119th CONGRESS 1st Session
To hold law enforcement accountable for misconduct in court, improve transparency through data collection, and reform police training and policies.
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES · September 15, 2025 · Sponsor: Mr. Ivey
- (a) Short title
- This Act may be cited as the George Floyd Justice in Policing Act of 2025.
- (b) Table of contents
In this Act:
- The term
Byrne grant program means any grant program under subpart 1 of part E of title I of the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968 (), without regard to whether the funds are characterized as being made available under the Edward Byrne Memorial State and Local Law Enforcement Assistance Programs, the Local Government Law Enforcement Block Grants Program, the Edward Byrne Memorial Justice Assistance Grant Program, or otherwise. 34 U.S.C. 10151 et seq.
- The term
COPS grant program means the grant program authorized under section 1701 of title I of the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968 (). 34 U.S.C. 10381
- The term
Federal law enforcement agency means any agency of the United States authorized to engage in or supervise the prevention, detection, investigation, or prosecution of any violation of Federal criminal law.
- The term
Federal law enforcement officer has the meaning given the term in section 115 of title 18, United States Code.
- The term
Indian Tribe,Indian tribe has the meaning given the term in section 901 of title I of the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968 (). 34 U.S.C. 10251
- The term
local law enforcement officer means any officer, agent, or employee of a State or unit of local government authorized by law or by a government agency to engage in or supervise the prevention, detection, or investigation of any violation of criminal law.
- The term
State has the meaning given the term in section 901 of title I of the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968 (). 34 U.S.C. 10251
- The term
tribal law enforcement officer means any officer, agent, or employee of an Indian tribe, or the Bureau of Indian Affairs, authorized by law or by a government agency to engage in or supervise the prevention, detection, or investigation of any violation of criminal law.
- The term
unit of local government has the meaning given the term in section 901 of title I of the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968 (). 34 U.S.C. 10251
- The term
deadly force means that force which a reasonable person would consider likely to cause death or serious bodily harm, including—
- The term includes—
use of force
- The term
less lethal force means any degree of force that is not likely to cause death or serious bodily injury.
- The term
facial recognition means an automated or semiautomated process that analyzes biometric data of an individual from video footage to identify or assist in identifying an individual.
Section 242 of title 18, United States Code, is amended—
- by striking
willfullyand inserting knowingly or recklessly;
- by striking ; and
- by adding at the end the following: .
For purposes of this section, an act shall be considered to have resulted in death if the act was a substantial factor contributing to the death of the person.
Section 1979 of the Revised Statutes of the United States () is amended by adding at the end the following: 42 U.S.C. 1983
- It shall not be a defense or immunity in any action brought under this section against a local law enforcement officer (as such term is defined in section 2 of the ), or in any action under any source of law against a Federal investigative or law enforcement officer (as such term is defined in section 2680(h) of title 28, United States Code), that—
- the defendant was acting in good faith, or that the defendant believed, reasonably or otherwise, that his or her conduct was lawful at the time when the conduct was committed; or
- the rights, privileges, or immunities secured by the Constitution and laws were not clearly established at the time of their deprivation by the defendant, or that at such time, the state of the law was otherwise such that the defendant could not reasonably have been expected to know whether his or her conduct was lawful.
- (a) Subpoena authority
- Section 210401 of the Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994 () is amended— 34 U.S.C. 12601
- in subsection (a), by inserting after ;
- in subsection (b), by striking
paragraph (1)and inserting subsection (a); and
- (c) Subpoena authority
- In carrying out the authority in subsection (b), the Attorney General may require by subpoena the production of all information, documents, reports, answers, records, accounts, papers, and other data in any medium (including electronically stored information), as well as any tangible thing and documentary evidence, and the attendance and testimony of witnesses necessary in the performance of the Attorney General under subsection (b). Such a subpoena, in the case of contumacy or refusal to obey, shall be enforceable by order of any appropriate district court of the United States.
- (d) Civil action by State attorneys general
- Whenever it shall appear to the attorney general of any State, or such other official as a State may designate, that a violation of subsection (a) has occurred within their State, the State attorney general or official, in the name of the State, may bring a civil action in the appropriate district court of the United States to obtain appropriate equitable and declaratory relief to eliminate the pattern or practice. In carrying out the authority in this subsection, the State attorney general or official shall have the same subpoena authority as is available to the Attorney General under subsection (c).
- (e) Rule of construction
- Nothing in this section may be construed to limit the authority of the Attorney General under subsection (b) in any case in which a State attorney general has brought a civil action under subsection (d).
- (f) Reporting requirements
- On the date that is one year after the enactment of the , and annually thereafter, the Civil Rights Division of the Department of Justice shall make publicly available on an internet website a report on, during the previous year—
- the number of preliminary investigations of violations of subsection (a) that were commenced;
- the number of preliminary investigations of violations of subsection (a) that were resolved; and
- the status of any pending investigations of violations of subsection (a).
- by adding at the end the following:
- (b) Grant program
- (1) Grants authorized
- The Attorney General may award a grant to a State to assist the State in conducting pattern and practice investigations under section 210401(d) of the Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994 (). 34 U.S.C. 12601
- (2) Application
- A State seeking a grant under paragraph (1) shall submit an application in such form, at such time, and containing such information as the Attorney General may require.
- (a) In general
- (1) Definitions
- In this subsection:
- (A) Independent investigation
- The term
independent investigation means a criminal investigation or prosecution of a law enforcement officer’s use of deadly force, including one or more of the following:
- (i) Using an agency or civilian review board that investigates and independently reviews all allegations of use of deadly force made against law enforcement officers in the jurisdiction.
- (ii) Assigning of the attorney general of the State in which the alleged use of deadly force was committed to conduct the criminal investigation and prosecution.
- (iii) Adopting a procedure under which an independent prosecutor is assigned to investigate and prosecute the case, including a procedure under which an automatic referral is made to an independent prosecutor appointed and overseen by the attorney general of the State in which the alleged use of deadly force was committed.
- (iv) Adopting a procedure under which an independent prosecutor is assigned to investigate and prosecute the case.
- (v) Having law enforcement agencies agree to and implement memoranda of understanding with other law enforcement agencies under which the other law enforcement agencies—
- shall conduct the criminal investigation into the alleged use of deadly force; and
- upon conclusion of the criminal investigation, shall file a report with the attorney general of the State containing a determination regarding whether—
- the use of deadly force was appropriate; and
- any action should be taken by the attorney general of the State.
- (vi) Any substantially similar procedure to ensure impartiality in the investigation or prosecution.
- (B) Independent investigation of law enforcement statute
- The term
independent investigation of law enforcement statute means a statute requiring an independent investigation in a criminal matter in which—
- (i) one or more of the possible defendants is a law enforcement officer;
- (ii) one or more of the alleged offenses involves the law enforcement officer’s use of deadly force in the course of carrying out that officer’s duty; and
- (iii) the non-Federal law enforcement officer’s use of deadly force resulted in a death or injury.
- (C) Independent prosecutor
- The term
independent prosecutor means, with respect to a criminal investigation or prosecution of a law enforcement officer’s use of deadly force, a prosecutor who—
- (i) does not oversee or regularly rely on the law enforcement agency by which the law enforcement officer under investigation is employed; and
- (ii) would not be involved in the prosecution in the ordinary course of that prosecutor’s duties.
This subtitle may be cited as the Law Enforcement Trust and Integrity Act of 2025.
In this subtitle:
- The term
community-based organization means a grassroots organization that monitors the issue of police misconduct and that has a local or national presence and membership, such as the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU), UnidosUS, the National Urban League, the National Congress of American Indians, or the National Asian Pacific American Legal Consortium (NAPALC).
- The term
law enforcement accreditation organization means a professional law enforcement organization involved in the development of standards of accreditation for law enforcement agencies at the national, State, regional, or Tribal level, such as the Commission on Accreditation for Law Enforcement Agencies (CALEA).
- The term
law enforcement agency means a State, local, Indian tribal, or campus public agency engaged in the prevention, detection, investigation, prosecution, or adjudication of violations of criminal laws.
- The term
professional law enforcement association means a law enforcement membership association that works for the needs of Federal, State, local, or Indian tribal law enforcement agencies and with the civilian community on matters of common interest, such as the Hispanic American Police Command Officers Association (HAPCOA), the National Asian Pacific Officers Association (NAPOA), the National Black Police Association (NBPA), the National Latino Peace Officers Association (NLPOA), the National Organization of Black Law Enforcement Executives (NOBLE), Women in Law Enforcement, the Native American Law Enforcement Association (NALEA), the International Association of Chiefs of Police (IACP), the National Sheriffs’ Association (NSA), the Fraternal Order of Police (FOP), or the National Association of School Resource Officers.
- The term
professional civilian oversight organization means a membership organization formed to address and advance civilian oversight of law enforcement and whose members are from Federal, State, regional, local, or Tribal organizations that review issues or complaints against law enforcement agencies or officers, such as the National Association for Civilian Oversight of Law Enforcement (NACOLE).
- (a) Standards
- (1) Initial analysis
- The Attorney General shall perform an initial analysis of existing accreditation standards and methodology developed by law enforcement accreditation organizations nationwide, including national, State, regional, and Tribal accreditation organizations. Such an analysis shall include a review of the recommendations of the Final Report of the President's Taskforce on 21st Century Policing, issued by the Department of Justice, in May 2015.
- (2) Development of uniform standards
- After completion of the initial review and analysis under paragraph (1), the Attorney General shall—
- recommend, in consultation with law enforcement accreditation organizations and community-based organizations, the adoption of additional standards that will result in greater community accountability of law enforcement agencies and an increased focus on policing with a guardian mentality, including standards relating to—
- (i) early warning systems and related intervention programs;
- (ii) use of force procedures;
- (iii) civilian review procedures;
- (iv) traffic and pedestrian stop and search procedures;
- (v) data collection and transparency;
- (vi) administrative due process requirements;
- (vii) video monitoring technology;
- (viii) youth justice and school safety; and
- (ix) recruitment, hiring, and training; and
- recommend additional areas for the development of national standards for the accreditation of law enforcement agencies in consultation with existing law enforcement accreditation organizations, professional law enforcement associations, labor organizations, community-based organizations, and professional civilian oversight organizations.
- (3) Continuing accreditation process
- The Attorney General shall adopt policies and procedures to partner with law enforcement accreditation organizations, professional law enforcement associations, labor organizations, community-based organizations, and professional civilian oversight organizations to—
- continue the development of further accreditation standards consistent with paragraph (2); and
- encourage the pursuit of accreditation of Federal, State, local, and Tribal law enforcement agencies by certified law enforcement accreditation organizations.
- (b) Use of funds requirements
- Section 502(a) of title I of the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968 () is amended by adding at the end the following: 34 U.S.C. 10153(a)
- An assurance that, for each fiscal year covered by an application, the applicant will use not less than 5 percent of the total amount of the grant award for the fiscal year to assist law enforcement agencies of the applicant, including campus public safety departments, gain or maintain accreditation from certified law enforcement accreditation organizations in accordance with section 113 of the Law Enforcement Trust and Integrity Act of 2025.
- (a) Use of funds requirements
- Section 502(a) of title I of the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968 (), as amended by section 113, is amended by adding at the end the following: 34 U.S.C. 10153(a)
- An assurance that, for each fiscal year covered by an application, the applicant will use not less than 5 percent of the total amount of the grant award for the fiscal year to study and implement effective management, training, recruiting, hiring, and oversight standards and programs to promote effective community and problem-solving strategies for law enforcement agencies in accordance with section 114 of the Law Enforcement Trust and Integrity Act of 2025.
- (b) Grant program for community organizations
- The Attorney General may make grants to community-based organizations to study and implement—
- effective management, training, recruiting, hiring, and oversight standards and programs to promote effective community and problem-solving strategies for law enforcement agencies; or
- effective strategies and solutions to public safety, including strategies that do not rely on Federal and local law enforcement agency responses.
- (c) Use of funds
- Grant amounts described in paragraph (8) of section 502(a) of title I of the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968 (), as added by subsection (a) of this section, and grant amounts awarded under subsection (b) shall be used to— 34 U.S.C. 10153(a)
- study management and operations standards for law enforcement agencies, including standards relating to administrative due process, residency requirements, compensation and benefits, use of force, racial profiling, early warning and intervention systems, youth justice, school safety, civilian review boards or analogous procedures, or research into the effectiveness of existing programs, projects, or other activities designed to address misconduct; and
- develop pilot programs and implement effective standards and programs in the areas of training, hiring and recruitment, and oversight that are designed to improve management and address misconduct by law enforcement officers.
- (d) Components of pilot program
- A pilot program developed under subsection (c)(2) shall include implementation of the following:
- (1) Training
- The implementation of policies, practices, and procedures addressing training and instruction to comply with accreditation standards in the areas of—
- the use of deadly force, less lethal force, and deescalation tactics and techniques;
- investigation of officer misconduct and practices and procedures for referring to prosecuting authorities allegations of officer use of excessive force or racial profiling;
- disproportionate contact by law enforcement with minority communities;
- (a) Study
- (1) In general
- The Attorney General shall conduct a nationwide study of the prevalence and effect of any law, rule, or procedure that allows a law enforcement officer to delay the response to questions posed by a local internal affairs officer, or review board on the investigative integrity and prosecution of law enforcement misconduct, including pre-interview warnings and termination policies.
- (2) Initial analysis
- The Attorney General shall perform an initial analysis of existing State laws, rules, and procedures to determine whether, at a threshold level, the effect of the type of law, rule, or procedure that raises material investigatory issues that could impair or hinder a prompt and thorough investigation of possible misconduct, including criminal conduct.
- (3) Data collection
- After completion of the initial analysis under paragraph (2), and considering material investigatory issues, the Attorney General shall gather additional data nationwide on similar laws, rules, and procedures from a representative and statistically significant sample of jurisdictions, to determine whether such laws, rules, and procedures raise such material investigatory issues.
- (b) Reporting
- (1) Initial analysis
- Not later than 120 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Attorney General shall—
- submit to Congress a report containing the results of the initial analysis conducted under subsection (a)(2);
- make the report submitted under subparagraph (A) available to the public; and
- identify the jurisdictions for which the study described in subsection (a)(3) is to be conducted.
- (2) Data collected
- Not later than 2 years after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Attorney General shall submit to Congress a report containing the results of the data collected under this section and publish the report in the Federal Register.
There are authorized to be appropriated for fiscal year 2026, in addition to any other sums authorized to be appropriated—
- $25,000,000 for additional expenses relating to the enforcement of section 210401 of the Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994 (), criminal enforcement under sections 241 and 242 of title 18, United States Code, and administrative enforcement by the Department of Justice of such sections, including compliance with consent decrees or judgments entered into under such section 210401; and 34 U.S.C. 12601
- $3,300,000 for additional expenses related to conflict resolution by the Department of Justice’s Community Relations Service.
- (a) Establishment
- There is established within the Department of Justice a task force to be known as the
Task Force on Law Enforcement Oversight (hereinafter in this section referred to as the ).
- (b) Composition
- The Task Force shall be composed of individuals appointed by the Attorney General, who shall appoint not less than 1 individual from each of the following:
- The Special Litigation Section of the Civil Rights Division.
- The Criminal Section of the Civil Rights Division.
- The Federal Coordination and Compliance Section of the Civil Rights Division.
- The Employment Litigation Section of the Civil Rights Division.
- The Disability Rights Section of the Civil Rights Division.
- The Office of Justice Programs.
- The Office of Community Oriented Policing Services (COPS).
- The Corruption/Civil Rights Section of the Federal Bureau of Investigation.
- The Community Relations Service.
- The Office of Tribal Justice.
- The unit within the Department of Justice assigned as a liaison for civilian review boards.
- (c) Powers and duties
- The Task Force shall consult with professional law enforcement associations, labor organizations, and community-based organizations to coordinate the process of the detection and referral of complaints regarding incidents of alleged law enforcement misconduct.
- (d) Authorization of appropriations
- There are authorized to be appropriated $5,000,000 for each fiscal year to carry out this section.
- (a) Agencies To report
- Each Federal, State, Tribal, and local law enforcement agency shall report data of the practices enumerated in subsection (c) of that agency to the Attorney General.
- (b) Breakdown of information by race, ethnicity, and gender
- For each practice enumerated in subsection (c), the reporting law enforcement agency shall provide a breakdown of the numbers of incidents of that practice by race, ethnicity, age, and gender of the officers of the agency and of members of the public involved in the practice.
- (c) Practices To be reported on
- The practices to be reported on are the following:
- Traffic violation stops.
- Pedestrian stops.
- Frisk and body searches.
- Instances where law enforcement officers used deadly force, including—
- a description of when and where deadly force was used, and whether it resulted in death;
- a description of deadly force directed against an officer and whether it resulted in injury or death; and
- the law enforcement agency’s justification for use of deadly force, if the agency determines it was justified.
- (d) Retention of data
- Each law enforcement agency required to report data under this section shall maintain records relating to any matter reported for not less than 4 years after those records are created.
- (e) Penalty for States failing To report as required
- (1) In general
- For any fiscal year, a State shall not receive any amount that would otherwise be allocated to that State under section 505(a) of title I of the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968 (), or any amount from any other law enforcement assistance program of the Department of Justice, unless the State has ensured, to the satisfaction of the Attorney General, that the State and each local law enforcement agency of the State is in substantial compliance with the requirements of this section. 34 U.S.C. 10156(a)
- (2) Reallocation
- Amounts not allocated by reason of this subsection shall be reallocated to States not disqualified by failure to comply with this section.
- (f) Regulations
- The Attorney General shall prescribe regulations to carry out this section.
- (a) In general
- Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the Attorney General shall establish a National Police Misconduct Registry to be compiled and maintained by the Department of Justice.
- (b) Contents of registry
- The Registry required to be established under subsection (a) shall contain the following data with respect to all Federal and local law enforcement officers:
- Each complaint filed against a law enforcement officer, aggregated by—
- complaints that were found to be credible or that resulted in disciplinary action against the law enforcement officer, disaggregated by whether the complaint involved a use of force or racial profiling (as such term is defined in section 302);
- complaints that are pending review, disaggregated by whether the complaint involved a use of force or racial profiling; and
- complaints for which the law enforcement officer was exonerated or that were determined to be unfounded or not sustained, disaggregated by whether the complaint involved a use of force or racial profiling.
- Discipline records, disaggregated by whether the complaint involved a use of force or racial profiling.
- Termination records, the reason for each termination, disaggregated by whether the complaint involved a use of force or racial profiling.
- Records of certification in accordance with section 202.
- Records of lawsuits against law enforcement officers and settlements of such lawsuits.
- Instances where a law enforcement officer resigns or retires while under active investigation related to the use of force.
- (c) Federal agency reporting requirements
- Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act, and every 6 months thereafter, the head of each Federal law enforcement agency shall submit to the Attorney General the information described in subsection (b).
- (d) State and local law enforcement agency reporting requirements
- Beginning in the first fiscal year that begins after the date that is one year after the date of enactment of this Act and each fiscal year thereafter in which a State receives funds under the Byrne grant program, the State shall, once every 180 days, submit to the Attorney General the information described in subsection (b) for the State and each local law enforcement agency within the State.
- (e) Public availability of registry
- (1) In general
- In establishing the Registry required under subsection (a), the Attorney General shall make the Registry available to the public on an internet website of the Attorney General in a manner that allows members of the public to search for an individual law enforcement officer’s records of misconduct, as described in subsection (b), involving a use of force or racial profiling.
- (a) In general
- Beginning in the first fiscal year that begins after the date that is one year after the date of the enactment of this Act, a State or unit of local government, other than an Indian Tribe, may not receive funds under the Byrne grant program for that fiscal year if, on the day before the first day of the fiscal year, the State or unit of local government has not—
- submitted to the Attorney General evidence that the State or unit of local government has a certification and decertification program for purposes of employment as a law enforcement officer in that State or unit of local government that is consistent with the rules made under subsection (c); and
- submitted to the National Police Misconduct Registry established under section 201 records demonstrating that all law enforcement officers of the State or unit of local government have completed all State certification requirements during the 1-year period preceding the fiscal year.
- (b) Availability of information
- The Attorney General shall make available to law enforcement agencies all information in the registry under section 201 for purposes of compliance with the certification and decertification programs described in subsection (a)(1) and considering applications for employment.
- (c) Rules
- The Attorney General shall make rules to carry out this section and section 201, including uniform reporting standards.
This subtitle may be cited as the or the .
In this subtitle:
- The term
local educational agency has the meaning given the term in section 8101 of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 (). 20 U.S.C. 7801
- The term
local law enforcement officer has the meaning given the term in section 2, and includes a school resource officer.
- The term
school means an elementary school or secondary school (as those terms are defined in section 8101 of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 ()). 20 U.S.C. 7801
- The term
school resource officer means a sworn law enforcement officer who is—
- (a) Reporting requirements
- (1) In general
- Beginning in the first fiscal year that begins after the date that is one year after the date of enactment of this Act and each fiscal year thereafter in which a State or Indian Tribe receives funds under a Byrne grant program, the State or Indian Tribe shall—
- report to the Attorney General, on a quarterly basis and pursuant to guidelines established by the Attorney General, information regarding—
- (i) any incident involving the use of deadly force against a civilian by—
- a local law enforcement officer who is employed by the State or by a unit of local government in the State; or
- a tribal law enforcement officer who is employed by the Indian Tribe;
- (ii) any incident involving the shooting of a local law enforcement officer or tribal law enforcement officer described in clause (i) by a civilian;
- (iii) any incident involving the death or arrest of a local law enforcement officer or tribal law enforcement officer;
- (iv) any incident during which use of force by or against a local law enforcement officer or tribal law enforcement officer described in clause (i) occurs, which is not reported under clause (i), (ii), or (iii);
- (v) deaths in custody; and
- (vi) uses of force in arrests and booking;
- establish a system and a set of policies to ensure that all use of force incidents are reported by local law enforcement officers or tribal law enforcement officers; and
- submit to the Attorney General a plan for the collection of data required to be reported under this section, including any modifications to a previously submitted data collection plan.
- (2) Report information required
- (A) In general
- The report required under paragraph (1)(A) shall contain information that includes, at a minimum—
- (i) the national origin, sex, race, ethnicity, age, disability, English language proficiency, and housing status of each civilian against whom a local law enforcement officer or tribal law enforcement officer used force;
- (ii) the date, time, and location, including whether it was on school grounds, and the zip code, of the incident and whether the jurisdiction in which the incident occurred allows for the open-carry or concealed-carry of a firearm;
- (iii) whether the civilian was armed, and, if so, the type of weapon the civilian had;
- (iv) the type of force used against the officer, the civilian, or both, including the types of weapons used;
- (v) the reason force was used;
- (vi) a description of any injuries sustained as a result of the incident;
- (vii) the number of officers involved in the incident;
- (viii) the number of civilians involved in the incident; and
- (ix) a brief description regarding the circumstances surrounding the incident, which shall include information on—
- (a) Technical assistance grants authorized
- The Attorney General may make grants to eligible law enforcement agencies to be used for the activities described in subsection (c).
- (b) Eligibility
- In order to be eligible to receive a grant under this section a law enforcement agency shall—
- be a tribal law enforcement agency or be located in a State that receives funds under a Byrne grant program;
- employ not more that 100 local or tribal law enforcement officers;
- demonstrate that the use of force policy for local law enforcement officers or tribal law enforcement officers employed by the law enforcement agency is publicly available; and
- establish and maintain a complaint system that—
- may be used by members of the public to report incidents of use of force to the law enforcement agency;
- makes all information collected publicly searchable and available; and
- provides information on the status of an investigation related to a use of force complaint.
- (c) Activities described
- A grant made under this section may be used by a law enforcement agency for—
- the cost of assisting the State or Indian Tribe in which the law enforcement agency is located in complying with the reporting requirements described in section 223;
- the cost of establishing necessary systems required to investigate and report incidents as required under subsection (b)(4);
- public awareness campaigns designed to gain information from the public on use of force by or against local and tribal law enforcement officers, including shootings, which may include tip lines, hotlines, and public service announcements; and
- use-of-force training for law enforcement agencies and personnel, including training on deescalation, implicit bias, crisis intervention techniques, and adolescent development.
- (a) In general
- Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act, and each year thereafter, the Attorney General shall conduct an audit and review of the information provided under this subtitle to determine whether each State or Indian Tribe described in section 223(a)(1) is in compliance with the requirements of this subtitle.
- (b) Consistency in data reporting
- (1) In general
- Any data reported under this subtitle shall be collected and reported—
- in a manner consistent with existing programs of the Department of Justice that collect data on local law enforcement officer encounters with civilians; and
- in a manner consistent with civil rights laws for distribution of information to the public.
- (2) Guidelines
- Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act, the Attorney General shall—
- issue guidelines on the reporting requirement under section 223; and
- seek public comment before finalizing the guidelines required under subparagraph (A).
The head of each Federal law enforcement agency shall submit to the Attorney General, on a quarterly basis and pursuant to guidelines established by the Attorney General, the information required to be reported by a State or Indian Tribe under section 223.
There are authorized to be appropriated to the Attorney General such sums as are necessary to carry out this subtitle.
This subtitle may be cited as the or .
In this subtitle:
- The term
covered program means any program or activity funded in whole or in part with funds made available under—
- The term
governmental body means any department, agency, special purpose district, or other instrumentality of Federal, State, local, or Indian Tribal government.
- The term
hit rate means the percentage of stops and searches in which a law enforcement agent finds drugs, a gun, or something else that leads to an arrest. The hit rate is calculated by dividing the total number of searches by the number of searches that yield contraband. The hit rate is complementary to the rate of false stops.
- The term
law enforcement agency means any Federal, State, or local public agency engaged in the prevention, detection, or investigation of violations of criminal, immigration, or customs laws.
- The term
law enforcement agent means any Federal, State, or local official responsible for enforcing criminal, immigration, or customs laws, including police officers and other agents of a law enforcement agency.
- The term
routine or spontaneous investigatory activities means the following activities by a law enforcement agent:
- The term
reasonable request means all requests for information, except for those that—
No law enforcement agent or law enforcement agency shall engage in racial profiling.
- (a) Remedy
- The United States, or an individual injured by racial profiling, may enforce this part in a civil action for declaratory or injunctive relief, filed either in a State court of general jurisdiction or in a district court of the United States.
- (b) Parties
- In any action brought under this part, relief may be obtained against—
- any governmental body that employed any law enforcement agent who engaged in racial profiling;
- any agent of such body who engaged in racial profiling; and
- any person with supervisory authority over such agent.
- (c) Nature of proof
- Proof that the routine or spontaneous investigatory activities of law enforcement agents in a jurisdiction have had a disparate impact on individuals with a particular characteristic described in section 302(6) shall constitute prima facie evidence of a violation of this part.
- (d) Attorney’s fees
- In any action or proceeding to enforce this part against any governmental body, the court may allow a prevailing plaintiff, other than the United States, reasonable attorney’s fees as part of the costs, and may include expert fees as part of the attorney’s fee. The term
prevailing plaintiff means a plaintiff that substantially prevails pursuant to a judicial or administrative judgment or order, or an enforceable written agreement.
- (a) In general
- Federal law enforcement agencies shall—
- maintain adequate policies and procedures designed to eliminate racial profiling; and
- cease existing practices that permit racial profiling.
- (b) Policies
- The policies and procedures described in shall include—
- a prohibition on racial profiling;
- training on racial profiling issues as part of Federal law enforcement training;
- the collection of data in accordance with the regulations issued by the Attorney General under section 341;
- procedures for receiving, investigating, and responding meaningfully to complaints alleging racial profiling by law enforcement agents; and
- any other policies and procedures the Attorney General determines to be necessary to eliminate racial profiling by Federal law enforcement agencies.
- (a) In general
- An application by a State or a unit of local government for funding under a covered program shall include a certification that such State, unit of local government, and any law enforcement agency to which it will distribute funds—
- maintains adequate policies and procedures designed to eliminate racial profiling; and
- has eliminated any existing practices that permit or encourage racial profiling.
- (b) Policies
- The policies and procedures described in shall include—
- a prohibition on racial profiling;
- training on racial profiling issues as part of law enforcement training;
- the collection of data in accordance with the regulations issued by the Attorney General under section 341; and
- participation in an administrative complaint procedure or independent audit program that meets the requirements of .
- (c) Effective date
- This section shall take effect 12 months after the date of enactment of this Act.
- (a) Regulations
- (1) In general
- Not later than 6 months after the date of enactment of this Act and in consultation with stakeholders, including Federal, State, and local law enforcement agencies and community, professional, research, and civil rights organizations, the Attorney General shall issue regulations for the operation of administrative complaint procedures and independent audit programs to ensure that such procedures and programs provide an appropriate response to allegations of racial profiling by law enforcement agents or agencies.
- (2) Guidelines
- The regulations issued under shall contain guidelines that ensure the fairness, effectiveness, and independence of the administrative complaint procedures and independent auditor programs.
- (b) Noncompliance
- If the Attorney General determines that the recipient of a grant from any covered program is not in compliance with the requirements of or the regulations issued under , the Attorney General shall withhold, in whole or in part (at the discretion of the Attorney General), funds for one or more grants to the recipient under the covered program, until the recipient establishes compliance.
- (c) Private parties
- The Attorney General shall provide notice and an opportunity for private parties to present evidence to the Attorney General that a recipient of a grant from any covered program is not in compliance with the requirements of this part.
- (a) Technical assistance grants for data collection
- (1) In general
- The Attorney General may, through competitive grants or contracts, carry out a 2-year demonstration project for the purpose of developing and implementing data collection programs on the hit rates for stops and searches by law enforcement agencies. The data collected shall be disaggregated by race, ethnicity, national origin, gender, and religion.
- (2) Number of grants
- The Attorney General shall provide not more than 5 grants or contracts under this section.
- (3) Eligible grantees
- Grants or contracts under this section shall be awarded to law enforcement agencies that serve communities where there is a significant concentration of racial or ethnic minorities and that are not already collecting data voluntarily.
- (b) Required activities
- Activities carried out with a grant under this section shall include—
- developing a data collection tool and reporting the compiled data to the Attorney General; and
- training of law enforcement personnel on data collection, particularly for data collection on hit rates for stops and searches.
- (c) Evaluation
- Not later than 3 years after the date of enactment of this Act, the Attorney General shall enter into a contract with an institution of higher education (as defined in section 101 of the Higher Education Act of 1965 ()) to analyze the data collected by each of the grantees funded under this section. 20 U.S.C. 1001
- (d) Authorization of appropriations
- There are authorized to be appropriated to carry out activities under this section—
- $5,000,000, over a 2-year period, to carry out the demonstration program under ; and
- $500,000 to carry out the evaluation under .
- (a) Use of funds requirements
- Section 502(a) of title I of the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968 (), as amended by sections 113 and 114, is amended by adding at the end the following: 34 U.S.C. 10153(a)
- An assurance that, for each fiscal year covered by an application, the applicant will use not less than 10 percent of the total amount of the grant award for the fiscal year to develop and implement best practice devices and systems to eliminate racial profiling in accordance with section 334 of the .
- (b) Development of best practices
- Grant amounts described in paragraph (9) of section 502(a) of title I of the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968 (), as added by subsection (a) of this section, shall be for programs that include the following: 34 U.S.C. 10153(a)
- The development and implementation of training to prevent racial profiling and to encourage more respectful interaction with the public.
- The acquisition and use of technology to facilitate the accurate collection and analysis of data.
- The development and acquisition of feedback systems and technologies that identify law enforcement agents or units of agents engaged in, or at risk of engaging in, racial profiling or other misconduct.
- The establishment and maintenance of an administrative complaint procedure or independent auditor program.
There are authorized to be appropriated to the Attorney General such sums as are necessary to carry out this part.
- (a) Regulations
- Not later than 6 months after the date of enactment of this Act, the Attorney General, in consultation with stakeholders, including Federal, State, and local law enforcement agencies and community, professional, research, and civil rights organizations, shall issue regulations for the collection and compilation of data under sections 321 and 331.
- (b) Requirements
- The regulations issued under shall—
- provide for the collection of data on all routine and spontaneous investigatory activities;
- provide that the data collected shall—
- be disaggregated by race, ethnicity, national origin, gender, disability, and religion;
- include the date, time, and location of such investigatory activities;
- include detail sufficient to permit an analysis of whether a law enforcement agency is engaging in racial profiling; and
- not include personally identifiable information;
- provide that a standardized form shall be made available to law enforcement agencies for the submission of collected data to the Department of Justice;
- provide that law enforcement agencies shall compile data on the standardized form made available under , and submit the form to the Civil Rights Division and the Department of Justice Bureau of Justice Statistics;
- provide that law enforcement agencies shall maintain all data collected under this subtitle for not less than 4 years;
- include guidelines for setting comparative benchmarks, consistent with best practices, against which collected data shall be measured;
- provide that the Department of Justice Bureau of Justice Statistics shall—
- analyze the data for any statistically significant disparities, including—
- (i) disparities in the percentage of drivers or pedestrians stopped relative to the proportion of the population passing through the neighborhood;
- (ii) disparities in the hit rate; and
- (iii) disparities in the frequency of searches performed on racial or ethnic minority drivers and the frequency of searches performed on nonminority drivers; and
- not later than 3 years after the date of enactment of this Act, and annually thereafter—
- (i) prepare a report regarding the findings of the analysis conducted under ;
- (ii) provide such report to Congress; and
- (iii) make such report available to the public, including on a website of the Department of Justice, and in accordance with accessibility standards under the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 (); and 42 U.S.C. 12101 et seq.
- protect the privacy of individuals whose data is collected by—
- limiting the use of the data collected under this subtitle to the purposes set forth in this subtitle;
- except as otherwise provided in this subtitle, limiting access to the data collected under this subtitle to those Federal, State, or local employees or agents who require such access in order to fulfill the purposes for the data set forth in this subtitle;
The Director of the Bureau of Justice Statistics of the Department of Justice shall provide to Congress and make available to the public, together with each annual report described in , the data collected pursuant to this subtitle, excluding any personally identifiable information described in section 343.
The name or identifying information of a law enforcement agent, complainant, or any other individual involved in any activity for which data is collected and compiled under this subtitle shall not be—
- released to the public;
- disclosed to any person, except for—
- such disclosures as are necessary to comply with this subtitle;
- disclosures of information regarding a particular person to that person; or
- disclosures pursuant to litigation; or
- subject to disclosure under section 552 of title 5, United States Code (commonly known as the Freedom of Information Act), except for disclosures of information regarding a particular person to that person.
- (a) Regulations
- In addition to the regulations required under sections 333 and 341, the Attorney General shall issue such other regulations as the Attorney General determines are necessary to implement this subtitle.
- (b) Reports
- (1) In general
- Not later than 2 years after the date of enactment of this Act, and annually thereafter, the Attorney General shall submit to Congress a report on racial profiling by law enforcement agencies.
- (2) Scope
- Each report submitted under shall include—
- a summary of data collected under sections 321(b)(3) and 331(b)(3) and from any other reliable source of information regarding racial profiling in the United States;
- a discussion of the findings in the most recent report prepared by the Department of Justice Bureau of Justice Statistics under section 341(b)(7);
- the status of the adoption and implementation of policies and procedures by Federal law enforcement agencies under section 321 and by the State and local law enforcement agencies under sections 331 and 332; and
- a description of any other policies and procedures that the Attorney General believes would facilitate the elimination of racial profiling.
- (a) In general
- The Attorney General shall establish—
- a training program for law enforcement officers to cover racial profiling, implicit bias, and procedural justice; and
- a clear duty for Federal law enforcement officers to intervene in cases where another law enforcement officer is using excessive force against a civilian, and establish a training program that covers the duty to intervene.
- (b) Mandatory training for Federal law enforcement officers
- The head of each Federal law enforcement agency shall require each Federal law enforcement officer employed by the agency to complete the training programs established under subsection (a).
- (c) Limitation on eligibility for funds
- Beginning in the first fiscal year that begins after the date that is one year after the date of enactment of this Act, a State or unit of local government may not receive funds under the Byrne grant program for a fiscal year if, on the day before the first day of the fiscal year, the State or unit of local government does not require each law enforcement officer in the State or unit of local government to complete the training programs established under subsection (a).
- (d) Grants To train law enforcement officers on use of force
- Section 501(a)(1) of title I of the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968 () is amended by adding at the end the following: 34 U.S.C. 10152(a)(1)
- Training programs for law enforcement officers, including training programs on use of force and a duty to intervene.
- (a) Ban on Federal warrants in drug cases
- Section 509 of the Controlled Substances Act () is amended by adding at the end the following: .
A search warrant authorized under this section shall require that a law enforcement officer execute the search warrant only after providing notice of his or her authority and purpose. 21 U.S.C. 879
- (b) Limitation on eligibility for funds
- Beginning in the first fiscal year that begins after the date that is one year after the date of enactment of this Act, a State or unit of local government may not receive funds under the COPS grant program for a fiscal year if, on the day before the first day of the fiscal year, the State or unit of local government does not have in effect a law that prohibits the issuance of a no-knock warrant in a drug case.
- (c) Definition
- In this section, the term
no-knock warrant means a warrant that allows a law enforcement officer to enter a property without requiring the law enforcement officer to announce the presence of the law enforcement officer or the intention of the law enforcement officer to enter the property.
- (a) Definition
- In this section, the term
chokehold or carotid hold means the application of any pressure to the throat or windpipe, the use of maneuvers that restrict blood or oxygen flow to the brain, or carotid artery restraints that prevent or hinder breathing or reduce intake of air of an individual.
- (b) Limitation on eligibility for funds
- Beginning in the first fiscal year that begins after the date that is one year after the date of enactment of this Act, a State or unit of local government may not receive funds under the Byrne grant program or the COPS grant program for a fiscal year if, on the day before the first day of the fiscal year, the State or unit of local government does not have in effect a law that prohibits law enforcement officers in the State or unit of local government from using a chokehold or carotid hold.
- (c) Chokeholds as civil rights violations
- (1) Short title
- This subsection may be cited as the .
Eric Garner Excessive Use of Force Prevention Act
- (2) Chokeholds as civil rights violations
- Section 242 of title 18, United States Code, as amended by section 101, is amended by adding at the end the following: .
For the purposes of this section, the application of any pressure to the throat or windpipe, use of maneuvers that restrict blood or oxygen flow to the brain, or carotid artery restraints which prevent or hinder breathing or reduce intake of air is a punishment, pain, or penalty.
- (a) Short title
- This section may be cited as the or the .
PEACE Act of 2025
- (b) Use of force by Federal law enforcement officers
- (1) Definitions
- In this subsection:
- (A) Deescalation tactics and techniques
- The term
deescalation tactics and techniques means proactive actions and approaches used by a Federal law enforcement officer to stabilize the situation so that more time, options, and resources are available to gain a person’s voluntary compliance and reduce or eliminate the need to use force, including verbal persuasion, warnings, tactical techniques, slowing down the pace of an incident, waiting out a subject, creating distance between the officer and the threat, and requesting additional resources to resolve the incident.
- (B) Necessary
- The term
necessary means that another reasonable Federal law enforcement officer would objectively conclude, under the totality of the circumstances, that there was no reasonable alternative to the use of force.
- (C) Reasonable alternatives
- (i) The term
reasonable alternatives means tactics and methods used by a Federal law enforcement officer to effectuate an arrest that do not unreasonably increase the risk posed to the law enforcement officer or another person, including verbal communication, distance, warnings, deescalation tactics and techniques, tactical repositioning, and other tactics and techniques intended to stabilize the situation and reduce the immediacy of the risk so that more time, options, and resources can be called upon to resolve the situation without the use of force.
- (ii) With respect to the use of deadly force, the term includes the use of less lethal force.
reasonable alternatives
- (D) Totality of the circumstances
- The term
totality of the circumstances means all credible facts known to the Federal law enforcement officer leading up to and at the time of the use of force, including the actions of the person against whom the Federal law enforcement officer uses such force and the actions of the Federal law enforcement officer.
- (2) Prohibition on less lethal force
- A Federal law enforcement officer may not use any less lethal force unless—
- the form of less lethal force used is necessary and proportional in order to effectuate an arrest of a person who the officer has probable cause to believe has committed a criminal offense; and
- reasonable alternatives to the use of the form of less lethal force have been exhausted.
- (3) Prohibition on deadly use of force
- A Federal law enforcement officer may not use deadly force against a person unless—
- (a) Findings
- Congress makes the following findings:
- Under section 2576a of title 10, United States Code, the Department of Defense is authorized to provide excess property to local law enforcement agencies. The Defense Logistics Agency administers such section by operating the Law Enforcement Support Office program.
- New and used material, including mine-resistant ambush-protected vehicles and weapons determined by the Department of Defense to be are transferred to Federal, Tribal, State, and local law enforcement agencies through the program.
military grade
- As a result local law enforcement agencies, including police and sheriff’s departments, are acquiring this material for use in their normal operations.
- As a result of the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan, military equipment purchased for, and used in, those wars has become excess property and has been made available for transfer to local and Federal law enforcement agencies.
- In fiscal year 2017, $504,000,000 worth of property was transferred to law enforcement agencies.
- More than $6,800,000,000 worth of weapons and equipment have been transferred to police organizations in all 50 States and four territories through the program.
- In May 2012, the Defense Logistics Agency instituted a moratorium on weapons transfers through the program after reports of missing equipment and inappropriate weapons transfers.
- Though the moratorium was widely publicized, it was lifted in October 2013 without adequate safeguards.
- On January 16, 2015, President Barack Obama issued Executive Order 13688 to better coordinate and regulate the Federal transfer of military weapons and equipment to State, local, and Tribal law enforcement agencies.
- In July 2017, the Government Accountability Office reported that the program’s internal controls were inadequate to prevent fraudulent applicants’ access to the program.
- On August, 28, 2017, President Donald Trump rescinded Executive Order 13688 despite a July 2017 Government Accountability Office report finding deficiencies with the administration of the 1033 program.
- As a result, Federal, State, and local law enforcement departments across the country are eligible again to acquire free weapons and equipment that could be used inappropriately during policing efforts in which people and taxpayers could be harmed.
military-grade
- The Department of Defense categorizes equipment eligible for transfer under the 1033 program as and equipment. includes weapons, explosives such as flash-bang grenades, mine-resistant ambush-protected vehicles, long-range acoustic devices, aircraft capable of being modified to carry armament that are combat-coded, and silencers, among other military grade items.
controlled uncontrolled Controlled equipment
- (b) Limitation on Department of Defense transfer of personal property to local law enforcement agencies
- (a) Byrne grants used for local task forces on public safety innovation
- Section 501(a) of the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968 (), as amended by this Act, is further amended by adding at the end the following: 34 U.S.C. 10151(a)
- (3) Local task forces on public safety innovation
- (A) In general
- A law enforcement program under paragraph (1)(A) may include the development of best practices for and the creation of local task forces on public safety innovation, charged with exploring and developing new strategies for public safety, including non-law enforcement strategies.
- (B) Definition
- The term
local task force on public safety innovation means an administrative entity, created from partnerships between community-based organizations and other local stakeholders, that may develop innovative law enforcement and non-law enforcement strategies to enhance just and equitable public safety, repair breaches of trust between law enforcement agencies and the community they pledge to serve, and enhance accountability of law enforcement officers.
- (b) Crisis Intervention Teams
- Section 501(c) of title I of the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968 () is amended by adding at the end the following: 34 U.S.C. 10152(c)
- In the case of crisis intervention teams funded under subsection (a)(1)(H), a program assessment under this subsection shall contain a report on best practices for crisis intervention.
- (c) Use of COPS grant program To hire law enforcement officers who are residents of the communities they serve
- Section 1701(b) of title I of the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968 (), as amended by this Act, is further amended— 34 U.S.C. 10381(b)
- by redesignating paragraphs (23) and (24) as paragraphs (26) and (27), respectively;
- in paragraph (26), as so redesignated, by striking
(22)and inserting (25); and
- to recruit, hire, incentivize, retain, develop, and train new, additional career law enforcement officers or current law enforcement officers who are willing to relocate to communities—
- where there are poor or fragmented relationships between police and residents of the community, or where there are high incidents of crime; and
- that are the communities that the law enforcement officers serve, or that are in close proximity to the communities that the law enforcement officers serve;
- to collect data on the number of law enforcement officers who are willing to relocate to the communities where they serve, and whether such law enforcement officer relocations have impacted crime in such communities;
- to develop and publicly report strategies and timelines to recruit, hire, promote, retain, develop, and train a diverse and inclusive law enforcement workforce, consistent with merit system principles and applicable law;
This part may be cited as the Federal Police Camera and Accountability Act.
- (a) Definitions
- In this section:
- The term
minor means any individual under 18 years of age.
- The term —
subject of the video footage
- The term
video footage means any images or audio recorded by a body camera.
- (b) Requirement To wear body camera
- (1) In general
- Federal law enforcement officers shall wear a body camera.
- (2) Requirement for body camera
- A body camera required under paragraph (1) shall—
- have a field of view at least as broad as the officer's vision; and
- be worn in a manner that maximizes the camera's ability to capture video footage of the officer's activities.
- (c) Requirement To activate
- (1) In general
- Both the video and audio recording functions of the body camera shall be activated whenever a Federal law enforcement officer is responding to a call for service or at the initiation of any other law enforcement or investigative stop (as such term is defined in section 373) between a Federal law enforcement officer and a member of the public, except that when an immediate threat to the officer's life or safety makes activating the camera impossible or dangerous, the officer shall activate the camera at the first reasonable opportunity to do so.
- (2) Allowable deactivation
- The body camera shall not be deactivated until the stop has fully concluded and the Federal law enforcement officer leaves the scene.
- (d) Notification of subject of recording
- A Federal law enforcement officer who is wearing a body camera shall notify any subject of the recording that he or she is being recorded by a body camera as close to the inception of the stop as is reasonably possible.
- (e) Requirements
- Notwithstanding subsection (c), the following shall apply to the use of a body camera:
- Prior to entering a private residence without a warrant or in nonexigent circumstances, a Federal law enforcement officer shall ask the occupant if the occupant wants the officer to discontinue use of the officer's body camera. If the occupant responds affirmatively, the Federal law enforcement officer shall immediately discontinue use of the body camera.
- When interacting with an apparent crime victim, a Federal law enforcement officer shall, as soon as practicable, ask the apparent crime victim if the apparent crime victim wants the officer to discontinue use of the officer's body camera. If the apparent crime victim responds affirmatively, the Federal law enforcement officer shall immediately discontinue use of the body camera.
- When interacting with a person seeking to anonymously report a crime or assist in an ongoing law enforcement investigation, a Federal law enforcement officer shall, as soon as practicable, ask the person seeking to remain anonymous, if the person seeking to remain anonymous wants the officer to discontinue use of the officer's body camera. If the person seeking to remain anonymous responds affirmatively, the Federal law enforcement officer shall immediately discontinue use of the body camera.
- (a) Definitions
- In this section:
- The term
audio recording means the recorded conversation between a Federal law enforcement officer and a second party.
- The term
emergency lights means oscillating, rotating, or flashing lights on patrol vehicles.
- The term
enforcement or investigative stop means an action by a Federal law enforcement officer in relation to enforcement and investigation duties, including traffic stops, pedestrian stops, abandoned vehicle contacts, motorist assists, commercial motor vehicle stops, roadside safety checks, requests for identification, or responses to requests for emergency assistance.
- The term
in-car video camera means a video camera located in a patrol vehicle.
- The term
in-car video camera recording equipment means a video camera recording system located in a patrol vehicle consisting of a camera assembly, recording mechanism, and an in-car video recording medium.
- The term
recording means the process of capturing data or information stored on a recording medium as required under this section.
- The term
recording medium means any recording medium for the retention and playback of recorded audio and video including VHS, DVD, hard drive, solid state, digital, or flash memory technology.
- The term
wireless microphone means a device worn by a Federal law enforcement officer or any other equipment used to record conversations between the officer and a second party and transmitted to the recording equipment.
- (b) Requirements
- (1) In general
- Each Federal law enforcement agency shall install in-car video camera recording equipment in all patrol vehicles with a recording medium capable of recording for a period of 10 hours or more and capable of making audio recordings with the assistance of a wireless microphone.
- (2) Recording equipment requirements
- In-car video camera recording equipment with a recording medium capable of recording for a period of 10 hours or more shall record activities—
- whenever a patrol vehicle is assigned to patrol duty;
- outside a patrol vehicle whenever—
- (i) a Federal law enforcement officer assigned that patrol vehicle is conducting an enforcement or investigative stop;
- (ii) patrol vehicle emergency lights are activated or would otherwise be activated if not for the need to conceal the presence of law enforcement; or
- (iii) an officer reasonably believes recording may assist with prosecution, enhance safety, or for any other lawful purpose; and
- inside the vehicle when transporting an arrestee or when an officer reasonably believes recording may assist with prosecution, enhance safety, or for any other lawful purpose.
No camera or recording device authorized or required to be used under this part may be equipped with or employ facial recognition technology, and footage from such a camera or recording device may not be subjected to facial recognition technology.
Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act, the Comptroller General of the United States shall conduct a study on Federal law enforcement officer training, vehicle pursuits, use of force, and interaction with citizens, and submit a report on such study to—
- the Committees on the Judiciary of the House of Representatives and of the Senate;
- the Committee on Oversight and Reform of the House of Representatives; and
- the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs of the Senate.
Not later than 6 months after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Attorney General shall issue such final regulations as are necessary to carry out this part.
Nothing in this part shall be construed to impose any requirement on a Federal law enforcement officer outside of the course of carrying out that officer’s duty.
This part may be cited as the or the .
- (a) Use of funds requirements
- Section 502(a) of title I of the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968 (), as amended by section 334, is amended by adding at the end the following: 34 U.S.C. 10153(a)
- An assurance that, for each fiscal year covered by an application, the applicant will use not less than 5 percent of the total amount of the grant award for the fiscal year to develop policies and protocols in compliance with part OO.
- (b) Requirements
- Title I of the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968 () is amended by adding at the end the following: 34 U.S.C. 10101 et seq.
- (a) In general
- Grant amounts described in paragraph (10) of section 502(a) of this title—
- shall be used—
- to purchase or lease body-worn cameras for use by State, local, and tribal law enforcement officers (as defined in section 2503);
- for expenses related to the implementation of a body-worn camera program in order to deter excessive force, improve accountability and transparency of use of force by law enforcement officers, assist in responding to complaints against law enforcement officers, and improve evidence collection; and
- to implement policies or procedures to comply with the requirements described in subsection (b); and
- may not be used for expenses related to facial recognition technology.
- (b) Requirements
- A recipient of a grant under subpart 1 of part E of this title shall—
- establish policies and procedures in accordance with the requirements described in subsection (c) before law enforcement officers use of body-worn cameras;
- adopt recorded data collection and retention protocols as described in subsection (d) before law enforcement officers use of body-worn cameras;
- make the policies and protocols described in paragraphs (1) and (2) available to the public; and
- comply with the requirements for use of recorded data under subsection (f).
- (c) Required policies and procedures
- A recipient of a grant under subpart 1 of part E of this title shall—
- develop with community input and publish for public view policies and protocols for—
- the safe and effective use of body-worn cameras;
- the secure storage, handling, and destruction of recorded data collected by body-worn cameras;
- protecting the privacy rights of any individual who may be recorded by a body-worn camera;
- the release of any recorded data collected by a body-worn camera in accordance with the open records laws, if any, of the State; and
- making recorded data available to prosecutors, defense attorneys, and other officers of the court in accordance with subparagraph (E); and
This title may be cited as the Closing the Law Enforcement Consent Loophole Act of 2025.
- (a) In general
- Section 2243 of title 18, United States Code, is amended—
- in the section heading, by adding at the end the following: ;
or by any person acting under color of law
- by redesignating subsections (c) and (d) as subsections (d) and (e), respectively;
- (c) Of an individual by any person acting under color of law
- (1) In general
- Whoever, acting under color of law, knowingly engages in a sexual act with an individual, including an individual who is under arrest, in detention, or otherwise in the actual custody of any Federal law enforcement officer, shall be fined under this title, imprisoned not more than 15 years, or both.
- (2) Definition
- In this subsection, the term
sexual act has the meaning given the term in section 2246.
- by inserting after subsection (b) the following:
- In a prosecution under subsection (c), it is not a defense that the other individual consented to the sexual act.
- in subsection (d), as so redesignated, by adding at the end the following:
- (b) Clerical amendment
- The table of sections for of title 18, United States Code, is amended by amending the item related to section 2243 to read as follows: chapter 109A
- (a) In general
- Beginning in the first fiscal year that begins after the date that is one year after the date of enactment of this Act, in the case of a State or unit of local government that does not have in effect a law described in subsection (b), if that State or unit of local government that would otherwise receive funds under the COPS grant program, that State or unit of local government shall not be eligible to receive such funds. In the case of a multi-jurisdictional or regional consortium, if any member of that consortium is a State or unit of local government that does not have in effect a law described in subsection (b), if that consortium would otherwise receive funds under the COPS grant program, that consortium shall not be eligible to receive such funds.
- (b) Description of law
- A law described in this subsection is a law that—
- makes it a criminal offense for any person acting under color of law of the State or unit of local government to engage in a sexual act with an individual, including an individual who is under arrest, in detention, or otherwise in the actual custody of any law enforcement officer; and
- prohibits a person charged with an offense described in paragraph (1) from asserting the consent of the other individual as a defense.
- (c) Reporting requirement
- A State or unit of local government that receives a grant under the COPS grant program shall submit to the Attorney General, on an annual basis, information on—
- the number of reports made to law enforcement agencies in that State or unit of local government regarding persons engaging in a sexual act while acting under color of law during the previous year; and
- the disposition of each case in which sexual misconduct by a person acting under color of law was reported during the previous year.
- (a) Report by Attorney General
- Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act, and each year thereafter, the Attorney General shall submit to Congress a report containing—
- the information required to be reported to the Attorney General under section 403(b); and
- information on—
- the number of reports made, during the previous year, to Federal law enforcement agencies regarding persons engaging in a sexual act while acting under color of law; and
- the disposition of each case in which sexual misconduct by a person acting under color of law was reported.
- (b) Report by GAO
- Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act, and each year thereafter, the Comptroller General of the United States shall submit to Congress a report on any violations of section 2243(c) of title 18, United States Code, as amended by section 402, committed during the 1-year period covered by the report.
In this title, the term sexual act has the meaning given the term in section 2246 of title 18, United States Code.
If any provision of this Act, or the application of such a provision to any person or circumstance, is held to be unconstitutional, the remainder of this Act and the application of the remaining provisions of this Act to any person or circumstance shall not be affected thereby.
Nothing in this Act shall be construed—
- to limit legal or administrative remedies under section 1979 of the Revised Statutes of the United States (), section 210401 of the Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994 (), title I of the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968 (), or title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 (); 42 U.S.C. 1983; 34 U.S.C. 12601; 34 U.S.C. 10101 et seq.; 42 U.S.C. 2000d et seq.
- to affect any Federal, State, or Tribal law that applies to an Indian Tribe because of the political status of the Tribe; or
- to waive the sovereign immunity of an Indian Tribe without the consent of the Tribe.