(ii) improvements needed in observations within the planetary boundary layer, including mixing height;
(iii) improvements needed in public accessibility of observational data;
(iv) improvements needed to reduce latency in reporting of observational data;
(v) relevant data to be collected for the production of forecasts or forecast guidance relating to atmospheric composition, including particulate and air quality data related to wildfires, and aviation safety;
(vi) areas of concern regarding operational continuity and reliability of the system, which may include needs for on-night staff, particularly in remote and rural areas and areas where system failure would have the greatest negative impact to the community;
(vii) stewardship, data handling, data distribution, and product generation needs arising from upgrading and changing the automated surface observation systems;
(viii) possible solutions for areas of concern identified under clause (vi), including with respect to the potential use of backup systems, power and communication system reliability, staffing needs and personnel location, and the acquisition of critical component backups and proper storage location to ensure rapid system repair necessary to ensure system operational continuity; and
(ix) research, development, and transition to operations needed to develop advanced data collection, quality control, and distribution so that the data are provided to models, users, and decision support systems in a timely manner; and
develop and implement a plan that addresses the findings of the assessment conducted under subparagraph (A), including by seeking and allocating resources necessary to ensure that system upgrades are standardized across the Administration, the Federal Aviation Administration, and the Department of Defense to the extent practicable.
(2) Standardization
Any system standardization implemented under paragraph (1)(B) shall not impede activities to upgrade or improve individual units of the system.
Standardization
(3) Remote automatic weather station coordination
The Under Secretary, in collaboration with relevant Federal agencies and the National Interagency Coordination Center, shall assess and develop cooperative agreements to improve coordination, interoperability standards, operations, and placement of remote automatic weather stations for the purpose of improving utility and coverage of remote automatic weather stations, automated surface observation systems, wildfire smoke monitoring platforms, and other similar stations and systems for weather and climate operations.
Remote automatic weather station coordination
(4) Report to Congress
Report to Congress
(A) In general
Not later than 2 years after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Under Secretary, in collaboration with the Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration and the Secretary of Defense, shall submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a report that—
In general
(i) details the findings of the assessment required by subparagraph (A) of paragraph (1); and
(ii) the plan required by subparagraph (B) of such paragraph.
(B) Elements
The report required by subparagraph (A) shall include a detailed assessment of appropriations required—
Elements
(i) to address the findings of the assessment required by subparagraph (A) of paragraph (1); and
(ii) to implement the plan required by subparagraph (B) of such paragraph.
the Secretary of the Interior, with respect to an employee of the Department of the Interior.
(b) Waiver
Waiver
(1) In general
Any premium pay received by a covered employee for covered services shall be disregarded in calculating the aggregate of the basic pay and premium pay for the covered employee for purposes of applying the limitation on premium pay under section 5547(a) of title 5, United States Code.
In general
(2) Calculation of aggregate pay
Any pay that is disregarded under paragraph (1) shall be disregarded in calculating the aggregate pay of the applicable covered employee for purposes of applying the limitation under section 5307 of title 5, United States Code, during calendar year 2025.
Calculation of aggregate pay
(3) Limitation
A covered employee may not be paid premium pay under this subsection if, or to the extent that, the aggregate of the basic pay and premium pay (including premium pay for covered services) of the covered employee for a calendar year would exceed the rate of basic pay payable for a position at level II of the Executive Schedule under section 5313 of title 5, United States Code, as in effect at the end of that calendar year.
Limitation
(4) Treatment of additional premium pay
If the application of this subsection results in the payment of additional premium pay to a covered employee of a type that is normally creditable as basic pay for retirement or any other purpose, that additional premium pay shall not be—
Treatment of additional premium pay
considered to be basic pay of the covered employee for any purpose; or
used in computing a lump-sum payment to the covered employee for accumulated and accrued annual leave under section 5551 or 5552 of title 5, United States Code.
(5) Effective period
This subsection shall be in effect during calendar year 2025 and apply to premium pay payable during that year.
Effective period
(c) Amendment
Section 5542(a)(5) of title 5, United States Code, is amended by inserting after .
Amendment
(d) Plan To address needs
Plan To address needs
(1) Development and implementation
Not later than March 30, 2026, the Secretaries referred to in subsection (a)(6), in consultation with the Director of the Office of Management and Budget and the Director of the Office of Personnel Management, shall jointly develop and implement a plan that addresses the needs of the Department of Commerce, the Department of Agriculture, and the Department of the Interior, as applicable, to hire, appoint, promote, or train additional covered employees who carry out covered services such that sufficient covered employees are available throughout each fiscal year, beginning in fiscal year 2026, without the need for waivers of premium pay limitations.
Development and implementation
(2) Submittal
Not later than 30 days before the date on which the Secretaries implement the plan developed under paragraph (1), the Secretaries shall submit the plan to the relevant congressional committees.
Submittal
(3) Limitation
The plan developed under paragraph (1) shall not be contingent on any Secretary receiving amounts appropriated for fiscal years beginning in fiscal year 2026 in amounts greater than amounts appropriated for fiscal year 2024.
Limitation
(e) Policies and procedures for health, safety, and well-Being
The Secretary concerned shall maintain policies and procedures to promote the health, safety, and well-being of covered employees.
Policies and procedures for health, safety, and well-Being
(3) Considerations
In conducting the assessment required by paragraph (1), the Under Secretary shall consider user needs and feedback from relevant stakeholders.
Considerations
(d) Support services assessment
Support services assessment
(1) In general
The Under Secretary shall conduct a workforce support services assessment with respect to employees of the National Weather Service engaged in emergency response.
In general
(2) Elements
The assessment required by paragraph (1) shall include the following:
Elements
An assessment of need for further support of employees of the National Weather Service engaged in emergency response through services provided by the Public Health Service.
A detailed assessment of appropriations required to secure the level of support services needed as identified in the assessment described in subparagraph (A).
(3) Additional support services
Following the completion of the assessment required by paragraph (1), the Under Secretary shall seek to acquire additional support services to meet the needs identified in the assessment.
Additional support services
consideration and adoption of any recommendations included in the report required by section 12(c).
(2) Plan elements
The strategic plan required by paragraph (1) shall include the following:
Plan elements
A description of the priorities and needs of vulnerable populations.
A description of high-performance computing, visualization, and dissemination needs.
A timeline and guidance for implementation of—
(i) an interagency data sharing system for data relevant to performing fire assessments and modeling fire risk and fire behavior;
(ii) a system for ensuring that the fire prediction models of relevant agencies can be interconnected; and
(iii) to the maximum extent practicable, any recommendations included in the report required by section 12(c).
A plan for incorporating and coordinating research and operational observations, including from infrared technologies, microwave, radars, satellites, mobile weather stations, and uncrewed aerial systems.
A flexible framework to communicate clear and simple fire event information to the public.
Integration of social, behavioral, risk, and communication research to improve the fire operational environment and societal information reception and response.
(c) Sunset
The Working Group shall terminate not later than 1 year after the date of the enactment of this Act.
Sunset
Not later than 1 year after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Comptroller General of the United States shall submit to Congress a report that identifies—
Report on interagency coordination
the authorities, roles, and science and support services relating to wildland fire prediction, detection, forecasting, modeling, resilience, response, management, and assessment provided by—
the Department of Commerce, including the Administration and the National Institute of Standards and Technology;
the National Aeronautics and Space Administration;
the Department of the Interior;
the Department of Agriculture;
the National Science Foundation;
the Department of Energy;
the Federal Emergency Management Agency;
the Department of Transportation;
the Environmental Protection Agency; and
the Department of Defense; and
recommended areas in and mechanisms by which the agencies listed under paragraph (1) could support and improve—
coordination between Federal agencies, State and local governments, Indian tribes, Tribal organizations, Native Hawaiian organizations, and other relevant stakeholders, including through examination of possible public-private partnerships;
research and development, including interdisciplinary research, related to fire environments, wildland fires, associated wildfire smoke, and the impacts of such environments, fires, and smoke, in furtherance of a coordinated interagency effort to address wildland fire risk reduction;
data management and stewardship, the development and coordination of data systems and computational tools, and the creation of a centralized, integrated data collaboration environment for agency data, including historical data, relating to weather, fire environments, wildland fires, associated wildfire smoke, and the impacts of such environments, fires, and smoke, and the assessment of wildland fire risk mitigation measures;
interoperability, usability, and accessibility of the scientific data, data systems, and computational and information tools of the agencies listed under paragraph (1);
coordinated public safety communications relating to fire weather events, fire hazards, and wildland fire and smoke risk reduction strategies; and
secure and accurate real-time data, alerts, and advisories to wildland firefighters and other decision support tools for wildland fire incident command posts.
(d) Report on automated surface observing system
Not later than 4 years after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Comptroller General of the United States shall submit to Congress a report that—
Report on automated surface observing system
evaluates the functionality, utility, reliability, and operational status of the automated surface observing system across the Administration, the Federal Aviation Administration, and the Department of Defense;
evaluates the progress, performance, and implementation of the plan required by section 6(b)(1)(B);
assesses the efficacy of cross-agency collaboration and stakeholder engagement in carrying out the plan and provides recommendations to improve such activities;
evaluates the operational continuity and reliability of the system, particularly in remote and rural areas and areas where system failure would have the greatest negative impact to the community, and provides recommendations to improve such continuity and reliability;
assesses Federal coordination regarding the remote automatic weather station network, air resource advisors, and other Federal observing assets used for weather and climate modeling and response activities, and provides recommendations for improvements; and
includes such other recommendations as the Comptroller General determines are appropriate to improve the system.
In general
(2) Consultation
In carrying out activities under this subsection, the Under Secretary shall consult with the Department of State and such other Federal partners as the Under Secretary considers relevant.