Directly affected entities: local canal operating entities (municipalities, local water utilities, or other transferred‑works operators) will be able to request federal extraordinary operation and maintenance assistance for qualifying urban canals. Local operators benefit from an immediate nonreimbursable federal contribution equal to 35% of eligible costs and from federal advances that allow work to proceed sooner; however, they incur an obligation to repay advanced amounts. Communities served by urban canals (including residents and local businesses) stand to gain from improved canal safety, flood protection, navigation, or water management that extraordinary work may provide. Federal agencies, primarily the Department of the Interior, will take on administrative responsibilities to approve projects, advance funds, and manage repayments; the provision may create contingent federal liabilities if advances are large. Because repayments are treated as non‑Federal funds for other grant cost‑sharing, local entities can use repaid amounts to meet matching requirements on other federal grants, potentially improving leverage for comprehensive projects. The law does not appropriate funds or give detailed eligibility/priorities, so practical impact depends on available appropriations, program rules, and intergovernmental agreements. Implementation could raise questions about what qualifies as "extraordinary" work, repayment terms, and timeline, requiring further agency guidance and negotiation with local operating entities.