S. 2478

119th CONGRESS 1st Session

To direct the Secretary of Transportation to carry out a grant program to support efforts to provide fare-free transit service, and for other purposes.

IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES · July 28, 2025 · Sponsor: Mr. Markey · Committee: Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs

Table of contents

• S. 2478
  • SEC. 1. Short title
  • SEC. 2. Purpose
  • SEC. 3. Definitions
  • SEC. 4. Grants to support fare-free transit

SEC. 1. Short title

• This Act may be cited as the Freedom to Move Act.

SEC. 2. Purpose

• The purposes of this Act are—
  • to invest in State, county, and local municipalities efforts to provide fare-free public transportation; and
  • to support State, county, and local municipalities in improving and expanding access to safe, accessible, and reliable mass transit systems in order to improve the livability of communities.

SEC. 3. Definitions

• In this Act:
  • The term eligible entity means—
  • The term — foster care youth
  • The term low-income individuals means an individual whose family income is at or below 150 percent of the poverty line (as that term is defined in section 673(2) of the Community Service Block Grant Act (), including any revision required by that section) for a family of the size involved. 42 U.S.C. 9902(2)
  • The term — public transportation
  • The term underserved community means—

SEC. 4. Grants to support fare-free transit

• (a) In general
  • Not later than 360 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall award grants, which shall be known as , to eligible entities, on a competitive basis, to cover the lost fare revenue for fare-free public transportation and improve public transportation. Freedom to Move Grants
• (b) Application
  • To be eligible to receive a grant under this section, an eligible entity shall submit to the Secretary an application at such time, in such manner, and containing such information as the Secretary may require, including, at a minimum, the following:
    • A description of how the eligible entity plans to implement fare-free transit access.
    • A description of how the entity will work to expand and improve bus service, which may include—
      • a bus network redesign;
      • how such redesign will prioritize consistent and reliable service for low-income and historically underserved communities;
      • how such redesign will prioritize connectivity to critical services and improve community livability; and
      • how the eligible entity will meaningfully consult with community, community leaders, local stakeholders and advocates, including transit advocates and disability advocates, local education agencies and institutions of higher education, community developers, labor unions, public housing agencies and workforce development boards, while facilitating such redesign.
    • A description of how the eligible entity will meaningfully partner and collaborate with community, community leaders, local stakeholders and advocates, including transit advocates and disability advocates, local education agencies and institutions of higher education, community developers, labor unions, public housing agencies, and workforce development boards to support outreach efforts to increase awareness of fare-free bus and transit programs.
    • A description of the eligible entity’s equity evaluation examining any transit and mobility gaps within the current transit system and how the eligible entity plans to significantly improve these gaps, including—
      • the average commute times for driver commuters and non-driver commuters;
      • public transit ridership rates disaggregated by mode of transportation and demographic group, including youth (including youth involved in the foster care system), seniors, individuals with disabilities, and low-income status; and
      • average length of bus routes and average delay times.
    • A description of the eligible entity’s current fare evasion enforcement policies, including—
      • the cost of the fine and whether the infraction is considered a civil offense or a criminal offense punishable by imprisonment;
      • the number of individuals charged with violating a fare evasion policy, disaggregated by age, race, gender, and disability status; and
      • how the eligible entity plans to eliminate fare evasion policies and end the criminalization of individuals evading fares.
    • An estimate of additional costs as a result of increased ridership, including—
      • fuel;
      • personnel;
      • maintenance; and
      • other operational costs.
    • Information and statistics on assaults on transit employees and a description of trainings and policies to protect employees, which may include de-escalation training.
• (c) Duration
  • Grants awarded under this section shall be for a 5-year period.
• (d) Selection of eligible entities
  • In carrying out the program under this section, the Secretary shall award grants to eligible entities located in both rural and urbanized areas.
• (e) Uses of funds
  • An eligible entity that receives a grant under this section shall use such grant to support—
    • implementing a fare-free transit program; and
    • efforts to improve public transportation, particularly in underserved communities, including costs associated with efforts to provide more safe, frequent, and reliable bus service, including—
      • bus stop safety and accessibility improvements;
      • pedestrian and bike shelters;
      • signage;
      • painted bus lanes;
      • signal priority systems;
      • street redesign;
      • operational costs to meet demands of increased ridership, including hiring and training of personnel; and
      • conducting a bus network redesign.
• (f) Report
  • (1) In general
    • Not later than 3 years after the date on which funds are made available to carry out this section, the Secretary shall collect data from eligible entities receiving a grant under this section on the progress of meeting the targets described in the application of such entity.
  • (2) Requirements
    • The report required under paragraph (1) shall—
      • collect data on demographics of communities served under this Act, disaggregated and cross-tabulated by—
        • (i) race;
        • (ii) ethnicity;
        • (iii) sex; and
        • (iv) household median income; and
      • progress towards significantly closing transit equity gaps as described in subsection (b)(4).
• (g) Authorization of appropriations
  • There is authorized to be appropriated to carry out this section $5,000,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2026 through 2030.