S. 2222

119th CONGRESS 1st Session

To enhance the security, resilience, and protection of undersea communication cables vital to Taiwan’s national security, economic stability, and defense, particularly in countering gray zone tactics employed by the People's Republic of China, and for other purposes.

IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES · July 9, 2025 · Sponsor: Mr. Curtis · Committee: Committee on Foreign Relations

S. 2222

SEC. 1. Short title

This Act may be cited as the Taiwan Undersea Cable Resilience Initiative Act.

SEC. 2. Findings

Congress finds the following:
- Undersea communication cables (in this Act referred to as ) are critical infrastructure essential for global communication, commerce, and national security, particularly for Taiwan, whose economic and security stability relies heavily on undersea cable connectivity. undersea cables
- The Government of the People's Republic of China has increasingly used gray zone tactics to undermine the security and sovereignty of Taiwan, including suspected sabotage of undersea cables in and around Taiwan, such as the incidents involving the severing of cables around the Matsu Islands of Taiwan and other key regions in 2023 and 2025.
- Undersea cables are a primary target in the strategy of the Government of the People's Republic of China to cripple the communication capabilities of Taiwan in the event of a military conflict, as part of broader hybrid warfare tactics. Disruption of undersea cables would significantly impact the ability of Taiwan to communicate both domestically and internationally, leading to a breakdown in military, economic, and social functions.
- The vulnerability of Taiwan to attacks on undersea cables has been compounded by an increasing number of foreign vessels suspected of involvement in sabotage, including Chinese-linked vessels, which are perceived as direct threats to Taiwan's critical infrastructure.
- The ability of the Government of the People's Republic of China to disrupt or sever undersea cables is a critical element of its military strategy aimed at softening Taiwan's defenses and isolating Taiwan from international support in the event of an invasion or military confrontation.
- Recent activities by foreign adversaries, particularly the People's Republic of China, have increased the risk of sabotage and disruption to undersea cables serving Taiwan and other nations. Notably, in February 2023, the Matsu Islands of Taiwan experienced major internet disruptions due to two undersea cables being severed, with suspicions pointing toward deliberate external interference. Furthermore, in January 2025, Chunghwa Telecom reported damage to an international undersea cable and identified a —the Chinese-linked cargo ship Shunxin39—near the affected area. The Coast Guard of Taiwan has indicated concerns that that vessel may have been involved in deliberately cutting the cable. In a subsequent incident, Taiwan seized the Togo-flagged Hong Tai 58, suspected of deliberately severing an undersea cable. The Coast Guard of Taiwan acknowledged the possibility of China's involvement as part of a . suspicious vessel grey area intrusion
- Since 2023, there have been at least 11 cases of damage to undersea cables around Taiwan and a similar number in the Baltic Sea, with authorities in Taiwan and Europe suspecting Chinese and Russian involvement in several incidents, although some damages have been attributed to natural causes. Those incidents highlight the vulnerability of those critical systems to gray zone tactics and the difficulty of proving sabotage or holding perpetrators accountable.
- The sabotage of undersea cables constitutes gray zone tactics designed to destabilize and undermine international security without direct military confrontation.
- Several regional mechanisms have been established to bolster the security of undersea cables, including the Nordic Warden initiative for maritime domain awareness and the Quad Partnership for Cable Connectivity and Resilience, aimed at enhancing the security and resilience of undersea cables in the Indo-Pacific.
- To counter the threats described in this section and safeguard the resilience of Taiwan, it is imperative for the United States and its allies to take decisive action to bolster Taiwan's defenses for undersea cables and foster international cooperation to protect those critical assets.

SEC. 3. Taiwan Undersea Cable Resilience Initiative

(a) Establishment
- Not later than 360 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of State, in coordination with the Secretary of Defense, the Secretary of Homeland Security, the Commandant of the Coast Guard, and such other heads of agencies as the Secretary of State considers relevant, shall establish an initiative to be known as the (in this section referred to as the ). Taiwan Undersea Cable Resilience Initiative``
(b) Priority
- The Initiative shall prioritize the protection and resilience of undersea cables near Taiwan, with a focus on countering threats from the People's Republic of China to the critical infrastructure of Taiwan.
(c) Key focus areas
- (1) Advanced monitoring and detection capabilities
  - In carrying out the Initiative, the Secretary of State, in coordination with the Secretary of Homeland Security and the Secretary of Defense, shall develop and deploy advanced undersea cable monitoring systems for Taiwan capable of detecting disruptions or potential sabotage in real-time, including by informing Taiwan, as appropriate, of early warnings from global intelligence networks.
- (2) Rapid response protocols
  - In carrying out the Initiative, the Secretary of State shall—
    - establish rapid response protocols for repairing severed undersea cables or mitigating disruptions; and
    - work with allies of the United States to help Taiwan develop the logistical capacity to respond quickly to attacks on undersea cables and minimize downtime.
- (3) Enhancing maritime domain awareness
  - In carrying out the Initiative—
    - the Secretary of the Navy and the Commandant of the Coast Guard, in collaboration with the Coast Guard of Taiwan and regional allies, shall enhance maritime domain awareness around Taiwan, focusing on the detection of suspicious vessels or activities near critical undersea cable routes; and
    - the Commandant of the Coast Guard shall assist in joint patrols and surveillance, particularly in the Taiwan Strait and surrounding maritime zones, to monitor potential threats and prevent sabotage.
- (4) International frameworks for protection
  - (A) In general
    - In carrying out the Initiative, the Secretary of State shall seek to establish cooperative frameworks with regional allies and global partners to protect the undersea cable networks near Taiwan.
  - (B) Elements
    - The frameworks established under subparagraph (A) shall provide for participation by the United States in joint drills, intelligence-sharing platforms, and collaborative surveillance operations to enhance collective security against sabotage.
- (5) Taiwan-specific cable hardening
  - In carrying out the Initiative, the Secretary of State shall encourage and support the hardening of critical undersea cables near Taiwan, including reinforcing cables, improving burial depths, and using more resilient materials to reduce vulnerability to natural disasters and deliberate interference.

SEC. 4. Countering China’s gray zone tactics

(a) Working with partners To counter Chinese sabotage
- The President shall work with Taiwan and like-minded international partners to implement strategies that directly counter the use by the Government of the People's Republic of China of undersea cable sabotage as part of its gray zone warfare, including by increasing diplomatic pressure on that Government to adhere to international norms regarding the protection of undersea infrastructure.
(b) Raising awareness
- The President shall work with Taiwan to raise global awareness of the risks posed by interference by the Government of the People's Republic of China in undersea cables, including through public diplomacy efforts, information sharing, and international forums that address gray zone tactics and the protection of critical infrastructure.

SEC. 5. Imposition of sanctions with respect to sabotage of undersea cables

(a) In general
- The President shall impose the sanctions described in subsection (b) with respect to any person of the People's Republic of China that the President determines is responsible for or complicit in damaging undersea cables critical to the national security of Taiwan.
(b) Sanctions described
- The sanctions described in this subsection are the following:
- (1) Blocking of property
  - The President shall exercise all of the powers granted by the International Emergency Economic Powers Act () to the extent necessary to block and prohibit all transactions in all property and interests in property of a person described in subsection (a), if such property and interests in property are in the United States, come within the United States, or are or come within the possession or control of a United States person. 50 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.
- (2) Ineligibility for visas, admission, or parole
  - (A) Visas, admission, or parole
    - An alien described in subsection (a) shall be—
      - (i) inadmissible to the United States;
      - (ii) ineligible to receive a visa or other documentation to enter the United States; and
      - (iii) otherwise ineligible to be admitted or paroled into the United States or to receive any other benefit under the Immigration and Nationality Act (). 8 U.S.C. 1101 et seq.
  - (B) Current visas revoked
    - (i) The visa or other entry documentation of an alien described in subsection (a) shall be revoked, regardless of when such visa or other entry documentation is or was issued.
    - (ii) A revocation under clause (i) shall—
    - take effect immediately; and
    - automatically cancel any other valid visa or entry documentation that is in the possession of the alien.
(c) Implementation; penalties
- (1) Implementation
  - The President may exercise all authorities provided under sections 203 and 205 of the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1702 and 1704) to carry out this section.
- (2) Penalties
  - A person that violates, attempts to violate, conspires to violate, or causes a violation of this section or any regulation, license, or order issued to carry out this section shall be subject to the penalties set forth in subsections (b) and (c) of section 206 of the International Emergency Economic Powers Act () to the same extent as a person that commits an unlawful act described in subsection (a) of that section. 50 U.S.C. 1705
(d) Exceptions
- (1) Exception for intelligence activities
  - This section shall not apply with respect to activities subject to the reporting requirements under title V of the National Security Act of 1947 () or any authorized intelligence activities of the United States. 50 U.S.C. 3091 et seq.
- (2) Exception to comply with international agreements
  - Sanctions under subsection (b)(2) shall not apply with respect to the admission of an alien to the United States if such admission is necessary to comply with the obligations of the United States under the Agreement regarding the Headquarters of the United Nations, signed at Lake Success on June 26, 1947, and entered into force on November 21, 1947, between the United Nations and the United States, or the Convention on Consular Relations, done at Vienna on April 24, 1963, and entered into force on March 19, 1967, or other international obligations of the United States.
- (3) Exception relating to importation of goods
  - (A) In general
    - The authorities and requirements to impose sanctions under this section shall not include the authority or requirement to impose sanctions on the importation of goods.
  - (B) Good defined
    - In this paragraph, the term good means any article, natural or manmade substance, material, supply or manufactured product, including inspection and test equipment, and excluding technical data.
(e) Definitions
- In this section:
  - The terms , , and have the meanings given those terms in section 101 of the Immigration and Nationality Act (). admission admitted alien 8 U.S.C. 1101
  - The term person of the People's Republic of China means—
  - The term United States person means—

SEC. 6. Semiannual report

Not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, and every 180 days thereafter, the President shall submit to Congress a report detailing—
- any incidents of interference in undersea cables near Taiwan; and
- any actions taken in response to such incidents.