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Limits the President’s unilateral ability to impose new or higher import duties on national security grounds and restricts the U.S. Trade Representative’s use of Section 301 powers without prior review and approval. The bill requires the executive to send a detailed proposal and an impact report to the International Trade Commission and to consult specified congressional committees, and it makes a tariff proclamation subject to a congressional joint resolution of approval (with a single, time-limited 120-day emergency exception). For Section 301 actions, it adds parallel procedures: an ITC impact report, committee consultation, a mandatory 60-calendar-day waiting period after consultations, and a congressional disapproval mechanism that follows existing procedural rules.
The President may proclaim a new or additional national security duty on an imported article only if the conditions in this section are met (subject to the exception in subsection (c)).
Within 30 calendar days after making the national security determination that is the basis for the new or additional duty, the President must submit to the International Trade Commission (ITC) the duty proposal that includes: (A) a description of each article for which the President recommends a new or additional duty; (B) the proposed new or additional duty rate; and (C) the proposed duration of that rate.
Within 15 calendar days after submitting the duty proposal to the ITC, the President must submit to Congress a request for authorization to modify duty rates in accordance with that duty proposal, including: (A) a report by the Secretary of Defense explaining why the proposal is in the interest of national security; and (B) a report by the International Trade Commission assessing the likely impact of the proposal on the economy of the United States as a whole and specific industry sectors.
The President must consult with the Senate Committee on Finance, the Senate Committee on Armed Services, the House Committee on Ways and Means, and the House Committee on Armed Services about the duty proposal. The consultation must include: (A) the short-term and long-term goals of the proposal; (B) an action plan to achieve those goals; and (C) plans to consult with officials of countries impacted by the proposal to resolve related issues.
A joint resolution of approval under subsection (b) must be enacted before the President may proclaim the duty rates described in the request.
Who is affected and how:
Businesses and importers: Companies that import goods or sell imported products face greater uncertainty about whether the executive branch can rapidly impose new duties; proposed tariffs will be subject to longer review, ITC analysis, and possible congressional blocking. Importers may face delays in enforcement actions or, conversely, greater predictability if Congress is required to vote.
Domestic producers and affected industries (including agriculture): Industries that seek trade relief via national-security tariffs or Section 301 actions will see a higher hurdle and longer timelines for relief. Agricultural producers are explicitly given additional committee-level consultation, which may slow or alter responses affecting farm exports or imports.
Consumers: Potential tariffs and import restrictions that would raise domestic prices are less likely to be imposed quickly; consumer-facing price impacts may be delayed or avoided if Congress blocks measures.
Executive agencies (USTR, ITC, White House trade/national-security staff): These agencies will incur new procedural steps and administrative workload to prepare detailed proposals, ITC impact analyses, and to engage in statutory consultations and waiting periods. The ITC’s analytical workload is likely to increase.
Congress: Gains formal, enforceable authority to approve or block tariffs and Section 301 measures, increasing congressional influence over trade enforcement decisions and potentially politicizing responses to trade or security threats.
Foreign governments and trading partners: May experience slower or more politically mediated U.S. responses to perceived unfair trade practices or national-security concerns. The one-time emergency 120-day authority preserves some room for urgent action but limits repeated or extended unilateral use.
Risks and trade-offs:
Expand sections to see detailed analysis
Referred to the Committee on Ways and Means, and in addition to the Committee on Rules, for a period to be subsequently determined by the Speaker, in each case for consideration of such provisions as fall within the jurisdiction of the committee concerned.
Introduced April 8, 2025 by Josh S. Gottheimer · Last progress April 8, 2025
Referred to the Committee on Ways and Means, and in addition to the Committee on Rules, for a period to be subsequently determined by the Speaker, in each case for consideration of such provisions as fall within the jurisdiction of the committee concerned.
Introduced in House