H.R. 2590

119th CONGRESS 1st Session

To amend title XVIII of the Social Security Act to establish a demonstration program to promote collaborative treatment of mental and physical health comorbidities under the Medicare program.

IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES · April 2, 2025 · Sponsor: Mr. Boyle of Pennsylvania

H.R. 2590
- SEC. 1. Short title
- SEC. 2. Establishing a demonstration program to promote collaborative treatment of mental and physical health comorbidities under the Medicare program

SEC. 1. Short title

This Act may be cited as the Mental and Physical Health Care Comorbidities Act of 2025.

SEC. 2. Establishing a demonstration program to promote collaborative treatment of mental and physical health comorbidities under the Medicare program

Title XVIII of the Social Security Act () is amended by inserting after section 1866G the following new section: 42 U.S.C. 1395 et seq.
- (a) In general
  - Consistent with the model described in section 1115A(b)(2)(B)(xv) (relating to promoting improved quality and reduced cost by developing a collaborative of high-quality, low-cost health care institutions), the Secretary shall conduct a demonstration program (in this section referred to as the ‘program’) to test and evaluate innovations implemented by eligible hospitals (as defined in subsection (f)) in the furnishing of items and services to applicable individuals (as defined in subsection (f)) with mental and physical health comorbidities (and those at risk of developing such comorbidities), including by addressing the adverse social determinants of health that such individuals often experience.
- (b) Activities under program
  - Under the program, the Secretary shall, in coordination with eligible hospitals participating in the program—
    - identify, validate, and disseminate innovative, effective evidence-based best practices and models that improve care and outcomes for applicable individuals with mental and physical health comorbidities located in vulnerable communities, including by addressing the social determinants of health that adversely impact such individuals; and
    - assist in the identification of potential payment reforms under this title and title XIX that could more broadly effectuate such improvements.
- (c) Duration and scope
  - The program conducted under this section shall operate during the period beginning on October 1, 2025, and ending no later than September 30, 2030.
- (d) Program elements
  - (1) In general
    - An eligible hospital electing to participate in the program shall enter into an agreement with the Secretary for purposes of carrying out the activities described in subsection (b). Such an agreement shall include the plan described in paragraph (2), along with an annualized payment arrangement as described in paragraph (3) to support implementation of such plan. Such agreement shall include a requirement for the hospital to—
      - engage in the learning collaborative established under subsection (e);
      - certify that all proposed innovations under such plan will supplement and not supplant existing activities, whether by augmenting existing activities or initiating new activities; and
      - remit payments made under such arrangement to the Secretary if the Secretary determines that such hospital has not complied with the terms of such agreement.
  - (2) Program elements
    - An eligible hospital electing to participate in the program shall submit a proposed plan and associated quality metrics for review and approval by the Secretary. Such plan and metrics shall, at a minimum, address—
      - the specific innovations addressing mental and physical health comorbidities (as defined in subsection (f)) and innovations addressing social determinants of health (as defined in such subsection) that will be employed and the evidence base supporting the proposed approach;
      - the proposed target population of applicable individuals with respect to which such innovations will be employed, including a description of the extent to which such population consists of applicable individuals described in subparagraph (A), (B), or (C) of subsection (f)(1);
      - the evidence-based data supporting a community’s status as a vulnerable community through sources, such as Bureau of the Census data and measures such as the Neighborhood Deprivation Index or the Child Opportunity Index;
      - community partners, such as nonprofit organizations, federally qualified health centers, rural health clinics, and units of local government (including law enforcement and judicial entities) that will participate in the implementation of such innovations;
      - how such innovations will address mental and physical health comorbidities and social determinants of health for the target population;
      - how such innovations may inform changes in payment and other policies under this title and title XIX (such as care coordination reimbursement, mental health homes, improvements to home and community-based service portfolios, and coverage of supportive services);
      - how such innovations might contribute to a reduction in overall health care costs, including under this title and title XIX and for uninsured persons, through improvements in population health, reductions in health care utilization (such as inpatient admissions, utilization of emergency departments, and boarding of patients), and otherwise;
      - how such innovations can be expected to improve the mental and physical health status of minority populations;
      - how such innovations can be expected to reduce other non-medical public expenditures;
      - metrics to track care quality, improvement in outcomes, and the impact of such innovations on health care and other public expenditures;
      - how program outcomes will be assessed and evaluated; and
      - how the hospital will collect and organize data and fully participate in the learning collaborative established under subsection (e).
  - (3) Participation; payments
    - The Secretary shall negotiate an annualized payment arrangement with each eligible hospital participating in the program. Such arrangement may include an annual lump sum amount, capitated payment amount, or such other arrangement as determined appropriate by the Secretary, and which may include an arrangement that includes financial risk for the hospital, to support implementation of the innovations specified in the plan described in paragraph (2).
- (e) Learning collaborative
  - (1) In general
    - The Secretary shall establish a learning collaborative that shall convene eligible hospitals participating in the program and other interested parties on a regular basis to report on and share information regarding evidence-based innovations addressing mental and physical health comorbidities, innovations addressing social determinants of health, and associated metrics and outcomes.
  - (2) Focused forums
    - The Secretary may establish different focused forums within the collaborative, such as ones that specifically address different geographic regions (such as urban and rural), certain types of comorbidities, or as the Secretary otherwise determines appropriate based on the types of agreements entered into under subsection (d).
  - (3) Dissemination of information
    - The Secretary shall provide for the dissemination to other health care providers and interested parties of information on promising and effective activities.
- (f) Definitions
  - For purposes of this section:
    - The term applicable individual means an individual with mental and physical health comorbidities who is—
    - The term eligible hospital means a hospital that is—
    - The term innovations addressing mental and physical health comorbidities means innovations implemented by an eligible hospital that seek to promote holistic care and treatment of an applicable individual’s co-occurring mental and physical health comorbidities, support early detection of such comorbidities, or prevent their onset, including the following:
    - The term innovations addressing social determinants of health means innovations implemented by an eligible hospital that seek to address social determinants of health that negatively impact the health outcomes of applicable individuals, including the following:
    - The term individual with mental and physical health comorbidities means an individual who is challenged by serious mental illness or serious emotional disturbance as well as 1 or more of the following conditions or characteristics:
    - The term vulnerable community means a geographic area served by an eligible hospital characterized by a population that has a statistically significant number of individuals with mental and physical health comorbidities, indicators of poor population health status, low-income status, or status as a USDA-recognized food desert.
- (g) Evaluation and report
  - Not later than 1 year after the date of completion of the program under this section, the Secretary shall submit to Congress a report containing an evaluation of the activities supported by the program. Such report shall include the following:
    - A description of each such activity, including—
      - the target population of such activity;
      - how such activity addressed the adverse social determinants of health in such population; and
      - the role of community-based organizations and other community partners (such as nonprofits and units of local government) in such activity.
    - Evidence showing whether and how each such activity advanced any of the following objectives:
      - Improved access to care.
      - Improved quality of care.
      - Improved health outcomes.
      - Amelioration of disparities in care.
      - Improved care coordination.
      - Reduction in health care costs (including such reductions under this title and title XIX and such reductions occurring for uninsured individuals).
      - Reduction in health care utilization (including with respect to inpatient admissions, utilization of emergency departments, and room and board provided to individuals).
      - Reduction in non-medical public expenditures.
      - Changes in patient and provider satisfaction with care delivery.
      - Reductions in involvement with the justice system, including reductions in recidivism.
    - A description of the metrics used to track the implementation and results of each such activity.
    - Recommendations for any legislation or administrative action the Secretary determines appropriate.
- (h) Funding
  - Any funds appropriated under section 1115A(f) shall be available to the Secretary without further appropriation for the purposes of carrying out this section.