Sponsors (11)
The bill arms the U.S. government with stronger, more transparent tools to counter foreign trade barriers and protect domestic producers, but does so at the cost of higher prices for many consumers and businesses, greater administrative complexity, and increased risk of trade escalation and strained foreign cooperation.
Small-businesses, farmers, and U.S. producers gain stronger tools and leverage to counter foreign tariffs and nontariff barriers (reciprocal/retaliatory duties and negotiation leverage), potentially expanding exports and helping retain domestic jobs.
Businesses, stakeholders, and the public receive greater transparency, interagency consultation, and congressional oversight (notice, Federal Register publication, advisory committee input, committee consultations), improving predictability and public input on tariff actions.
Retaliatory duties are constrained by requirements to terminate them when foreign discrimination ends or when duties harm U.S. economic or public interests, limiting the risk of indefinite penalties on consumers and importers.
Consumers and businesses that rely on imports (households, manufacturers, and small firms) are likely to face higher prices and input costs if reciprocal or retaliatory duties are imposed.
Unilateral reciprocal tariff authority risks escalation and foreign retaliation, which could harm export-dependent U.S. industries, farmers, and jobs.
New reporting, duty-equivalent calculations, public comment, and consultation requirements increase administrative burden and costs for agencies, businesses, and states and can slow enforcement or implementation.
Based on analysis of 8 sections of legislative text.
Gives the President authority to negotiate reductions or impose retaliatory tariffs equal to foreign tariffs or duty-equivalents of nontariff barriers, with notice, reporting, and a congressional disapproval process.
Introduced January 24, 2025 by Riley M. Moore · Last progress January 24, 2025
Gives the President new authority to negotiate with trading partners to lower tariffs and to impose retaliatory tariffs equal to a foreign country’s tariff (or the duty-equivalent of its nontariff barriers) on specified U.S. imports when the foreign country applies higher or more burdensome trade barriers to U.S. goods. It requires notice, consultation, public comment, USTR reporting, and creates a congressional disapproval process; tariff actions are limited to an initial three-year period with one possible three-year extension.