((a)) ** .—** It is the policy of Congress that—

((1)) an executive agency should not be required by legislation to award—

((A)) a new contract to a specific non-Federal Government entity; or

((B)) a new grant for research, development, test, or evaluation to a non-Federal Government entity; and

((2)) a program, project, or technology identified in legislation be procured or awarded through merit-based selection procedures.

((b)) ** .—** For purposes of this section—

((1)) a contract is a new contract unless the work provided for in the contract is a continuation of the work performed by the specified entity under a prior contract; and

((2)) a grant is a new grant unless the work provided for in the grant is a continuation of the work performed by the specified entity under a prior grant.

((c)) ** .—** A provision of law may not be construed as requiring a new contract or a new grant to be awarded to a specified non-Federal Government entity unless the provision of law specifically—

((1)) refers to this section;

((2)) identifies the particular non-Federal Government entity involved; and

((3)) states that the award to that entity is required by the provision of law in contravention of the policy set forth in subsection (a).

((d)) ** .—** This section does not apply to a contract or grant that calls on the National Academy of Sciences to investigate, examine, or experiment on a subject of science or art of significance to an executive agency and to report on those matters to Congress or an agency of the Federal Government.