TEXT OF AMENDMENTS

Quick facts

Record: Senate Floor
Section type: Amendments
Chamber: Senate
Date: June 18, 2026
Congress: 119th Congress
Why this source matters: This section came from the Senate floor portion of the record.

Linked context

Bills and resolutions: S. 4784 (119th Congress)
Committees: Committee on Fisheries, Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation, Committee on Armed Services

Readable version of the official text

SA 5855. Ms. ROSEN (for herself, Ms. Cortez Masto, and Mrs. Blackburn) submitted an amendment intended to be proposed by her to the bill S. 4784, to authorize appropriations for fiscal year 2027 for military activities of the Department of Defense, for military construction, and for defense activities of the Department of Energy, to prescribe military personnel strengths for such fiscal year, and for other purposes; which was ordered to lie on the table; as follows:

At the end of subtitle E of title III, add the following:

SEC. 358. CLASSIFICATION OF CERTAIN FACILITIES AS LOCATIONS

WHERE CONTAMINATION OCCURRED AND MEMBERS OF THE

ARMED FORCES WERE EXPOSED TO TOXIC SUBSTANCES.

(a) In General.—The Secretary of Defense shall classify

the following locations as a location where contamination

occurred:

(1) On and after January 27, 1951, the Nevada Test and

Training Range, including the

Nevada National Security Site (as such site is defined on May

19, 2026).

(2) Any facility on the most recent list of facilities

covered under the Energy Employees Occupational Illness

Compensation Program Act of 2000 (42 U.S.C. 7384 et seq.)

published in the Federal Register by the Secretary of Energy.

(b) Identification Process.—

(1) In general.—The Secretary of Defense shall establish a

process to identify members of the Armed Forces and former

members of the Armed Forces that were stationed at a facility

specified in subsection (a).

(2) Documentation.—The Secretary of Defense shall

establish a process to permit members of the Armed Forces and

former members of the Armed Forces to provide documentation

or evidence of their assignment at a facility specified in

subsection (a) to assist the Secretary in identifying those

members and former members under paragraph (1).

(3) Efforts.—The Secretary of Defense shall make all

efforts to identify individuals described in paragraph (1)

and shall not require members of the Armed Forces or former

members of the Armed Forces to submit evidence of their

stationing.

share with the Secretary of Veterans Affairs all information

and documentation gathered under subsection (b) in order to

provide the Secretary of Veterans Affairs with adequate

documentation of the service of members of the Armed Forces

and former members of the Armed Forces at facilities

specified in subsection (a) and any injuries, exposures, or

illnesses related to such service, for the purpose of

establishing any claim for benefits under the laws

administered by the Secretary of Veterans Affairs to which

such members and former members are legally entitled.

SA 5856. Ms. SMITH submitted an amendment intended to be proposed by her to the bill S. 4784, to authorize appropriations for fiscal year 2027 for military activities of the Department of Defense, for military construction, and for defense activities of the Department of Energy, to prescribe military personnel strengths for such fiscal year, and for other purposes; which was ordered to lie on the table; as follows:

At the appropriate place, insert the following:

SEC. . REVOCATION OF CHARTER OF INCORPORATION OF THE

LOWER SIOUX INDIAN COMMUNITY.

The request of the Lower Sioux Indian Community in the

State of Minnesota to surrender the charter of incorporation

issued to that community and ratified on July 17, 1937,

pursuant to section 17 of the Act of June 18, 1934 (commonly

known as the “Indian Reorganization Act”) (48 Stat. 988,

chapter 576; 25 U.S.C. 5124), is hereby accepted and that

charter of incorporation is hereby revoked.

SA 5857. Ms. SMITH submitted an amendment intended to be proposed by her to the bill S. 4784, to authorize appropriations for fiscal year 2027 for military activities of the Department of Defense, for military construction, and for defense activities of the Department of Energy, to prescribe military personnel strengths for such fiscal year, and for other purposes; which was ordered to lie on the table; as follows:

At the appropriate place, insert the following:

SEC. __. TRANSFER OF ADDITIONAL FEDERAL LAND TO THE LEECH

LAKE BAND OF OJIBWE.

(a) Findings.—Section 2(a)(5) of the Leech Lake Band of

Ojibwe Reservation Restoration Act (Public Law 116-255; 134

Stat. 1140) is amended by striking subparagraph (B) and

inserting the following:

“(B) does not intend immediately to modify the use of the

Federal land.”.

(b) Inclusion of Additional Federal Land.—Section 2 of the

Leech Lake Band of Ojibwe Reservation Restoration Act (Public

Law 116-255; 134 Stat. 1139) is amended—

(1) in subsection (b)(1)—

(A) in subparagraph (A)—

(i) by striking “means the approximately” and inserting

“means—

“(i) the approximately”;

(ii) in clause (i) (as so designated), by striking the

period at the end and inserting “; and”; and

(iii) by adding at the end the following:

“(ii) any other land managed by the Secretary, through the

Chief of the Forest Service, located in the Chippewa National

Forest in Cass County, Minnesota, which records maintained by

the Bureau of Indian Affairs show was sold without the

unanimous consent of the rightful landowners.”; and

(B) in subparagraph (B)—

(i) by redesignating clauses (i) and (ii) as clauses (ii)

and (iii), respectively; and

(ii) by inserting before clause (ii) (as so redesignated)

the following:

“(i) any land transferred pursuant to an agreement entered

into between the Secretary and the Tribe under subsection

(c)(2);”;

(2) in subsection (c)—

(A) in paragraph (1), by striking “paragraph (2)” and

inserting “paragraphs (2) and (3)”;

(B) by redesignating paragraph (2) as paragraph (3); and

“(2) Agreement.—

“(A) In general.—On agreement between the Secretary and

the Tribe, the Secretary shall substitute, for purposes of

the transfer under paragraph (1), alternative National Forest

System land located in Cass County, Minnesota, on an acre-

for-acre basis, for those parcels of Federal land to be

transferred under that paragraph in a manner that avoids in-

holdings and provides a preference for land adjacent to or

near existing Leech Lake trust lands and lands of cultural

importance to the Tribe, to the maximum extent practicable.

“(B) Frequency of transfers.—Pursuant to an agreement

entered into under subparagraph (A), the Secretary may

transfer land to the Secretary of the Interior on a rolling

basis as that land is identified and surveys are

completed.”; and

(3) in subsection (d)—

(A) in paragraph (1)—

(i) in subparagraph (A), by inserting “described in

subsection (b)(1)(A)(i)” after “Federal land”; and

(ii) in subparagraph (B), in the matter preceding clause

(i), by striking “submit a map and legal description of the

Federal land” and inserting “submit maps and legal

descriptions of the Federal land transferred pursuant to

paragraphs (1) and (2) of subsection (c), as applicable,”;

(B) in paragraph (2)—

(i) by striking “map and legal description” and inserting

“maps and legal descriptions”; and

(ii) by striking “map or legal description” and inserting

“maps or legal descriptions”; and

description” and inserting “maps and legal descriptions”.

section 97A.151 of the Minnesota Statutes, including the

settlement agreement ratified by that section, for purposes

of ensuring that the hunting, fishing, and recreation rights

of non-Tribal members remain unchanged by the Leech Lake Band

of Ojibwe Reservation Restoration Act (Public Law 116-255;

134 Stat. 1139) and the amendments made to that Act by this

section.

(d) Implementation.—In implementing the amendments made by

this section, the Secretary of Agriculture, acting through

the Chief of the Forest Service, shall provide for public

engagement and comment in accordance with applicable laws

(including regulations).

SA 5858. Mrs. BLACKBURN (for herself and Mr. Kelly) submitted an amendment intended to be proposed by her to the bill S. 4784, to authorize appropriations for fiscal year 2027 for military activities of the Department of Defense, for military construction, and for defense activities of the Department of Energy, to prescribe military personnel strengths for such fiscal year, and for other purposes; which was ordered to lie on the table; as follows:

At the appropriate place in title XII, insert the

following:

SEC. 12__. EXPEDITED CONSIDERATION OF PROPOSALS FOR ADDITIONS

TO, REMOVALS FROM, OR OTHER MODIFICATIONS WITH

RESPECT TO ENTITIES ON THE ENTITY LIST.

Section 1754 of the Export Control Reform Act of 2018 (50

U.S.C. 4813) is amended by adding at the end the following:

“(g) Expedited Consideration of Proposals for Additions

to, Removals From, or Other Modifications With Respect to

Entities on the Entity List.—

“(1) In general.—Any member of the End-User Review

Committee may submit a proposal directly to the Committee

requesting a vote of all members of the Committee for

additions to, removals from, or other modifications with

respect to the Entity List. A proposal to add an entity to

the Entity List shall be made in accordance with the

provisions of paragraph (4).

“(2) Consideration.—Subject to paragraph (4)(B), the End-

User Review Committee shall vote to approve or disapprove a

proposal submitted under paragraph (1) not later than 30 days

after the date on which the proposal is submitted to the

Committee.

“(3) Additional information.—The chairperson of the End-

User Review Committee, with the concurrence of the member of

the Committee that submitted a proposal under paragraph (1),

may suspend for an additional 15 days the time period

specified in paragraph (2) with respect to consideration of

the proposal if the chairperson and the member determine that

additional information is required in order to make a

determination with respect to the proposal, including the

impact and effect of the proposal.

“(4) Additions to the entity list.—

“(A) In general.—An entity may be added to the Entity

List if the End-User Review Committee by majority vote of its

members has determined that the entity has engaged, is

engaged, or is at risk of engaging in activities contrary to

the national security or foreign policy interests of the

United States.

“(B) Licensing policy.—

“(i) In general.—Subject to clause (ii), there shall be

in effect a policy of presumption of denial for all

applications for a license to export, reexport, or in-country

transfer any item subject to the Export Administration

Regulations if an entity added to the Entity List under this

subsection is or would be a party to a transaction with

respect to which the application applies.

“(ii) Exception.—The licensing policy required by clause

(i) shall not apply with respect to an entity described in

such clause if the members of the End-User Review Committee

agree by majority vote to apply a different policy with

respect to the entity for all or specific types of items

subject to the Export Administration Regulations that would

be in the national security and foreign policy interests of

the United States.

“(C) Rule of construction.—Nothing in this paragraph may

be construed to limit or otherwise affect the escalation

procedures unrelated to the End-User Review Committee.

“(5) Administrative provisions.—

“(A) In general.—Each member of the End-User Review

Committee shall have 1 vote with respect to matters described

in this subsection. The chairperson of the Committee shall

not have the authority to make determinations or override any

voting decision with respect to such matters.

“(B) Suspension of voting period.—The chairperson of the

End-User Review Committee may suspend the 30-day voting

period described in paragraph (2) if the members of the

Committee unanimously agree to postpone the vote.

“(C) Notice; implementing authority.—The chairperson of

the End-User Review Committee shall notify the Assistant

Secretary of Commerce for Export Administration of all final

decisions of the Committee with respect to additions to,

removals from, or other modifications with respect to the

Entity List under this subsection so that the Assistant

Secretary of Commerce for Export Administration may implement

all such modifications.

“(6) Definitions.—In this subsection:

“(A) End-user review committee; committee.—The terms

`End-User Review Committee' and `Committee' mean—

“(i) the End-User Review Committee established under

section 744.16(d) of the Export Administration Regulations;

“(ii) any successor committee.

“(B) Entity list.—The term `Entity List' means the list

maintained by the Bureau of Industry and Security of the

Department of Commerce pursuant to subsection (a)(2) and set

forth in Supplement No. 4 to part 744 of the Export

Administration Regulations (or successor regulations).”.

SA 5859. Mr. REED (for himself and Ms. Collins) submitted an amendment intended to be proposed by him to the bill S. 4784, to authorize appropriations for fiscal year 2027 for military activities of the Department of Defense, for military construction, and for defense activities of the Department of Energy, to prescribe military personnel strengths for such fiscal year, and for other purposes; which was ordered to lie on the table; as follows:

At the end of subtitle C of title VIII, add the following:

SEC. 850. JOB CORPS SHIPBUILDING-DEFENSE INDUSTRIAL BASE

PIPELINE ACT OF 2026.

(a) Alignment of Job Corps With the Defense Industrial

Base.—

(1) In general.—The National Imperative for Industrial

Skills program of the Department of Defense (or a successor

program) shall maximize the use of and expand on the

activities of Job Corps centers and registered apprenticeship

programs to train the skilled industrial workers that are

needed in the defense industrial base.

(2) Referral of military recruits to job corps.—Military

recruiters shall make each military recruit who is ineligible

to enlist in the military as a result of the requirements of

section 520 of title 10, United States Code, aware of the

opportunity to enroll in Job Corps and registered

apprenticeship programs in order to meet the standards for

enlistment or learn skills that can contribute to the defense

industrial base.

(3) Job corps trade realignment.—In order to address

shortages of skilled industrial workers in the defense

industrial base, the Secretary of Defense may, through the

National Imperative for Industrial Skills program (or a

successor program) and grants to Job Corps center operators

as provided in accordance with section 158(f) of the

Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act (29 U.S.C. 3208(f)),

support the change of trades offered at a Job Corps center,

including at a Job Corps transition hub at an existing center

or at a new site in close proximity to a shipyard or other

defense industrial base suppliers, to align with the needs of

the defense industrial base, including through investments in

curricula development, equipment, and facilities.

(4) Definitions.—For purposes of this subsection:

(A) Enrollee; job corps; job corps center.—The terms

“enrollee”, “Job Corps”, and “Job Corps center” have

the meanings given such terms in section 142 of the Workforce

Innovation and Opportunity Act (29 U.S.C. 3192).

(B) Job corps center operator.—The term “Job Corps center

operator” has the meaning given the term “operator” in

such section of such Act.

transition hub” means an advanced career training program

under section 148 of the Workforce Innovation and Opportunity

Act (29 U.S.C. 3198) that facilitates the onboarding and

retention of enrollees into the defense industrial base.

(D) Registered apprenticeship program.—The term

“registered apprenticeship program” means an apprenticeship

program that is registered under the Act of August 16, 1937

(commonly known as the “National Apprenticeship Act”; 50

Stat. 664, chapter 663; 29 U.S.C. 50 et seq.).

(b) Extension of Shipbuilding Special Incentive to the Job

Corps.—Section 8696(b)(2) of title 10, United States Code,

is amended by adding at the end the following:

“(G) The Job Corps program established under section 143

of the Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act (29 U.S.C.

3193) or an individual Job Corps center operator as defined

in section 142 of the Workforce Innovation and Opportunity

Act (29 U.S.C. 3192).”.

(1) Success in military recruitment as a graduate of job

corps.—Section 142(5) of the Workforce Innovation and

Opportunity Act (29 U.S.C. 3192(5)) is amended by inserting

“enlisted in the military with a score on the Armed Forces

Qualification Test that is above the thirty-first

percentile,” before “or completed”.

(2) Grants to job corps centers.—Section 158(f) of the

Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act (29 U.S.C. 3208(f))

is amended—

(A) by striking the heading and inserting “External

Funding”;

(B) by striking “The Secretary may accept on behalf of the

Job Corps or individual Job Corps centers charitable

donations of cash” and inserting the following:

“(1) In general.—The Secretary (or the Secretary of

Agriculture, as appropriate), on behalf of the Job Corps, or

a Job Corps center operator, on behalf of such center, may

accept grants and charitable donations of cash”;

(D) by striking “available for appropriate use” and

inserting “used exclusively”; and

(E) by adding at the end the following:

“(2) Transfer of property.—Notwithstanding sections

501(b) and 522 of title 40, United States Code, any property

acquired by a Job Corps center shall be directly transferred,

on a nonreimbursable basis, to the Secretary.

“(3) Prohibition of offset using external funding.—An

operator that accepts a grant or charitable donation under

paragraph (1) may not use the grant or charitable donation to

fulfill the cost of any obligation imposed on the operator

under an agreement under section 147.

“(4) Prohibition on restrictions for job corps

placement.—A grant or charitable donation under paragraph

(1) may not include terms that restrict the placement or

employment options of an enrollee or graduate.

“(5) Public reporting.— The Secretary shall publicly

disclose on annual basis a list of grants and charitable

donations received under paragraph (1), which shall include

the amount and source of each grant or charitable donation

and the Job Corps center that was designated as the

beneficiary of each grant or charitable donation.”.

(3) Local authority to realign trades.—Section 151 of the

Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act (29 U.S.C. 3201) is

amended by adding at the end the following:

“(d) Local Authority.—Subject to the limitations of the

budget approved by the Secretary for a Job Corps center, the

operator of a Job Corps center shall have the authority,

without prior approval from the Secretary, to—

“(1) hire staff and provide staff professional

development;

“(2) set terms and enter into agreements with Federal,

State, or local educational partners, such as secondary

schools, institutions of higher education, child development

centers, units of Junior Reserve Officers' Training Corps

programs established under section 2031 of title 10, United

States Code, or employers; and

“(3) engage with and educate stakeholders (including

eligible applicants for the Job Corps) about Job Corps

operations, selection procedures, and activities.”.

(4) Streamlined enrollment of veterans and military

recruits into the defense industrial base.—

(A) In general.—Subsection (b) of section 144 of the

Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act (29 U.S.C. 3194) is

amended—

(i) in the heading, by inserting “and Certain Other Armed

Forces Members” after “Veterans”; and

(ii) in the matter preceding paragraph (1), by inserting

“or a member of the Armed Forces eligible for pre-separation

counseling of the Transition Assistance Program under section

1142 of title 10, United States Code,” after “a veteran”.

(B) Background check exemption.—Section 145(b) of the

Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act (29 U.S.C. 3195(b))

is amended—

(i) in paragraph (1)(C), by inserting “except with respect

to an individual described in paragraph (4),” before “the

individual”; and

(ii) by adding at the end the following:

“(4) Individuals exempted from background check.—An

individual described in this paragraph is—

“(A) an individual who is—

“(i)(I) a member of the Armed Forces eligible for pre-

separation counseling of the

Transition Assistance Program under section 1142 of title 10,

United States Code; or

“(II) a veteran who left the Armed Forces not more than 90

days before the date on which the veteran applies to enroll

in the Job Corps; and

“(ii) not ineligible for retired pay as provided by

section 12740 of title 10, United States Code; or

“(B) a military recruit who—

“(i) is ineligible to enlist in the military as a result

of the requirements of section 520 of title 10, United States

Code; and

“(ii) not more than 90 days before the date on which the

recruit applies to enroll in the Job Corps, passed a

background check as part of the enlistment process.”.

SA 5860. Mr. YOUNG submitted an amendment intended to be proposed by him to the bill S. 4784, to authorize appropriations for fiscal year 2027 for military activities of the Department of Defense, for military construction, and for defense activities of the Department of Energy, to prescribe military personnel strengths for such fiscal year, and for other purposes; which was ordered to lie on the table; as follows:

At the end of title X, add the following:

Subtitle __Helping Allies Respond to Piracy, Overfishing, and Oceanic

Negligence Act

SEC. 10_1. SHORT TITLE.

This subtitle may be cited as the “Helping Allies Respond

to Piracy, Overfishing, and Oceanic Negligence Act” or the

“HARPOON Act”.

SEC. 10_2. DEFINITIONS.

In this subtitle:

(1) Commandant.—The term “Commandant” means the

Commandant of the Coast Guard.

(2) Illegal, unreported, and unregulated fishing; iuu

fishing.—The terms “illegal, unreported, and unregulated

fishing” and “IUU fishing” mean activities described as

illegal fishing, unreported fishing, or unregulated fishing

in paragraph 3 of the International Plan of Action to

Prevent, Deter and Eliminate Illegal, Unreported and

Unregulated Fishing, adopted at the 24th Session of the

Committee on Fisheries in Rome on March 2, 2001.

(3) Secretary.—The term “Secretary” means the Secretary

of Defense.

SEC. 10_3. COUNTER-IUU FISHING PROGRAM ENHANCEMENT.

(a) In General.—The Secretary and the Commandant, in

coordination with the Secretary of State, may seek to engage

with foreign partners to establish joint patrols to enhance

counter-IUU fishing efforts, combat transnational crime, and

enhance regional security.

(b) Report.—

(1) In general.—Not later than 120 days after the date of

the enactment of this Act, the Secretary and the Commandant,

in coordination with the Secretary of State, shall jointly

submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a report on

engagements with foreign partners under subsection (a),

including—

(A) an identification of specific regions and countries

interested in increased cooperation to combat IUU fishing;

(B) a description of any limitations on enhanced counter-

IUU fishing partnerships due to insufficient resources or

authorities;

counter-IUU fishing operations;

(D) an assessment of the effectiveness of ongoing counter-

IUU fishing partner operations;

(E) an identification of authorities provided in sections

331 and 333(a) of title 10, United States Code, pursuant to

which such counter-IUU fishing operations are conducted; and

(F) any other information the Secretary, the Commandant,

and the Secretary of State consider appropriate.

(2) Appropriate committees of congress defined.—In this

subsection, the term “appropriate committees of Congress”

means—

(A) the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation,

the Committee on Armed Services, and the Committee on Foreign

Relations of the Senate; and

(B) the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology, the

Committee on Armed Services, and the Committee on Foreign

Affairs of the House of Representatives.

SA 5861. Mr. YOUNG submitted an amendment intended to be proposed by him to the bill S. 4784, to authorize appropriations for fiscal year 2027 for military activities of the Department of Defense, for military construction, and for defense activities of the Department of Energy, to prescribe military personnel strengths for such fiscal year, and for other purposes; which was ordered to lie on the table; as follows:

At the appropriate place in title XVI, insert the

following:

Subtitle —National Quantum Initiative Reauthorization Act of 2026

SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

This subtitle may be cited as the “National Quantum

Initiative Reauthorization Act of 2026”.

SEC. 2. DEFINITIONS.

Section 2 of the National Quantum Initiative Act (15 U.S.C.

8801) is amended—

(1) by redesignating paragraphs (4), (5), (6), (7), the

first paragraph (8) (relating to the definition of the

“Subcommittee on Economic and Security Implications”), and

the second paragraph (8) (relating to the definition of the

“Subcommittee on Quantum Information Science”) as

paragraphs (7), (9), (12), (13), (18), and (19),

respectively;

(2) by inserting after paragraph (3) the following:

“(4) Federal laboratory.—The term `Federal laboratory'

has the meaning given such term in section 4 of the

Stevenson-Wydler Technology Innovation Act of 1980 (15 U.S.C.

3703).

“(5) Foreign country of concern.—The term `foreign

country of concern' means—

“(A) a country that is a covered nation (as such term is

defined in section 4872(f) of title 10, United States Code);

and

“(B) any country that the Secretary of Commerce, in

consultation with the Secretary of Defense, the Secretary of

State, and the Director of National Intelligence, determines

to be engaged in conduct that is detrimental to the national

security or foreign policy of the United States.

“(6) Foreign entity of concern.—The term `foreign entity

of concern' means a foreign entity that is—

“(A) designated as a foreign terrorist organization by the

Secretary of State under section 219(a) of the Immigration

and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1189(a));

“(B) included on the list of specially designated

nationals and blocked persons maintained by the Office of

Foreign Assets Control of the Department of the Treasury

(commonly known as the `SDN list');

“(C) owned by, controlled by, or subject to the

jurisdiction or direction of a government of a foreign

country that is a covered nation (as such term is defined in

section 4872(f) of title 10, United States Code);

“(D) alleged by the Attorney General to have been involved

in activities for which a conviction was obtained under—

“(i) chapter 37 of title 18, United States Code (commonly

known as the `Espionage Act');

“(ii) section 951 or 1030 of title 18, United States Code;

“(iii) chapter 90 of title 18, United States Code

(commonly known as the `Economic Espionage Act of 1996');

“(iv) the Arms Export Control Act (22 U.S.C. 2751 et

seq.);

“(v) section 224, 225, 226, 227, or 236 of the Atomic

Energy Act of 1954 (42 U.S.C. 2274, 2275, 2276, 2277, and

2284);

“(vi) the Export Control Reform Act of 2018 (50 U.S.C.

4801 et seq.); or

“(vii) the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (50

U.S.C. 1701 et seq.); or

“(E) determined by the Secretary of Commerce, in

consultation with the Secretary of Defense and the Director

of National Intelligence, to be engaged in unauthorized

conduct that is detrimental to the national security or

foreign policy of the United States.”;

(3) in paragraph (7), as so redesignated, by striking

“(a)” each place it appears;

(4) by inserting after paragraph (7), as so redesignated,

the following new paragraph:

“(8) National laboratory.—The term `National Laboratory'

has the meaning given such term in section 2 of the Energy

Policy Act of 2005 (42 U.S.C. 15801).”;

(5) by inserting after paragraph (9), as so redesignated,

the following:

“(10) Quantum applications.—The term `quantum

applications' means uses of quantum information science,

engineering, and technology, including quantum algorithms and

software, quantum computing and quantum-classical hybrids,

quantum sensing, quantum networking, quantum encryption,

quantum simulation, or quantum communications applications.

“(11) Quantum computing.—The term `quantum computing'

means any of a variety of quantum computing technologies,

including quantum annealing and quantum gate-model systems

that utilize a variety of architectures, such as

superconductors, ion traps, photonics, neutral atoms, atomic

spin, electron spin, or topological qubits.”;

(6) by amending paragraph (12), as so redesignated, to read

as follows:

“(12) Quantum information science, engineering, and

technology.—The term `quantum information science,

engineering, and technology' means the understanding,

translation, use, or application of the laws of quantum

physics for the storage, transmission, manipulation,

computing, simulation, or measurement of information.”; and

(7) by inserting after paragraph (13), as so redesignated,

the following:

“(14) Quantum networking.—The term `quantum networking'

means the transmission of quantum information and the

distribution and use of entanglement across nodes to enable

new information technology applications and fundamental

science.

“(15) Quantum sensing.—The term `quantum sensing'—

“(A) means the use of quantum mechanics to enhance or

enable new sensors; and

“(B) can include uses of superposition and entanglement,

nonclassical states, and advances in accuracy and precision

enabled by quantum control.

“(16) STEM.—The term `STEM' means the academic and

professional disciplines of science, technology, engineering,

and mathematics, including computer science.

“(17) Supply chain shock.—The term `supply chain shock'—

“(A) means an event causing severe or serious disruption

to normal operations or capacity in a supply chain; and

“(B) includes—

“(i) a natural disaster;

“(ii) a pandemic;

“(iii) a biological threat;

“(iv) a cyber attack;

“(v) a geopolitical conflict;

“(vi) a terrorist or geopolitical attack;

“(vii) a trade disruption caused by—

“(I) a foreign country of concern; or

“(II) an entity or an individual subject to the

jurisdiction of such a country; and

“(viii) an event for which the President declares a major

disaster or an emergency under section 401 or 501,

respectively, of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and

Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5170; 42 U.S.C. 5191).”.

SEC. 3. PURPOSES.

Section 3 of the National Quantum Initiative Act (15 U.S.C.

8802) is amended—

(1) in paragraph (1)—

(A) by amending subparagraph (A) to read as follows:

“(A) to expand the number of researchers, educators, and

students with training in quantum information science,

engineering, and technology to develop a domestic workforce

pipeline and retain international talent to the extent

consistent with national security and international

competitiveness;”;

(B) in subparagraph (B), by striking “science at the” and

inserting “science, engineering, and technology at the”;

(i) by striking “science and technology” and inserting

“science, engineering, and technology”; and

(ii) by striking “and” after the semicolon; and

(D) by adding at the end the following:

“(F) to facilitate development of quantum applications,

including quantum-hybrid applications, to promote innovation;

and

“(G) to support advancements in emerging technologies that

could benefit from or benefit the development of quantum

technology and promote research, development, demonstration,

and application of such emerging technologies in quantum

information science, engineering, and technology and

scientific discovery.”;

(2) in paragraph (2), by striking “science and

technology” and inserting “science, engineering, and

technology”;

(3) in paragraph (3), by striking “science and

technology” and inserting “science, engineering, and

technology”;

(4) in paragraph (4)—

(A) by inserting “National Laboratories,” after “Federal

laboratories,”; and

(B) by striking “and” after the semicolon;

(5) in paragraph (5)—

(A) in the matter preceding subparagraph (A)—

(i) by inserting “partnerships, research collaborations,

and” after “international”; and

(ii) by striking “science and technology security” and

inserting “science, engineering, and technology”;

(B) in subparagraph (A), by striking “and” after the

semicolon;

and inserting a semicolon; and

(D) by adding at the end the following:

“(C) to facilitate cooperation in the advancement of

quantum capabilities among the United States and its

strategic allies and partners to strengthen and secure the

quantum-relevant supply chain and related ecosystem; and

“(D) to coordinate on potential export or strategic trade

controls where appropriate; and”; and

(6) by adding at the end the following:

“(6) improving the maturity and scale of the quantum

industry.”.

SEC. 4. NATIONAL QUANTUM INITIATIVE PROGRAM.

Subsection (b) of section 101 of the National Quantum

Initiative Act (15 U.S.C. 8811) is amended—

(1) in paragraph (1)—

(A) by striking “development” and inserting “research,

development, and near-, medium-, and long-term

demonstration”; and

(B) by striking “information science and technology”;

(2) in paragraph (2)—

(A) by striking “science and technology” and inserting

“science, engineering, and technology”; and

(B) by inserting “infrastructure,” after

“demonstration,”;

(3) in paragraph (3)—

(A) by inserting “and retain” after “to develop”; and

(B) by striking “science and technology” and inserting

“science, engineering, and technology”;

(4) by amending paragraph (4) to read as follows:

“(4) provide for interagency planning and coordination of

Federal quantum information science, engineering, and

technology research, development, demonstration, standards

engagement, and other activities under the Program, including

activities authorized pursuant to section 234 of the John S.

McCain National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year

2019 (Public Law 115-232; 10 U.S.C. 4001 note), quantum

educational activities and programs authorized pursuant to

section 10661 of the Research and Development, Competition,

and Innovation Act (42 U.S.C. 19261), and activities

conducted at any Federal laboratory or National

Laboratory;”; and

(5) in paragraph (5)—

(A) by striking “industry and universities” and inserting

“industry, universities, and strategic allies and

partners”; and

(B) by inserting “, including human resources” after

“resources”.

SEC. 5. NATIONAL QUANTUM COORDINATION OFFICE.

Section 102 of the National Quantum Initiative Act (15

U.S.C. 8812) is amended—

(1) in subsection (a)(2)—

(A) in subparagraph (A), by inserting “who shall be”

before “appointed”; and

(B) by amending subparagraph (B) to read as follows:

“(B) staff comprising employees detailed from the Federal

departments and agencies specified in section 103(b).”; and

(2) in subsection (b)—

(A) in paragraph (3), by striking “science and

technology” and inserting “science, engineering, and

technology research, development, workforce, and

international”;

(B) by amending paragraph (4) to read as follows:

“(4) ensure coordination among the collaborative ventures

or consortia established under this Act, including under

section 201(a), the Multidisciplinary Centers for Quantum

Research and Education established under section 302(a), the

National Quantum Information Science Research Centers

established under section 402(a), and the Quantum Economic

Development Consortium;”;

semicolon;

(D) in paragraph (7)—

(i) by inserting “nonprofit research organizations,”

after “universities,”; and

(ii) by striking the period at the end and inserting a

semicolon; and

(E) by adding after paragraph (7) the following:

“(8) promote understanding and adoption of viable quantum

capabilities that strengthen the United States economy, as

may be appropriate;

“(9) track, monitor, and promote policies that will ensure

the stability of the United States quantum workforce, quantum

supply chain, domestic quantum industry, and international

trade; and

“(10) ensure coordination and avoid unnecessary

duplication of existing quantum-related activities, other

activities carried out under this Act, and other related

programs, as appropriate.”.

SEC. 6. SUBCOMMITTEE ON QUANTUM INFORMATION SCIENCE.

Section 103 of the National Quantum Initiative Act (15

U.S.C. 8813) is amended—

(1) in subsection (d)—

(A) in paragraph (1), by striking “the quantum information

science and technology research,” and inserting “quantum

information science, engineering, and technology research,

quantum application development, and demonstration,”;

(B) in paragraph (4)—

(i) by inserting “, engineering, and technology” after

“science”; and

(ii) by inserting “skillset” before “diversity”;

(i) by inserting “, engineering, and technology” after

“science”; and

(ii) by inserting “and conduct comparative benchmarking of

Federal investments and research strategies relative to those

of strategic allies and partners of the United States and

other countries” after “development efforts”;

(D) in paragraph (6)—

(i) by striking “science and technology” and inserting

“science, engineering, and technology”; and

(ii) by striking “and” after the semicolon;

(E) in paragraph (7)—

(i) by inserting “, engineering, and technology” after

“science”; and

(ii) by striking the period and inserting a semicolon; and

(F) by adding at the end the following:

“(8) facilitate interagency partnership opportunities to

advance quantum applications related to advanced

manufacturing, biotechnology, critical minerals, chemistry,

space, and other sectors; and

“(9) evaluate the competitiveness and capabilities of the

United States in quantum technologies with respect to quantum

computing, sensing, networking, and applications.”;

(2) in subsection (g)(2)—

(A) in paragraph (A), by inserting “numbers” after

“budget”;

(B) in paragraph (B), by inserting “numbers” after

“budget”; and

“(D) Metrics for measuring the impact of the Program for

the current fiscal year, for each Federal department and

agency described in subsection (b).

“(E) Value proposition as a result of each interagency

partnership opportunity.”;

(3) in subsection (h)(2)(A), by inserting “, including a

description of agency roles and responsibilities” before the

period; and

(4) by adding at the end the following new subsection:

“(i) Quantum Use Cases.—

“(1) In general.—The Subcommittee shall identify

potential use cases for quantum technologies that could

advance the missions of Federal departments and agencies

participating in the Program.

“(2) Quantum on-ramp.—For each potential use case

identified pursuant to paragraph (1) for a Federal department

or agency, the head of the Federal department or

agency may, in consultation with the Subcommittee, develop a

plan to enable such department or agency to address the

potential use case.

“(3) Comparison to artificial intelligence technologies.—

For any potential use case identified under paragraph (1) for

a Federal department or agency, the head of the department or

agency may, in consultation with the Subcommittee, consider

the quantum use case's interplay with artificial intelligence

and compare its anticipated costs, functionality, and

benefits.

“(4) Reporting.—The Subcommittee, as part of the annual

report on the budget for the Program under subsection (g),

shall report progress in carrying out the activities under

this subsection, including information relating to the

following:

“(A) The potential use cases identified pursuant to

paragraph (1).

“(B) The status of plans developed pursuant to paragraph

(2).

“(C) Any obstacles to addressing such potential use cases,

including lack of funding.”.

SEC. 7. NATIONAL QUANTUM INITIATIVE ADVISORY COMMITTEE.

Section 104 of the National Quantum Initiative Act (15

U.S.C. 8814) is amended—

(1) by amending subsection (b) to read as follows:

“(b) Qualifications.—The Advisory Committee shall consist

of members, appointed by the President, who—

“(1) are representative of—

“(A) industry; and

“(B) universities and Federal laboratories that are

qualified to provide advice and information on quantum

information science, engineering, and technology research,

development, demonstrations, standards, STEM education and

workforce, technology transfer, economics, and national

security, or research security; and

“(2) may hold doctoral degrees in physical sciences,

mathematics, computer science, engineering, or related

fields.”;

(2) in subsection (d)(2)—

(A) in subparagraph (A), by striking “science and

technology” and inserting “science, engineering, and

technology”;

(B) in subparagraph (D)—

(i) by striking “to” and inserting “promote innovation,

foster a robust United States quantum industry, and”; and

(ii) by striking “science and technology” and inserting

“science, engineering, and technology”;

address any gaps that may exist in basic research,

capabilities, workforce, supply chain, or coordination among

participating Federal agencies” before the semicolon;

(D) in subparagraph (F), by striking “open standards for,

quantum information science and technology; and” and

inserting “international standards in open and transparent

standardization systems for quantum information science,

engineering, and technology;”;

(E) in subparagraph (G)—

(i) by striking “societal,”; and

(ii) by striking the period and inserting a semicolon; and

(F) by adding at the end the following new subparagraphs:

“(H) the domestic and international cooperation needs and

goals of the Program, including those related to

infrastructure and the supply chain of quantum information

science, engineering, and technology; and

“(I) the degree to which quantum information science,

engineering, and technology—

“(i) is enhancing or can enhance—

“(I) the capabilities of the United States advanced

industrial economy; and

“(II) Federal, State, and local government capabilities

and services; and

“(ii) can protect or optimize critical infrastructure (as

such term is defined in section 1016(e) of Public Law 107-56

(42 U.S.C. 5195c(e))).”;

(3) in subsection (e)—

(A) by inserting “through December 31, 2030” after

“thereafter”; and

(B) by adding at the end the following new sentence: “In

the first such report required after the date of the

enactment of the National Quantum Initiative Reauthorization

Act of 2026, the Advisory Committee shall assess the benefits

and opportunities to strengthen quantum communications

corridors in which Federal laboratories, institutions of

higher education, and other entities conducting quantum

information science, engineering, and technology research are

connected via quantum communication networks capable of

securely transmitting information.”;

(4) by redesignating subsections (e) through (g) as

subsections (f) through (h), respectively; and

(5) by inserting after subsection (d) the following:

“(e) Performance and Usefulness Assessment of National

Quantum Initiative Program.—

“(1) Annual evaluation required.—Not less frequently than

once each year, the Advisory Committee shall, in coordination

with the Subcommittee on Quantum Information Science, conduct

an evaluation of the effectiveness, progress, and usefulness

of activities carried out under the Program.

“(2) Elements.—Each evaluation under paragraph (1) shall

assess—

“(A) which Federal programs or activities within the

Program have made measurable progress toward program goals;

“(B) which Federal programs within the Program have

produced tangible scientific, workforce, or commercial

outcomes;

“(C) which programs or activities within the Program have

overlapping missions or duplicative structures;

“(D) resource utilization and return on investment of each

major component of the Program; and

“(E) barriers to performance or implementation of the

Program, including structural, regulatory, or administrative

challenges.

“(3) Report to congress.—Not later than March 1 of each

year, the Advisory Committee shall submit to the Committee on

Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate, the

Committee on Energy and Natural Resources of the Senate, and

the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology of the House

of Representatives a report summarizing the findings of the

Advisory Committee with respect to the evaluation most

recently conducted under paragraph (1), including specific

recommendations for—

“(A) improvements to the Program;

“(B) consolidation or termination of programs or

activities within the Program; and

“(C) realignment of funding to high-impact areas within

the Program.

“(4) Public summary.—The Advisory Committee shall make a

public-facing summary of each report submitted under

paragraph (3) available on the website of the Advisory

Committee to promote transparency and accountability.”.

SEC. 8. SUBCOMMITTEE ON THE ECONOMIC AND SECURITY

IMPLICATIONS OF QUANTUM INFORMATION SCIENCE.

Section 105 of the National Quantum Initiative Act (15

U.S.C. 8814a) is amended—

(1) in subsection (b)—

(A) in paragraph (10), by striking “and” after the

semicolon;

(B) by redesignating paragraph (11) as paragraph (12); and

“(11) the National Aeronautics and Space Administration;

and”; and

(2) in subsection (c)—

(A) in paragraph (1), by striking “information science”

and inserting “information science, engineering, and

technology”;

(B) in paragraph (2), by inserting “or to supply chains”

before the semicolon;

(D) in paragraph (5)—

(i) by inserting “, engineering, and technology” after

“quantum information science”; and

(ii) by inserting “any” before “export controls”;

(E) in paragraph (6), by striking “information science”

and inserting “information science, engineering, and

technology”;

(F) in paragraph (7), by striking “and” after the

semicolon;

(G) in paragraph (8)—

(i) by striking “information science” and inserting

“information science, engineering, and technology”; and

(ii) by striking the period and inserting a semicolon; and

(H) by adding at the end the following:

“(9) in coordination with the Subcommittee on Quantum

Information Science, identify opportunities to increase

coordination between civilian, military, and intelligence

quantum research entities, reduce unnecessary duplicative

quantum research activities, and facilitate collaboration

between quantum research agencies with specialized

capabilities or expertise in one or more aspects of quantum

information science, engineering, and technology; and

“(10) recommend strategies for attracting and retaining

students and scholars with expertise in quantum-related

fields to Federal departments and agencies.”.

SEC. 9. INTERNATIONAL QUANTUM COOPERATION STRATEGY.

The National Quantum Initiative Act (15 U.S.C. 8801 et

seq.) is amended by inserting after section 105 the following

new section:

“SEC. 105A. INTERNATIONAL QUANTUM COOPERATION STRATEGY.

“(a) Strategy Required.—Not later than one year after the

date of the enactment of this section, the Director of the

Office of Science and Technology Policy shall, in

consultation with the Secretary of Commerce, the Secretary of

State, the Secretary of Energy, the Director of the National

Science Foundation, the Director of the National Institute of

Standards and Technology, the Administrator of the National

Aeronautics and Space Administration, and the heads of other

Federal agencies, as appropriate, develop and submit to the

Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation, the

Committee on Energy and Natural Resources, and the Committee

on Foreign Relations of the Senate, and the Committee on

Science, Space, and Technology and the Committee on Foreign

Affairs of the House of Representatives a strategy—

“(1) to establish collaborative international partnerships

to advance research and development, testing and evaluation,

and interoperability in quantum information science,

engineering, and technology with allies and partners of the

United States, and other countries, when in the security,

strategic, technological, and scientific interests of the

United States;

“(2) to ensure continued participation by the United

States in bilateral and multilateral efforts to advance

quantum information science, engineering, and technology on

the

international stage, including programs to advance research

and development, testing and evaluation, and interoperability

in quantum information science, engineering, and technology

with allies and partners of the United States;

“(3) to promote the integrity and impartiality of

international standards organizations and processes related

to quantum information science, engineering, and technology;

and

“(4) to ensure responsible and ethical research and

development, testing and evaluation, and interoperability in

quantum information science, engineering, and technology.

“(b) Designation.—The strategy developed under subsection

(a) shall be known as the `International Quantum Cooperation

Strategy' (in this section referred to as the `Strategy').

“(c) Elements.—In the development of the Strategy, the

Director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy, the

National Quantum Coordination Office, the Subcommittee on

Quantum Information Science, the Subcommittee on the Economic

and Security Implications of Quantum Information Science, and

the relevant agencies shall consider including the following:

“(1) The establishment of international partnerships to

advance research and development in quantum information

science, engineering, and technology.

“(2) Key strategic allies and partners of the United

States that have demonstrated unique capabilities in one or

more areas of quantum information science, engineering, and

technology.

“(3) Efforts and plans to address risks to the national

security and economic interests of the United States during

development and deployment of quantum technologies worldwide,

including plans for diplomatic engagement with allies and

partners, and other countries.

“(4) Efforts and plans to promote global development and

deployment of quantum technologies, including through

international engagement and leadership in the development of

international standards that are aligned with United States

national interests.

“(5) Efforts and plans to develop, attract, and retain

international talent.

“(6) The ability and risks of domestic manufacturers and

suppliers and those of allies and partners of the United

States to meet the needs of the global quantum supply chain,

including raw materials such as helium-3, plans for

engagement with allies and partners, manufacturers, and

suppliers, and options to mitigate gaps and vulnerabilities

in the global quantum supply chain.

“(7) A plan to safeguard research and technology supported

through international cooperation, as appropriate, in whole

or in part, including in quantum technologies critical to

national security, from malign influence, theft, or

exfiltration by foreign entities of concern.

“(8) As necessary, a description of such legislative or

administrative action as is needed to carry out the Strategy.

“(d) Briefing.—Not later than 30 days after the date on

which the Strategy is completed, the Director shall brief the

committees specified in subsection (a) on the Strategy.”.

SEC. 10. PRIZE CHALLENGES.

The National Quantum Initiative Act (15 U.S.C. 8801 et

seq.) is amended—

(1) by redesignating section 106 as section 107; and

(2) by inserting after section 105A, as added by section

[9], the following:

“SEC. 106. NATIONAL QUANTUM PRIZE CHALLENGES.

“(a) In General.—Subject to the availability of

appropriations, any head of a Federal agency with a

representative serving on the Subcommittee on Quantum

Information Science established under section 103 may,

individually or in cooperation with one or more heads of

Federal agencies—

“(1) conduct a prize competition under section 24 of the

Stevenson-Wydler Technology Innovation Act of 1980 (15 U.S.C.

3719), or such other prize competition authority as may be

available to the head of an agency, to accelerate the

development of applications and algorithms in quantum

information science, engineering, and technology; and

“(2) define a measurable set of performance goals for

participants in the prize competitions to demonstrate their

solutions on a level playing field while making a significant

advancement over the current state of the art.

“(b) Purpose.—Any prize competition carried out under

subsection (a) shall be for the purpose of stimulating

innovation to advance the ability of the United States to

achieve high-priority breakthroughs for applications in

quantum information science, engineering, and technology,

such as in quantum computing, quantum sensing, quantum

communications, quantum networking, quantum algorithms, and

quantum cryptography.

“(c) Coordination With Subcommittees.—Each prize

competition conducted under subsection (a) may be conducted

in coordination with members of the Subcommittee on Quantum

Information Science and the Subcommittee on the Economic and

Security Implications of Quantum Information Science.

“(d) Recommendations.—To assist in the administration of

this section, the Subcommittee on Quantum Information Science

may provide recommendations on key challenges in quantum

information science, engineering, and technology that would

be well suited for a prize competition under subsection (a).

The recommendations shall include a scope for efforts carried

out under such subsection.”.

SEC. 11. SUNSET OF NATIONAL QUANTUM INITIATIVE.

Subsection (a) of section 107 of the National Quantum

Initiative Act (15 U.S.C. 8815), as redesignated by section

[10], is amended to read as follows:

“(a) In General.—Except as provided in subsection (b),

the authority to carry out sections 101, 102, 103, 104, and

105 shall terminate on December 30, 2034.”.

SEC. 12. NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY

ACTIVITIES AND QUANTUM CONSORTIUM.

Section 201 of the National Quantum Initiative Act (15

U.S.C. 8831) is amended—

(1) in subsection (a)—

(A) in paragraph (1), by striking “science and

technology” and inserting “science, engineering, and

technology”;

(B) in paragraph (2)—

(i) by inserting “attract, educate, and” before

“train”; and

(ii) by striking “science and technology” and inserting

“science, engineering, and technology”;

“(3) shall carry out research to facilitate the

development and standardization, as appropriate, of quantum

cryptography, post-quantum cryptography (as such term is

defined in section 3 of the Quantum Computing Cybersecurity

Preparedness Act (6 U.S.C. 1526 note; Public Law 117-260)),

and practices to replace cryptographic keys or algorithms

with minimal disruption to current applications and

systems;”;

(D) by amending paragraph (4) to read as follows:

“(4) shall carry out research, development, and

demonstration projects, as appropriate, to facilitate the

development of quantum applications, including research on

quantum supply chain-enabling technologies, such as lasers,

cryogenics, and other supporting technologies;”;

(E) by redesignating paragraphs (5), (6), and (7) as

paragraphs (7), (8), and (9), respectively;

(F) by inserting after paragraph (4) the following:

“(5) shall promote United States participation in

international standards organizations related to quantum

information science, engineering, and technology;

“(6) shall establish or expand partnerships with the

public sector and private sector—

“(A) to accelerate the development of domestic quantum

supply chain and supply chain-supporting technologies;

“(B) to reduce quantum supply chain vulnerabilities; and

“(C) to avoid offshoring to, or dependence on, foreign

countries of concern for critical components of capabilities

in the quantum supply chain;”;

(G) in paragraph (7), as so redesignated, by striking

“infrastructure” and inserting “, communications, sensing,

and computing”; and

(H) in paragraph (8), as so redesignated—

(i) by inserting “nonprofit research organizations,”

after “universities,”; and

(ii) by striking “and engineering” and inserting “,

engineering, and technology and expanding the domestic STEM

workforce”;

(2) in subsection (b)—

(A) in paragraph (1)—

(i) by striking “future measurement” and inserting

“research, measurement”; and

(ii) by striking “science and technology” and inserting

“science, engineering, and technology”;

(B) in paragraph (2)—

(i) by amending subparagraph (A) to read as follows:

“(A) to gather and assess information on the quantum

industry to address the needs identified in paragraph (1);”;

and

(ii) by striking subparagraphs (B) and (C) and inserting

the following new subparagraphs:

“(B) to provide recommendations regarding how the National

Institute of Standards and Technology, the Program, and other

Federal agencies, as appropriate, can address the gaps in the

research necessary to meet the needs identified in paragraph

(1); and

“(C) to assess and identify key areas for establishing,

expanding, or developing international partnerships that will

meet the needs identified in paragraph (1).”;

(i) by striking “Not later than 2 years after the date of

the enactment of this Act, the” and inserting “The”; and

(ii) by inserting “periodically, but not less frequently

than once every five years,” after “shall”; and

(D) by adding at the end the following new paragraph:

“(4) Sense of congress on coordination.—It is the sense

of Congress that, as may be appropriate, Federal agencies

that are involved in the transition or translation of

research results to practical quantum applications or that

have a mission that could benefit from the development of

quantum technologies, should engage with the consortium to

inform and accelerate progress in such areas.”; and

(3) by striking subsection (c) and inserting the following

new subsections:

“(c) Quantum Supply Chains.—

“(1) Mapping and planning.—The Assistant Secretary of

Commerce for Industry and Analysis shall carry out the

following activities:

“(A) Assess, map, and model supply chains for quantum

networking, quantum computing, quantum communications,

quantum simulation, and quantum sensing technologies and

applications.

“(B) Identify current and future high-priority gaps and

vulnerabilities in quantum supply chains, such as—

“(i) single points of failure, sole source, consolidated

manufacturing, or where there are limited United States and

partner national suppliers; and

“(ii) critical components, elements, materials, equipment,

and infrastructure.

“(C) Identify potential supply chain shocks to the quantum

supply chain that may disrupt, strain, or eliminate the

supply chain.

“(2) Study on critical quantum supply chains.—Not later

than 2 years after the date of the enactment of the National

Quantum Initiative Reauthorization Act of 2026, the Secretary

of Commerce and the Secretary of Energy shall jointly—

“(A) complete a study documenting the critical quantum

supply chains and identified high-priority gaps and

vulnerabilities; and

“(B) submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a

report on the findings with respect to the study completed

pursuant to subparagraph (A).

“(3) Recommendations for avoiding shocks to quantum supply

chains.—Not later than 2 years after the date of the

enactment of the National Quantum Initiative Reauthorization

Act of 2026, the Secretary of Commerce shall, in coordination

with the Secretary of Energy, the Director of the National

Science Foundation, the Secretary of Defense, the

Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space

Administration, the Administrator of the Small Business

Administration, and the heads of such other Federal agencies

as the Secretary of Commerce considers relevant, develop and

submit to the appropriate committees of Congress specific

recommendations for actions to mitigate harm to quantum

supply chains from a supply chain shock.

“(4) Plan to strengthen and secure quantum supply

chains.—Not later than 3 years after the date of the

enactment of the National Quantum Initiative Reauthorization

Act of 2026, the Secretary of Commerce shall submit to the

appropriate committees of Congress a plan identifying

opportunities to strengthen supply chains and build capacity.

“(d) International Quantum Research and Metrology.—

“(1) In general.—The Director of the National Institute

of Standards and Technology shall, in coordination with the

Secretary of State and the Director of the National Science

Foundation, promote, establish, and support international

quantum information science, engineering, and technology

research, metrology research, and standardization, as

appropriate, to enhance international cooperation, meet

United States commitments, and support United States

engagement in international voluntary standards for quantum

information science, engineering, and technology.

“(2) Alignment.—In carrying out this section, the

Director of the National Institute of Standards and

Technology shall ensure alignment with the National Quantum

Information Science Strategy and the U.S. Government National

Standards Strategy for Critical and Emerging Technology, or

successor strategies.

“(3) Prohibitions.—

“(A) Confucius institutes.—None of the funds made

available under this subsection may be obligated or expended

to an institution of higher education that maintains a

contract or agreement between such institution and a

Confucius Institute (as defined in section 10339A of the

Research and Development, Competition, and Innovation Act (42

U.S.C. 19039)) or any successor of a Confucius Institute.

“(B) Foreign countries or entities of concern.—None of

the funds made available under this subsection may be

obligated or expended to promote, establish, or finance

quantum research activities between a United States entity

and a foreign country of concern or foreign entity of

concern, including the entity's subsidiaries, except such

restriction shall not apply to participation by award

recipients in consensus-based international standardization

activities.

“(e) Post-quantum Cryptography Deployment.—

“(1) Definitions.—In this subsection:

“(A) Appropriate congressional committees.—The term

`appropriate congressional committees' means—

“(i) the Committee on Commerce, Science, and

Transportation of the Senate; and

“(ii) the Committee on Energy and Commerce of the House of

Representatives.

“(B) Classical computer; quantum computer.—The terms

`classical computer' and `quantum computer' have the meanings

given such terms in section 3 of the Quantum Computing

Cybersecurity Preparedness Act (Public Law 117-260; 6 U.S.C.

1526 note).

“(C) Critical infrastructure sectors.—The term `critical

infrastructure sectors' means the critical infrastructure

sectors defined in the National Security Memorandum on

`Critical Infrastructure Security and Resilience' (NSM-22),

dated April 30, 2024.

“(D) Post-quantum cryptography.—The term `post-quantum

cryptography'—

“(i) means those cryptographic algorithms or methods that

are assessed not to be specifically vulnerable to attack by

either a quantum computer or classical computer; and

“(ii) includes—

“(I) the lattice-based digital signature algorithm

specified in National Institute of Standards and Technology

Federal Information Processing Standards Publication 204

(dated August 13, 2024; relating to Module-Lattice-Based

Digital Signature Standard), or any successor standard;

“(II) the module-lattice-based key-encapsulation mechanism

specified in National Institute of Standards and Technology

Federal Information Processing Standards Publication 203

(dated August 13, 2024; relating to Module-Lattice-Based Key-

Encapsulation Mechanism Standard), or any successor standard;

and

“(III) any cryptographic algorithm or method implemented

in accordance with National Institute of Standards and

Technology Federal Information Processing Standard

Publication 140-3 (dated March 22, 2019; relating to Security

Requirements for Cryptographic Modules), or any successor

standard, operating within a zero trust architecture as

described in National Institute of Standards and Technology

Special Publication 800-207 (dated August 2020; relating to

Zero Trust Architecture), or any successor standard.

“(E) Sector risk management agency.—The term `sector risk

management agency' has the meaning given such term in section

2200 of the Homeland Security Act of 2002 (6 U.S.C. 650).

“(2) Guidance on upgrading to post-quantum cryptography.—

“(A) In general.—Not later than 180 days after the date

of the enactment of this subsection, the Director of the

National Institute of Standards and Technology, in

consultation with the Director of the Office of Science and

Technology Policy, the Secretary of Homeland Security, and

the head of any other agency the Director of the National

Institute of Standards and Technology considers appropriate,

shall establish guidance for upgrading information systems to

post-quantum cryptography, including guidance that is

specifically tailored for critical infrastructure sectors.

“(B) Dissemination of guidance.—

“(i) In general.—The Director of the National Institute

of Standards and Technology shall make available to entities

in the private sector the guidance established under

subparagraph (A).

“(ii) Special publications.—The Director may satisfy the

requirement under clause (i) through the publication of

Special Publications.

“(3) Strategy for federal agency upgrade to post-quantum

cryptography.—

“(A) National quantum cybersecurity upgrade strategy.—The

Secretary of Commerce, in coordination with the Director of

the Office of Science and Technology Policy and in

consultation with the Quantum Economic Development Consortium

and the head of any other agency the Secretary of Commerce

considers appropriate, shall develop a National Quantum

Cybersecurity Upgrade Strategy that includes the following:

“(i) A definition of a cryptographically relevant quantum

computer.

“(ii) Recommended standards to apply to determine whether

a quantum computer meets such definition, including—

“(I) the characteristics of such computers; and

“(II) the particular point at which such computers are

capable of attacking real-world systems that classical

computers are unable to attack.

“(iii) Guidelines for assessing the urgency of upgrading

to post-quantum cryptography for each Federal agency relative

to—

“(I) the critical functions of each agency; and

“(II) the risk each agency faces should a

cryptographically relevant quantum computer attack a system

operated by the agency.

“(iv) Recommended performance measures for upgrading to

post-quantum cryptography for the following tasks:

“(I) Preparation for upgrading to post-quantum

cryptography, including—

“(aa) the adoption of hardware integrating quantum-

resistant cryptographic algorithms; and

“(bb) the deployment of software-only post-quantum

cryptography overlays that meet or exceed security standards

set forth in the Federal Information Processing Standards

issued by the National Institute of Standards and Technology.

“(II) Establishment of a baseline understanding of the

data inventory, including through the use of automated tools

to identify assets.

“(III) Planning and execution of post-quantum

cryptographic solutions, including ensuring that data at rest

and in motion is subject to appropriate protections.

“(IV) Monitoring and evaluating the success of the upgrade

and assessing the security of the system.

“(v) A plan for implementing the above performance

measures, including evaluating and monitoring entities that

are at high risk of quantum attacks, including sector risk

management agencies.

“(B) Report to congress.—Not later than 360 days after

the date of the enactment of this subsection, the Director of

the National Institute of Standards and Technology shall

submit to the appropriate congressional committees a report

that includes the National Quantum Cybersecurity Upgrade

Strategy developed under subparagraph (A).

“(4) Rule of construction.—Nothing in this section may be

construed to authorize the development or implementation of

any rulemaking or regulatory action for non-Federal entities.

“(f) Funding.—

“(1) Authorization of appropriations.—There is authorized

to be appropriated to the Director of the National Institute

of Standards and Technology to carry out this section

$85,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2026 through 2030.

“(2) Derivation of funds.—Amounts made available pursuant

to paragraph (1) for each of fiscal years 2026 and 2027 shall

be derived from amounts authorized to be appropriated for the

National Institute of Standards and Technology pursuant to

section 10211 of the Research and Development, Competition,

and Innovation Act (Public Law 117-167) for scientific and

technical research and services laboratory activities.”.

SEC. 13. NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY

QUANTUM CENTERS.

Title II of the National Quantum Initiative Act is amended

by adding at the end the following new sections:

“SEC. 202. NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY

QUANTUM CENTERS.

“(a) Establishment.—

“(1) In general.—Subject to the availability of

appropriations, the Director of the National Institute of

Standards and Technology shall, in consultation with such

heads of other Federal departments and agencies as the

Director considers appropriate, carry out a program to

establish and operate at least 1, but not more than 3,

centers to accelerate research, development, deployment, and

standardization of quantum information science, engineering,

and technology.

“(2) Program details.—

“(A) Competitive, merit-based review process.—The centers

established and operated under paragraph (1) shall be

established through a competitive, merit-based review process

described in paragraph (5).

“(B) Applications.—An eligible applicant described in

subparagraph (C) seeking to establish and operate a center

described in paragraph (1) shall submit to the Director of

the National Institute of Standards and Technology an

application therefor at such time, in such manner, and

containing such information as the Director determines to be

necessary to evaluate the application using the criteria

described in paragraph (5).

“(C) Eligible applicants.—Eligible applicants described

in this subparagraph are the following:

“(i) Institutions of higher education.

“(ii) Nonprofit organizations.

“(iii) Multi-institution collaborations, including

multiple types of research institutions, private sector

entities, Federal laboratories, and nonprofit organizations,

or consortia thereof.

“(3) Selection of applications and prioritized topics.—

The Director of the National Institute of Standards and

Technology shall solicit proposals and prioritize the

following topics in the initial selection of applications

submitted under paragraph (2)(B), subject to merit-based

review (including review of the criteria described in

paragraph (5)):

“(A) Advancing quantum sensing and measurement

technologies.

“(B) Advancing the manufacturing and scale-up of quantum

systems and quantum-enabling technologies.

“(C) Addressing technology barriers to quantum networking

and communications.

“(4) Grants.—

“(A) In general.—The Director shall carry out the program

required by paragraph (1) through the award of grants to

eligible applicants seeking to establish and operate centers

under the program.

“(B) Duration of grant awards.—Subject to the

availability of appropriations, the duration of a grant

awarded under subparagraph (A) shall be a period of 5 years.

“(C) Renewal.—Subject to the availability of

appropriations, each grant awarded under subparagraph (A) may

be renewed for successive periods of 5 years following a

successful merit-based review by the Director.

“(D) Termination.—Consistent with the authorities of the

Institute, the Director may terminate a grant awarded under

subparagraph (A) for an underperforming center for cause

during the performance period of the grant.

“(5) Competitive, merit-based review process.—The

Director shall award grants under this subsection using a

formal, merit-based review process for evaluating

applications received by the Director under paragraph (2)(B)

that shall—

“(A) ensure that grants are awarded to the most

technically sound and strategically aligned quantum

technology proposals;

“(B) prioritize proposals that demonstrate strong

potential to enhance leadership by the United States in

quantum applications, quantum metrology, and the development

of quantum standards;

“(C) support initiatives that align with the strategic

goals of the National Institute of Standards and Technology

while avoiding unnecessary duplication of efforts led by

other Federal agencies;

“(D) facilitate a competitive, transparent, and objective

selection process, utilizing qualified subject-matter

experts; and

“(E) include appropriate consideration of project

feasibility, cost-effectiveness, technological maturity, and

risk mitigation.

“(b) Requirements.—To the maximum extent practicable,

centers established and operated under this section shall

serve the mission of the National Institute of Standards and

Technology, for the benefit of the broader United States

quantum information science community, for the following

purposes:

“(1) Advancing research and standardization in quantum

information science, engineering, and technology.

“(2) Advancing technology development.

“(3) Improving the competitiveness of the United States.

“(c) Coordination.—The Director of the National Institute

of Standards and Technology shall ensure coordination and

avoid unnecessary duplication of the activities carried out

under this section with existing activities of the Institute,

other activities carried out under this Act, and other

related programs, as appropriate.

“(d) Commercial Technology.—Each center established under

this section may leverage commercially available hardware and

software to carry out the activities described in subsection

(a), unless such hardware or software is manufactured in, or

by, a foreign country of concern.

“(e) Funding.—The Director of the National Institute of

Standards and Technology shall allocate up to $18,000,000 for

each center established under this section for each of fiscal

years 2026 through 2030, subject to the availability of

appropriations. Such amounts shall be derived from amounts

appropriated pursuant to section 10211 of the Research and

Development, Competition, and Innovation Act (Public Law 117-

167).

“(f) Briefing Requirements.—Not later than 1 year after

the date of the enactment of the National Quantum Initiative

Reauthorization Act of 2026, and not less frequently than

once each year thereafter, the Director of the National

Institute of Standards and Technology shall provide the

Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the

Senate and the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology of

the House of Representatives a briefing on current and

planned activities under this section.

“SEC. 203. RESEARCH SECURITY.

“The activities authorized under this title shall be

carried out in a manner consistent with subtitle D of title

VI of the Research and Development, Competition, and

Innovation Act (42 U.S.C. 19231 et seq.) and section 6432 of

the Servicemember Quality of Life Improvement and National

Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2025 (Public Law

118-159; 42 U.S.C. 7144b note).

“SEC. 204. COLLABORATION FOR QUANTUM APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT

ACCELERATION.

“(a) Definition of Near-term Use Case.—In this section,

the term `near-term use case' means—

“(1) in the case of an application that includes the

development of quantum computing hardware, an application

that can be developed and deployed in less than 3 years; or

“(2) in the case of an application that includes quantum

technologies in general, including quantum communication,

sensing, algorithm development for hybrid applications,

supply chain innovation, or demonstrations of computational

advantage, where new quantum computer hardware would not need

to be developed, an application that can be developed and

deployed in less than 18 months.

“(b) Establishment of Collaborative Venture for Quantum

Application Development Acceleration.—Consistent with the

activities authorized under this title, the Director of the

National Institute of Standards and Technology shall

establish or expand an existing collaborative venture or

consortia with other public or private sector entities—

“(1) for innovation and development of applications using

quantum information sciences with a focus on near-term use

cases; and

“(2) that can be used to develop and test demonstrations,

proofs of concept, and pilot applications.

“(c) Coordination and Engagement.—In carrying out

subsection (b), the Director shall —

“(1) coordinate activities with the members of the

Subcommittee on Quantum Information Science and the

Subcommittee on Economic and Security Implications of Quantum

Science; and

“(2) engage with the Quantum Economic Development

Consortium, the National Laboratories (as defined in section

2 of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (42 U.S.C. 15801)),

federally funded research and development centers, and other

members of the United States quantum computing and quantum

information ecosystem, including industry.

“(d) Success Metrics.—In administering this section, the

Director shall, in consultation with the entities described

in subsection (c), define clear success metrics for the

quantum sandbox established under subsection (b).

“(e) Coordination.— The Director shall ensure

coordination and avoid unnecessary duplication of the

activities carried out under this section with existing

activities of the Institute, other activities carried out

under this Act, and other related programs, as

appropriate.”.

SEC. 14. FEASIBILITY STUDY ON MANUFACTURING USA INSTITUTE

FOR QUANTUM MANUFACTURING.

(a) Definition of Manufacturing USA Institute.—In this

section, the term “Manufacturing USA institute” has the

meaning

given such term in section 34(d) of the National Institute of

Standards and Technology Act (15 U.S.C. 278s(d)).

(b) Study Required.—The Director of the National Institute

of Standards and Technology shall, in consultation with the

Secretary of Energy and the members of the Subcommittee on

Quantum Information Science and the Subcommittee on the

Economic and Security Implications of Quantum Science,

conduct a study on the feasibility of establishing or

supporting a Manufacturing USA institute focused on quantum

manufacturing, including manufacturing capabilities and

activities related to quantum computing (inclusive of all

modalities and qubit architectures), quantum sensing, and

quantum networking.

subsection (b), the Director shall, to the maximum extent

practicable—

(1) determine the manufacturing capabilities necessary to

produce reliable quantum components and systems at scale and

identify gaps in access to such capabilities and limited

domestic sources;

(2) evaluate the extent to which such capabilities and gaps

are already addressed, or could reasonably be addressed, by

private industry, existing Manufacturing USA institutes, or

other Federal programs;

(3) evaluate existing Federal and non-Federal efforts

relating to quantum computing, quantum sensing, and quantum

networking to determine whether any proposed Manufacturing

USA institute would duplicate or overlap with ongoing

activities;

(4) evaluate whether and to what extent barriers to

technology development and transition, including those

associated with moving from early-stage research to scaled

production, are persistent and not already being addressed

through private sector investment or existing Federal

programs;

(5) evaluate the feasibility of supporting domestic

activities that include the capability to design, fabricate,

and test materials, devices, structures, and manufacturing

processes for quantum technologies or systems;

(6) evaluate the full lifecycle costs of establishing,

operating, and sustaining a Manufacturing USA institute for

quantum manufacturing, including long-term Federal funding

requirements, administrative costs, and risks of cost

escalation;

(7) evaluate alternative approaches, including leveraging

existing Manufacturing USA institutes, targeted competitive

grants, public-private partnerships, or other mechanisms that

may more efficiently address identified barriers to

technology development and transition; and

(8) evaluate the estimated economic impact associated with

the establishment of a Manufacturing USA institute described

in subsection (b), including impacts on regional economies,

suppliers, and job growth.

(d) Report to Congress.—Not later than 1 year after the

date of the enactment of this Act, the Director shall submit

to Congress a report describing the findings of the Director

with respect to the study conducted under subsection (b).

SEC. 15. NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION QUANTUM INFORMATION

SCIENCE RESEARCH AND EDUCATION ACTIVITIES.

Section 301 of the National Quantum Initiative Act (15

U.S.C. 8841) is amended—

(1) in the section heading, by inserting “, engineering,

and technology” after “science”;

(2) in subsection (a), by striking “science and

engineering” and inserting “science, engineering, and

technology”;

(3) in subsection (b)—

(A) in paragraph (1)—

(i) in subparagraph (A), by striking “science and

engineering” and inserting “science, engineering, and

technology”; and

(ii) in subparagraph (B)—

(I) by striking “human resources” and inserting

“education and workforce”; and

(II) by striking “science and engineering” and inserting

“science, engineering, and technology”; and

(B) in paragraph (2)—

(i) in subparagraph (A)—

(I) in clause (i)—

(aa) by striking “science and engineering” and inserting

“science, engineering, and technology”; and

(bb) by striking “and” after the semicolon;

(II) in clause (ii), by inserting “and” after the

semicolon; and

(III) by adding at the end the following:

“(iii) to pursue research at the frontiers of quantum

information science, engineering, and technology, and explore

solutions to important challenges for the development and

application of quantum technologies;”;

(ii) in subparagraph (B), by striking “science and

engineering” and inserting “science, engineering, and

technology”; and

(iii) in subparagraph (C), by striking “science and

engineering” and inserting “science, engineering, and

technology”;

(4) by striking subsection (c) and inserting the following:

“(c) Student Traineeships, Fellowships, and Other

Models.—

“(1) Quantum traineeships.—The Director of the National

Science Foundation, in consultation with heads of Federal

agencies as the Director considers appropriate, may use

existing programs to make awards to institutions of higher

education or nonprofit organizations (or consortia thereof)—

“(A) to provide traineeships to graduate students at

institutions of higher education within the United States who

are citizens of the United States and who choose or plan to

pursue master or doctoral degrees in quantum information

science, engineering, and technology, or related fields; and

“(B) to provide such graduate students with opportunities

for research experiences in government or industry related to

such students' quantum studies.

“(2) Quantum fellowships and scholarships.—

“(A) In general.—The Director of the National Science

Foundation, in consultation with heads of Federal agencies as

the Director considers appropriate, may use existing programs

to support fellowships and scholarships for students at

institutions of higher education for the purpose of—

“(i) increasing quantum information science, engineering,

and technology exposure for undergraduate and graduate STEM

students; and

“(ii) increasing postgraduation employment opportunities

for STEM students who demonstrate potential to pursue careers

in quantum information science, engineering, and technology.

“(B) Requirements.—An eligible participant in the

fellowship and scholarship program under this paragraph

shall—

“(i) be enrolled in or have graduated from a STEM degree

program at an institution of higher education within the

United States; and

“(ii) have demonstrated interest in quantum information

science, engineering, and technology, such as by taking not

less than 1 quantum science or quantum-relevant course as

part of the participant's degree program or by participating

in a summer school program that focuses on quantum

information science, engineering, and technology.

“(C) Considerations.—Eligible fellowships and scholarship

programs under this paragraph may include temporary quantum-

related positions at Federal or State agencies, National

Laboratories, private sector entities, institutions of higher

education, the quantum centers established under section 202,

the Multidisciplinary Centers for Quantum Research and

Education established under section 302, the National Quantum

Information Science Research Centers established under

section 402, and the initiatives established under section

503, or other quantum-relevant entities, as determined

appropriate by the Director.

“(D) Competitive awards.—Fellowships and scholarships

awarded under this paragraph shall be competitively awarded

through a merit-based review process. The Director of the

National Science Foundation may prioritize fellowships that

include an industry partner that provides financial

assistance to awardees for direct or indirect costs.

“(3) Quantum research experiences for undergraduates.—The

Director of the National Science Foundation shall seek to

increase opportunities for quantum research for undergraduate

students by encouraging proposals in quantum information

science, engineering, and technology, through the research

experiences for undergraduates provided under section 514 of

the America COMPETES Reauthorization Act of 2010 (42 U.S.C.

1862p-6).

“(4) Cooperative education programs.—The Director of the

National Science Foundation, in consultation with heads of

Federal agencies the Director considers appropriate, may

establish, or use existing, programs to support cooperative

education programs between institutions of higher education

and employers that increase opportunities for undergraduate

students to acquire experiential learning and professional

experiences in quantum information science, engineering, and

technology.

“(5) Partnerships.—In carrying out the activities under

this subsection, the Director of the National Science

Foundation shall encourage recipients of awards under this

subsection to partner with relevant Federal agencies, Federal

laboratories, industry and other private sector

organizations, and nonprofit organizations to facilitate the

expansion of workforce pathways and hands-on learning

experiences.”;

(5) in subsection (d)—

(A) in the subsection heading, by striking “QISE” and

inserting “QISET”;

(B) in paragraph (1)—

(i) by striking “information science and engineering

(referred to in this subsection as `QISE')” and inserting

“information science, engineering, and technology (referred

to in this subsection as `QISET')”;

(ii) by striking “at all education levels, including

community colleges” and inserting “at appropriate education

levels, including community colleges and career and technical

education entities”;

(i) in subparagraph (A), by striking “QISE” and inserting

“quantum information science, engineering, and technology”;

(ii) by striking subparagraph (C);

(iii) by redesignating subparagraphs (D) and (E) as

subparagraphs (C) and (D), respectively;

(iv) in subparagraph (C), as so redesignated—

(I) by inserting “, engineering, and technology” after

“science”; and

(II) by inserting “, including those principles relevant

to emerging technologies, such as artificial intelligence,

microelectronics, and nanotechnology” after “fields”; and

(v) by inserting after subparagraph (D), as so

redesignated, the following:

“(E) Methods to introduce security dimensions associated

with quantum information science, engineering, and technology

into STEM curricula.”;

(D) in paragraph (3), by striking “QISE” and inserting

“quantum information science, engineering, and technology”;

and

(E) by striking paragraph (4); and

(6) by adding at the end the following:

“(e) International Research on Quantum Information

Science, Engineering, and Technology.—

“(1) In general.—The Director of the National Science

Foundation, in coordination with the Secretary of State and

the heads of other Federal agencies, as appropriate, shall

support international quantum information science,

engineering, and technology research, as appropriate, to

enhance international cooperation and meet United States

commitments, including as part of the terms and conditions of

bilateral or multilateral quantum information science,

engineering, and technology research agreements.

“(2) Alignment.—In carrying out this subsection, the

Director of the National Science Foundation shall ensure

alignment with the national strategy for quantum information

science in accordance with Executive Order 14073 (87 Fed.

Reg. 27909; relating to enhancing the National Quantum

Initiative Advisory Committee) or successor strategies.

“(3) Priority.—The Director shall prioritize research

programs with countries that have signed a quantum

cooperation statement with the United States.

“(4) Restrictions.—

“(A) Confucius institutes.—None of the funds made

available under this subsection may be obligated or expended

to an institution of higher education that maintains a

contract or agreement between such institution and a

Confucius Institute, as defined in section 10339A of the

Research and Development, Competition, and Innovation Act (42

U.S.C. 19039) or any successor of a Confucius Institute.

“(B) Foreign country of concern and foreign entity of

concern.—None of the funds made available under this

subsection may be obligated or expended to promote,

establish, or finance quantum research activities between a

United States entity and a foreign country of concern or

foreign entity of concern, including the entity's

subsidiaries.

“(f) Upgrading and Improving Access to Quantum Research

Resources.—

“(1) In general.—In carrying out the activities described

in this section, the Director of the National Science

Foundation, in consultation with the heads of other Federal

departments and agencies, as appropriate, shall award grants

to institutions of higher education or eligible nonprofit

organizations (or consortia thereof) to upgrade research

facilities and improve access to research resources, such as

equipment and instrumentation, that is needed for research

and development in quantum information science, engineering,

and technology.

“(2) Purpose.—Grants under paragraph (1) shall be used to

facilitate quantum information science, engineering, and

technology research and development, including by carrying

out the following:

“(A) Upgrading or adding research resources to—

“(i) accelerate the development of quantum technologies,

including capabilities focused on addressing the roadblocks

to implementation; and

“(ii) meet the materials, advanced materials development,

high-performance computing, heterogeneous computing,

networking, software, data, clean room, and device needs of

the scientific community and the quantum supply chain.

“(B) Enhancing access to equipment and instrumentation,

including at partnering institutions, by facilitating

information sharing, coordination, education, and training,

including activities that provide meaningful hands-on

learning experiences for students, including at community and

technical colleges.

“(C) Enabling professional staff to support the operation,

scheduling, and improvement of research resources used for

quantum information science, engineering, and technology.

“(D) Expanding access for industry to quantum research

infrastructure by prioritizing the placement of equipment and

instrumentation in user-access facilities that support rapid

iteration, including regional technology hubs, industry

parks, co-locations operated by institutions of higher

education and industry, and private sector testbeds.

“(3) Requirements.—An institution of higher education or

an eligible nonprofit organization (or a consortium thereof)

seeking funding under this subsection shall submit to the

Director of the National Science Foundation an application at

such time, in such manner, and containing such information as

the Director may require.”.

SEC. 16. MULTIDISCIPLINARY CENTERS FOR QUANTUM RESEARCH

AND EDUCATION.

Section 302 of the National Quantum Initiative Act (15

U.S.C. 8842) is amended—

(1) in subsection (a), by striking “5” and inserting

“8”;

(2) in subsection (c)—

(A) in paragraph (1), by striking “science and

engineering” and inserting “science, engineering, and

technology”;

(B) in paragraph (2), by striking “and engineering” and

inserting “, engineering, and technology, including

leveraging or expanding activities established pursuant to

section 301(d)”;

available hardware and software” after “resources”; and

(D) by adding at the end the following:

“(4) supporting research and development in enabling

fields essential to the advancement of quantum information

science, engineering, and technology, including materials

science, fabrication science, and physics;

“(5) encouraging the establishment of multidisciplinary

quantum research and education centers that leverage existing

domestic infrastructure, including data centers and

communications networks, to support the demonstration and

field application of quantum technologies; and

“(6) promoting partnerships with industry to accelerate

technology transfer and support domestic quantum

innovation.”;

(3) in subsection (d)(2)—

(A) in subparagraph (A), by striking “quantum science,”

and inserting “quantum information science, engineering, and

technology,”;

(B) in subparagraph (B), by inserting “biotechnology,”

after “chemistry,”;

semicolon;

(D) in subparagraph (E), by striking the period and

inserting a semicolon; and

(E) by adding at the end the following:

“(F) how the Center will participate in international

collaborations, as appropriate, to build a trusted global

research network with allies and partners of the United

States and other countries that share values with the United

States;

“(G) how the Center will protect research from foreign

countries of concern and foreign entities of concern, and the

subsidiaries of such foreign entities, to ensure the

competitiveness of the United States; and

“(H) how the Center will regularly assess and report on

progress toward achieving self-sustainability, including

metrics, milestones, and a timeline for meeting the long-term

goal described in subparagraph (E).”;

(4) in subsection (e), by striking paragraph (2) and

inserting the following:

“(2) Reapplication.—An awardee may reapply for an

additional subsequent period of 5 years following a

successful merit-based review.”;

(5) in subsection (f), by striking “2019 through 2023”

and inserting “2026 through 2030”; and

(6) by adding at the end the following:

“(g) Consultation With Regional Technology and Innovation

Hubs.—

“(1) In general.—In carrying out the activities of the

Multidisciplinary Centers for Quantum Research and Education

under this section, the Director of the National Science

Foundation shall consult with the Secretary of Commerce

regarding opportunities for such centers to engage in

research and development activities with regional technology

and innovation hubs designated under section 28 of the

Stevenson-Wydler Technology Innovation Act of 1980 (15 U.S.C.

3722a) that have a primary focus on quantum information

science, engineering, and technology.

“(2) Consultation.—Consultation under paragraph (1) may

include discussion of—

“(A) opportunities to align Federal research priorities

with the research, development, technology translation, and

workforce development activities of the designated regional

technology and innovation hubs; and

“(B) opportunities for researcher exchange programs and

sharing of facilities between the centers and the hubs.

“(3) Rule of construction.—Nothing in this subsection

shall be construed—

“(A) to transfer the ownership or administrative control

of any research facility; or

“(B) to alter the existing authorities or mission-related

responsibilities of the Federal agencies, companies, or

institutions that own or operate such facilities.

“(h) Briefing Requirements.—Not later than 1 year after

the date of the enactment of the National Quantum Initiative

Reauthorization Act of 2026, and not less frequently than

annually thereafter, the Director of the National Science

Foundation shall brief the appropriate committees of Congress

on current and planned activities under this section. Each

briefing shall include—

“(1) an assessment of how each Center is progressing

toward the goal of self-sustainability described in

subsection (d)(2)(E); and

“(2) a summary of the most recent reports submitted by the

Centers regarding such progress in accordance with subsection

(d)(2)(H).”.

SEC. 17. QUANTUM TESTBEDS; RESEARCH SECURITY.

Title III of the National Quantum Initiative Act (15 U.S.C.

8841 et seq.) is amended by adding at the end the following:

“SEC. 303. QUANTUM TESTBEDS.

“(a) In General.—Not later than 1 year after the date of

enactment of the National Quantum Initiative Reauthorization

Act of 2026, the Director of the National Science Foundation,

in coordination with the Director of the National Institute

of Standards and Technology, the Secretary of Energy, the

Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space

Administration, and the heads of other Federal agencies, as

determined appropriate by the Director of the National

Science Foundation, shall make awards on a competitive,

merit-based review basis to institutions of higher education,

nonprofit organizations, federally funded research and

development centers, or consortia thereof, to establish

testbeds focused on quantum applications.

“(b) Purposes.—The quantum testbeds established under

subsection (a) shall focus on advancing early-stage quantum

research toward validated and deployable quantum

applications, as determined by the Director of the National

Science Foundation, through proof-of-concept testing,

demonstrations, pilot projects, benchmarking, and

prototyping, by—

“(1) supporting translational quantum research and

development activities for quantum application use cases,

including, for testbeds featuring quantum software and

quantum algorithms driving toward utility, leveraging

approaches such as algorithm innovation and tools such as

resource estimators;

“(2) providing accessible research resources for

developing, testing, and benchmarking the application of

quantum technologies to likely use cases, including enabling

quantum cloud access;

“(3) investing in quantum computing technologies that show

promise for viability, including directing funding to advance

each layer of the stack and related systems engineering and

integration;

“(4) demonstrating feasibility and establishing cost and

benefit to facilitate transition to real-world applications

or agency adoption; and

“(5) supporting the co-location of quantum

instrumentation, fabrication, and enabling technologies

within testbeds and affiliated user-access facilities to

enable rapid prototyping, iteration, and scale-up for

industry.

“(c) Applications.—An applicant for an award under this

section shall submit to the Director of the National Science

Foundation an application at such time, in such manner, and

containing such information as the Director determines to be

necessary to evaluate the application using the criteria

described in subsection (d). The application shall, at a

minimum, describe the following:

“(1) How the applicant will assemble a workforce with the

skills needed to operate a quantum testbed.

“(2) How the applicant will ensure broad access to a

quantum testbed, including for start-ups and research

institutions.

“(3) How a quantum testbed will operate after Federal

funding has ended.

“(4) How the applicant will contribute to the quantum

testbed, such as through funding or other resources required

to develop quantum applications.

“(5) How the applicant will protect any research or

advancements made as a result of using the quantum testbed.

“(6) How the applicant will facilitate transition of

testbed outcomes to subsequent development stages, including

real-world applications or agency use.

“(d) Competitive, Merit-based Review Process.—The

Director of the National Science Foundation shall select

applications submitted under subsection (c) for awards using

a formal merit-based review process that shall—

“(1) ensure that applications selected are the most

technically sound and strategically aligned;

“(2) prioritize applications that demonstrate strong

potential to enhance United States leadership in quantum

applications;

“(3) support initiatives that align with the strategic

goals of the National Science Foundation while avoiding

unnecessary duplication of efforts led by other Federal

agencies;

“(4) facilitate a competitive, transparent, and objective

selection process, utilizing qualified subject-matter

experts; and

“(5) include appropriate consideration of application

feasibility, cost-effectiveness, technological maturity, and

risk mitigation.

“(e) Prioritization.—In awarding grants under this

section, the Director of the National Science Foundation

shall prioritize the following:

“(1) Applicants that ensure that not less than 25 percent

of the cost for a quantum testbed established under this

section is provided by private or non-Federal entities,

including through in-kind contributions.

“(2) Awards for consortia that include quantum industry

participation.

“(3) Applicants that demonstrate a plan for transitioning

quantum testbed outcomes, including through partnerships with

industry or Federal agency end-users.

“(f) Roles and Responsibilities.—The Director of the

National Science Foundation shall be responsible for the

following:

“(1) Maintaining a record of notable outcomes from each

quantum testbed established under this section.

“(2) Partnering with other Federal agencies to enable

opportunities for quantum testbed outcomes to be transitioned

to such agencies in alignment with the missions of such

agencies.

“(3) Not later than 1 year after the date of the enactment

of the National Quantum Initiative Reauthorization Act of

2026 and every 2 years thereafter until December 31, 2030,

briefing the appropriate committees of Congress on the status

of such quantum testbeds and providing recommendations for

improving such quantum testbeds.

“(g) Coordination.—In supporting quantum testbeds

established under this section, the Director of the National

Science Foundation shall ensure coordination with other

testbeds and other quantum facilities hosting Federal quantum

technology and infrastructure supported by the National

Science Foundation, including those testbeds and facilities

authorized pursuant to section 10390 of the Research and

Development, Competition, and Innovation Act (42 U.S.C.

19110), or by other Federal agencies as determined

appropriate by the Director, to avoid duplication and

maximize use of Federal resources.

“(h) Stakeholder Collaboration.—In carrying out this

section, the Director of the National Science Foundation

shall collaborate with the Quantum Consortium established

pursuant to section 201(b) to accomplish the purposes of the

quantum testbeds program described in subsection (b) and

ensure there is strong collaboration with industry

stakeholders. The Director may also engage with National

Laboratories, federally funded research and development

centers, industry, and other members of the United States

quantum ecosystem.

“SEC. 304. RESEARCH SECURITY.

“(a) Research Security.—The activities authorized under

this title shall be carried out in a manner consistent with

subtitle D of title VI of the Research and Development,

Competition, and Innovation Act (42 U.S.C. 19231 et seq.).

“(b) Review of Visitors and Assignees From Countries of

Risk.—The Director of the National Science Foundation shall

establish policies and procedures to assess and screen

visitors and assignees to National Science Foundation-

supported facilities that are similar, to the extent

practicable, to the policies and procedures regarding

visitors and assignees to the National Laboratories that were

established in accordance with section 6432 of the

Servicemember Quality of Life Improvement and National

Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2025 (42 U.S.C.

7144b note).”.

SEC. 18. NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION CRYPTOGRAPHY

RESEARCH.

Section 4(a)(1)(A) of the Cyber Security Research and

Development Act (15 U.S.C. 7403) is amended by inserting “,

including post-quantum cryptography (as such term is defined

in section 3 of the Quantum Computing Cybersecurity

Preparedness Act (6 U.S.C. 1526 note; Public Law 117-260))”

before the semicolon.

SEC. 19. NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION

QUANTUM ACTIVITIES.

(a) In General.—The National Quantum Initiative Act (15

U.S.C. 8801 et seq.) is amended by adding at the end the

following new title:

“TITLE V—NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION QUANTUM

ACTIVITIES

“SEC. 501. DEFINITION OF ADMINISTRATOR.

“In this title, the term `Administrator' means the

Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space

Administration.

“SEC. 502. QUANTUM INFORMATION SCIENCE, ENGINEERING, AND

TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH FOR SPACE AND AERONAUTICS.

“(a) In General.—The Administrator is authorized to carry

out research on quantum information science, engineering, and

technology.

“(b) Cooperation.—In carrying out subsection (a), the

Administrator—

“(1) shall consider cooperative arrangements with the

Department of Energy and other Federal Government agencies,

as practicable, on areas of shared benefit; and

“(2) may enter into memoranda of understanding or

memoranda of agreement to establish such cooperative

arrangements.

“(c) Strategy.—Not later than 180 days after the date of

the enactment of this title, the Administrator shall submit

to the appropriate committees of Congress a strategy for

National Aeronautics and Space Administration research on

quantum information science, engineering, and technology. The

strategy shall identify resources required to support

implementation of the strategy, including budgets, workforce,

and infrastructure, describe cooperative efforts with other

Federal Government agencies, and address areas of research

and applications, including the following:

“(1) Quantum sensing.

“(2) Quantum networking.

“(3) Quantum communications, including quantum satellite

communications.

“(4) Quantum computing.

“(5) Science, aeronautics, and exploration-related

applications.

“(6) Any other area of quantum information, science,

engineering, and technology that furthers the mission of the

National Aeronautics and Space Administration and is

consistent with the purposes of this Act, as the

Administrator considers appropriate.

“(d) Consultation.—In developing the strategy described

in subsection (c), the Administrator may seek input from

relevant external stakeholders, including institutions of

higher education, industry, and nonprofit research

organizations.

“SEC. 503. NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION

QUANTUM INITIATIVES.

“(a) In General.—Subject to the availability of

appropriations, the Administrator, in consultation with the

heads of other Federal departments and agencies, as

appropriate, may establish one or more initiatives focused on

space and aeronautics applications of quantum information

science, engineering, and technology.

“(b) Initiative Details.—

“(1) Merit-based review process.—

“(A) In general.—The Administrator shall develop and

implement a formal, merit-based review process for evaluating

proposals, applications, and initiatives submitted to the

National Aeronautics and Space Administration with respect to

the research, development, or deployment of quantum

technologies with potential relevance to the civil space and

aeronautics missions of the National Aeronautics and Space

Administration.

“(B) Criteria.—The process established under subparagraph

(A) shall be designed—

“(i) to ensure taxpayer dollars are directed to the most

technically sound and strategically aligned quantum

technology proposals;

“(ii) to prioritize applications that demonstrate strong

potential to enhance United States leadership in space-based

quantum applications, including sensing, navigation,

communications, simulation, and computing;

“(iii) to support initiatives that align with the

strategic goals of the National Aeronautics and Space

Administration and avoid unnecessary duplication of efforts

led by other Federal agencies;

“(iv) to facilitate a competitive, transparent, and

objective selection process using qualified subject-matter

experts; and

“(v) to include appropriate consideration of project

feasibility, cost-effectiveness, technological maturity, and

risk mitigation.

“(2) Application requirements.—An applicant under this

section shall submit to the Administrator an application at

such time, in such manner, and containing such technical,

programmatic, and budgetary information as the Administrator

determines necessary to evaluate the application through the

review process developed under paragraph (1).

“(3) Eligible applicants.—In carrying out the process

under paragraph (1), the Administrator shall consider

applications from institutions of higher education, research

centers, multi-institutional collaborations, and any other

entity the Administrator considers appropriate.

“(4) Collaborations.—A collaboration that receives an

award under this section may include multiple types of

research institutions, including institutions of higher

education, private sector entities, and nonprofit

organizations.

“(5) Coordination and accountability.—The Administrator

shall ensure that an awardee under this section—

“(A) coordinates with the National Aeronautics and Space

Administration, including by identifying personnel designated

to serve as program liaisons for technical and programmatic

oversight; and

“(B) avoids unnecessary duplication of existing activities

of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, other

activities carried out under the National Quantum Initiative

Reauthorization Act of 2026 or the amendments made by that

Act, and other related programs.

“(6) Commercial technology.—An initiative established

under this section may leverage commercially available

hardware and software to carry out the activities described

in subsection (c).

“(c) Initiative Activities.—An initiative established

under this section may carry out activities that—

“(1) support research focused on developing and

demonstrating space, aeronautics, and exploration

applications for quantum information science, engineering,

and technology, including research relating to the strategy

developed under section 502(c); and

“(2) support quantum information science, engineering, and

technology education and public outreach.

“(d) Initiative Requirements.—To the maximum extent

practicable, an initiative established under this section

shall serve the needs of the National Aeronautics and Space

Administration for the benefit of the broader United States

quantum information science community, for the purpose of

advancing space and aeronautics applications in quantum

information science, engineering, and technology, and

improving the competitiveness of the United States.

“(e) Initiative Selection and Duration.—

“(1) In general.—Subject to the availability of

appropriations, an initiative established under this section

may carry out activities for a period of 5 years.

“(2) Reapplication.—Subject to the availability of

appropriations, an awardee may reapply for an additional

subsequent period of 5 years following a successful merit-

based review.

“(3) Termination.—Consistent with the authorities of the

National Aeronautics and Space Administration, the

Administrator may terminate the initiative for cause during

the performance period.

“SEC. 504. RESEARCH SECURITY.

“The activities authorized under this title shall be

carried out in a manner consistent with—

“(1) subtitle D of title VI of the Research and

Development, Competition, and Innovation Act (42 U.S.C. 19231

et seq.); and

“(2) section 6432 of the Servicemember Quality of Life

Improvement and National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal

Year 2025 (42 U.S.C. 7144b note; Public Law 118-159).

“SEC. 505. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.

“The Administrator shall allocate up to $25,000,000 for

each of fiscal years 2026 through 2030 to carry out this

title, subject to the availability of appropriations. Amounts

made available to carry out this title shall be derived from

amounts appropriated or otherwise made available to the

National Aeronautics and Space Administration.”.

SEC. 20. COMPTROLLER GENERAL REVIEW AND REPORT.

(a) Review.—Not later than 1 year after the date of the

enactment of this Act, the Comptroller General of the United

States shall conduct a review of existing processes and

reporting requirements associated with research and

development programs established within the National

Institute of Standards and Technology, the National Science

Foundation, and the Department of Energy pursuant to the

National Quantum Initiative Act (15 U.S.C. 8801 et seq.) to

identify potential opportunities—

(1) to reduce duplicative and unnecessary paperwork and

reporting requirements without compromising security,

transparency, and accountability; and

(2) to expedite access to facilities and equipment of the

Federal Government for researchers affiliated with such

programs.

(b) Research and Development Programs Covered.—The review

required under subsection (a) shall cover all research and

development programs established pursuant to sections 201,

302, 402, 403, and 404 of the National Quantum Initiative Act

(15 U.S.C. 8831, 8842, 8852, 8853, and 8854).

review under subsection (a), the Comptroller General shall

submit to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and

Transportation and the Committee on Energy and Natural

Resources of the Senate and the Committee on Science, Space,

and Technology of the House of Representatives a report on

the findings of the review, which shall include

recommendations relating to paragraphs (1) and (2) of such

subsection.

SEC. 21. REVIEW OF REGULATORY BARRIERS TO QUANTUM

INFORMATION SCIENCE, ENGINEERING, AND

TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT.

(a) Definitions.—In this section:

(1) Appropriate committees of congress.—The term

“appropriate committees of Congress” has the meaning given

such term in section 2 of the National Quantum Initiative Act

(15 U.S.C. 8801).

(2) Quantum information science, engineering, and

technology.—The term “quantum information science,

engineering, and technology” has the meaning given such term

in section 2 of the National Quantum Initiative Act (15

U.S.C. 8801), as amended by section [2] of this Act.

(b) Review and Assessment Required.—Not later than 540

days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the

Director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy

shall, in coordination with the National Quantum Coordination

Office, conduct a review to identify and assess any existing

or potential regulatory barriers that inhibit research,

development, deployment, or scaling of quantum information

science, engineering, and technology.

to subsection (b) shall include the following:

(1) An inventory of existing Federal regulations, policies,

and guidance documents that are applicable to quantum

information science, engineering, and technology.

(2) An analysis of whether regulations, policies, and

guidance inventoried pursuant to paragraph (1) impose undue

burdens on academic, private sector, or government-led

quantum information science, engineering, and technology

research or development.

(3) Recommendations to modernize, streamline, or eliminate

duplicative or outdated regulatory barriers identified

pursuant to subsection (b).

(4) Input from stakeholders across industry, academia, and

the National Laboratories with respect to such regulatory

barriers.

(5) Recommended actions to harmonize regulatory

requirements relating to quantum information science,

engineering, and technology across Federal agencies where

inconsistencies exist.

(d) Report.—Not later than 180 days after the date on

which the Director completes the review and assessment

required by subsection (b), the Director shall submit to the

appropriate congressional committees a report detailing the

findings and recommendations described in subsection (c).

(e) Quinquennial Updates.—Not later than 5 years after the

date on which the Director completes the review and

assessment required by subsection (b), and every 5 years

thereafter, the Director shall update the review and

assessment required by subsection (b) and submit to the

appropriate congressional committees an updated report

detailing the findings and recommendations of the Director.

SEC. 22. SUNSET OF NATIONAL NANOTECHNOLOGY PROGRAM.

(a) Sunset of National Nanotechnology Program.—The

National Nanotechnology Program (in this section referred to

as the “Program”) and the authorities and requirements of

the 21st Century Nanotechnology Research and Development Act

(15 U.S.C. 7501 et seq.) are terminated on the date that is

180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act.

(b) Wind-down.—The Director of the Office of Science and

Technology Policy shall take such actions as may be necessary

to terminate and wind down the Program before the date

specified in subsection (a).

(1) In general.—Not later than 90 days after the date of

the enactment of this Act, the Director of the Office of

Science and Technology Policy shall provide to the Committee

on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate and

the Committee on

Science, Space, and Technology of the House of

Representatives a briefing in which the Director shall

present a plan on how the Director will carry out subsection

(b).

(2) Elements.—The plan presented under paragraph (1)

shall—

(A) ensure minimal disruption to ongoing federally funded

research and development activities;

(B) ensure transfer or reassignment of nanotechnology

research infrastructure programs and facilities to minimize

disruption of researcher access to critical tools that

support other national priorities;

active grants, contracts, and personnel associated with the

National Nanotechnology Coordination Office established under

section 3(a) of the 21st Century Nanotechnology Research and

Development Act (15 U.S.C. 7502(a));

(D) identify any relevant responsibilities that should be

reassigned to existing programs at the Office of Science and

Technology Policy; and

(E) minimize duplication and ensure fiscal efficiency in

the conclusion of the Program.

SEC. 23. CLERICAL AMENDMENTS.

The table of contents in section 1(b) of the National

Quantum Initiative Act is amended as follows:

(1) By inserting after the item relating to section 105 the

following new items:

“Sec. 105A. International Quantum Cooperation Strategy.
“Sec. 106. National quantum prize challenges.”.

(2) By inserting after the item relating to section 201 the

following new items:

“Sec. 202. National Institute of Standards and Technology Quantum

Centers. “Sec. 203. Research security. “Sec. 204. Collaboration For Quantum Application Development

Acceleration.”.

(3) By striking the item relating to section 301 and

inserting the following new item:

“Sec. 301. Quantum information science, engineering, and technology

research and education program.”.

(4) By inserting after the item relating to section 302 the

following new items:

“Sec. 303. Quantum testbeds.
“Sec. 304. Research security.”.

(5) By adding at the end the following new items:

“TITLE V—NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION QUANTUM

ACTIVITIES

“Sec. 501. Definition of Administrator. “Sec. 502. Quantum information science, engineering, and technology

research for space and aeronautics. “Sec. 503. National Aeronautics and Space Administration quantum

initiatives.
“Sec. 504. Research security.
“Sec. 505. Authorization of appropriations.”.

SA 5862. Mr. HAWLEY submitted an amendment intended to be proposed by him to the bill S. 4784, to authorize appropriations for fiscal year 2027 for military activities of the Department of Defense, for military construction, and for defense activities of the Department of Energy, to prescribe military personnel strengths for such fiscal year, and for other purposes; which was ordered to lie on the table; as follows:

At the appropriate place, insert the following:

SEC. . PREVENTING ELECTED LEADERS FROM OWNING SECURITIES

AND INVESTMENTS (PELOSI) ACT.

(a) Short Title.—This section may be cited as the

“Preventing Elected Leaders from Owning Securities and

Investments (PELOSI) Act”.

(b) Banning Insider Trading in Congress.—

(1) In general.—Chapter 131 of title 5, United States

Code, is amended by adding at the end the following:

“Subchapter IV—Banning Insider Trading in Congress

“Sec. 13161. Definitions

“In this subchapter:

“(1) Covered financial instrument.—

“(A) In general.—The term `covered financial instrument'

means—

“(i) any investment in—

“(I) a security (as defined in section 3(a) of Securities

Exchange Act of 1934 (15 U.S.C. 78c(a)));

“(II) a security future (as defined in that section); or

“(III) a commodity (as defined in section 1a of the

Commodity Exchange Act (7 U.S.C. 1a)); and

“(ii) any economic interest comparable to an interest

described in clause (i) that is acquired through synthetic

means, such as the use of a derivative, including an option,

a warrant, or other similar means.

“(B) Exclusions.—The term `covered financial instrument'

does not include—

“(i) a diversified mutual fund;

“(ii) a diversified exchange-traded fund;

“(iii) a United States Treasury bill, note, or bond; or

“(iv) compensation from the primary occupation of a spouse

or dependent child of a Member of Congress.

“(2) Dependent child; member of congress.—The terms

`dependent child' and `Member of Congress' have the meanings

given those terms in section 13101.

“(3) Supervising ethics committee.—The term `supervising

ethics committee' means, as applicable—

“(A) the Select Committee on Ethics of the Senate; and

“(B) the Committee on Ethics of the House of

Representatives.

“Sec. 13162. Prohibition on certain transactions and

holdings involving covered financial instruments

“(a) Prohibition.—Except as provided in subsection (b), a

Member of Congress, or any spouse of a Member of Congress,

may not, during the term of service of the Member of

Congress, hold, purchase, or sell any covered financial

instrument.

“(b) Exceptions.—The prohibition under subsection (a)

shall not apply to a sale by a Member of Congress, or a

spouse of a Member of Congress, that is completed by the date

that is—

“(1) for a Member of Congress serving on the date of

enactment of the Preventing Elected Leaders from Owning

Securities and Investments (PELOSI) Act, 180 days after that

date of enactment; and

“(2) for any Member of Congress who commences service as a

Member of Congress after the date of enactment of the

Preventing Elected Leaders from Owning Securities and

Investments (PELOSI) Act, 180 days after the first date of

the initial term of service.

“(c) Penalties.—

“(1) Disgorgement.—A Member of Congress shall disgorge to

the Treasury of the United States any profit from a

transaction or holding involving a covered financial

instrument that is conducted in violation of this section.

“(2) Fines.—A Member of Congress who holds or conducts a

transaction involving, or whose spouse holds or conducts a

transaction involving, a covered financial instrument in

violation of this section may be subject to a civil fine

assessed by the applicable supervising ethics committee under

section 13164.

“Sec. 13163. Certification of compliance

“(a) In General.—Not less frequently than annually, each

Member of Congress shall submit to the applicable supervising

ethics committee a written certification that the Member of

Congress has achieved compliance with the requirements of

this subchapter.

“(b) Publication.—The supervising ethics committees shall

publish each certification submitted under subsection (a) on

a publicly available website.

“Sec. 13164. Authority of supervising ethics committees

“(a) In General.—The supervising ethics committees may

implement and enforce the requirements of this subchapter,

including by—

“(1) issuing—

“(A) for Members of Congress—

“(i) rules governing that implementation; and

“(ii) 1 or more reasonable extensions to achieve

compliance with this subchapter, if the applicable

supervising ethics committee determines that a Member of

Congress is making a good faith effort to divest any covered

financial instruments; and

“(B) guidance relating to covered financial instruments;

“(2) publishing on the internet certifications submitted

by Members of Congress under section 13163(a); and

“(3) assessing civil fines against any Member of Congress

who is in violation of this subchapter, subject to subsection

(b).

“(b) Requirements for Civil Fines.—

“(1) In general.—Before imposing a fine pursuant to this

section, the applicable supervising ethics committee shall

provide to the applicable Member of Congress—

“(A) a written notice describing each covered financial

instrument transaction for which a fine will be assessed; and

“(B) an opportunity, with respect to each such covered

financial instrument transaction—

“(i) for a hearing; and

“(ii) to achieve compliance with the requirements of this

subchapter.

“(2) Enforcement.—

“(A) In general.—In the event of continuing noncompliance

after issuance of the notice described in paragraph (1), the

applicable supervising ethics committee shall impose a civil

penalty, in the amount described in subparagraph (B), on the

Member of Congress to whom a notice was provided—

“(i) on the date that is 30 days after the date of

provision of the notice; and

“(ii) during the period in which such noncompliance

continues, not less frequently than once every 30 days

thereafter.

“(B) Amount.—The amount of each civil penalty imposed on

a Member of Congress pursuant to subparagraph (A) shall be an

amount equal to 10 percent of the value of each covered

financial instrument that was not divested in violation of

this subchapter during the period covered by the penalty.

“(3) Publication.—Each supervising ethics committee shall

publish on a publicly available website a description of—

“(A) each fine assessed by the supervising ethics

committee pursuant to this section;

“(B) the reasons why each such fine was assessed; and

“(C) the result of each assessment, including any hearing

under paragraph (1)(B)(i) relating to the assessment.

“(4) Appeal.—A Member of Congress may appeal the

assessment of a fine under this section to a vote on the

floor of the Senate

or the House of Representatives, as applicable, as a

privileged motion.

“Sec. 13165. Audit by Government Accountability Office

“Not later than 2 years after the date of enactment of the

Preventing Elected Leaders from Owning Securities and

Investments (PELOSI) Act, the Comptroller General of the

United States shall—

“(1) conduct an audit of the compliance by Members of

Congress with the requirements of this subchapter; and

“(2) submit to the supervising ethics committees a report

describing the results of the audit conducted under paragraph

(1).”.

(2) Conforming amendments.—

(A) Table of sections.—The table of sections for chapter

131 of title 5, United States Code, is amended by adding at

the end the following:

“subchapter iv—banning insider trading in congress

“13161. Definitions. “13162. Prohibition on certain transactions and holdings involving

covered financial instruments.
“13163. Certification of compliance.
“13164. Authority of supervising ethics committees.
“13165. Audit by Government Accountability Office.”.

(B) Persons required to file.—Section 13103(f) of title 5,

United States Code, is amended—

(i) in paragraph (9), by striking “as defined in section

13101 of this title”;

(ii) in paragraph (10), by striking “as defined in section

13101 of this title”;

(iii) in paragraph (11), by striking “as defined in

section 13101 of this title”; and

(iv) in paragraph (12), by striking “as defined in section

13101 of this title”.

the Lobbying Disclosure Act of 1995 (2 U.S.C. 1602(4)(D)) is

amended by striking “legislative branch employee serving in

a position described under section 13101(13) of title 5,

United States Code” and inserting “officer or employee of

Congress (as defined in section 13101 of title 5, United

States Code)”.

SA 5863. Mr. HAWLEY submitted an amendment intended to be proposed by him to the bill S. 4784, to authorize appropriations for fiscal year 2027 for military activities of the Department of Defense, for military construction, and for defense activities of the Department of Energy, to prescribe military personnel strengths for such fiscal year, and for other purposes; which was ordered to lie on the table; as follows:

At the end of subtitle B of title XXVIII, add the

following:

SEC. 2829. AUTHORIZATION OF AMOUNTS FOR PRIVATIZED MILITARY

HOUSING AT FORT LEONARD WOOD, MISSOURI.

There is authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary of

Defense $100,000,000 to be used for an equity investment in

military family housing under subchapter IV of chapter 169 of

title 10, United States Code, at Fort Leonard Wood, Missouri.

SA 5864. Mr. HAWLEY (for himself and Mr. Durbin) submitted an amendment intended to be proposed by him to the bill S. 4784, to authorize appropriations for fiscal year 2027 for military activities of the Department of Defense, for military construction, and for defense activities of the Department of Energy, to prescribe military personnel strengths for such fiscal year, and for other purposes; which was ordered to lie on the table; as follows:

At the end of title X, add the following:

Subtitle H—STOP CSAM Act of 2026

SEC. 1094. SHORT TITLE.

This subtitle may be cited as the “Strengthening

Transparency and Obligations to Protect Children Suffering

from Abuse and Mistreatment Act of 2026” or the “STOP CSAM

Act of 2026”.

SEC. 1095. PROTECTING CHILD VICTIMS AND WITNESSES IN FEDERAL

COURT.

(a) In General.—Section 3509 of title 18, United States

Code, is amended—

(1) in subsection (a)—

(A) in paragraph (2)(A), by striking “or exploitation”

and inserting “exploitation, or kidnapping, including

international parental kidnapping”;

(B) in paragraph (3), by striking “physical or mental

injury” and inserting “physical injury, psychological

abuse”;

the following:

“(5) the term `psychological abuse' includes—

“(A) a pattern of acts, threats of acts, or coercive

tactics intended to degrade, humiliate, intimidate, or

terrorize a child; and

“(B) the infliction of trauma on a child through—

“(i) isolation;

“(ii) the withholding of food or other necessities in

order to control behavior;

“(iii) physical restraint; or

“(iv) the confinement of the child without the child's

consent and in degrading conditions;

“(6) the term `exploitation' means—

“(A) child pornography;

“(B) child sex trafficking; or

“(C) an obscene visual depiction of a child;

“(7) the term `multidisciplinary child abuse team' means a

professional unit of individuals working together to

investigate child abuse and provide assistance and support to

a victim of child abuse, composed of representatives from—

“(A) health, social service, and legal service agencies

that represent the child;

“(B) law enforcement agencies and prosecutorial offices;

and

“(C) children's advocacy centers;”;

(D) in paragraph (9)(D)—

(i) by striking “genitals” and inserting “anus,

genitals,”; and

(ii) by striking “or animal”;

(E) in paragraph (11), by striking “and” at the end;

(F) in paragraph (12)—

(i) by striking “the term `child abuse' does not” and

inserting “the terms `physical injury' and `psychological

abuse' do not”; and

(ii) by striking the period and inserting a semicolon; and

(G) by adding at the end the following:

“(13) the term `covered person' means a person of any age

who—

“(A) is or is alleged to be—

“(i) a victim of a crime of physical abuse, sexual abuse,

exploitation, or kidnapping, including international parental

kidnapping; or

“(ii) a witness to a crime committed against another

person; and

“(B) was under the age of 18 when the crime described in

subparagraph (A) was committed;

“(14) the term `protected information', with respect to a

covered person, includes—

“(A) personally identifiable information of the covered

person, including—

“(i) the name of the covered person;

“(ii) an address;

“(iii) a phone number;

“(iv) a user name or identifying information for an

online, social media, or email account; and

“(v) any information that can be used to distinguish or

trace the identity of the covered person, either alone or

when combined with other information that is linked or

linkable to the covered person;

“(B) medical, dental, behavioral, psychiatric, or

psychological information of the covered person;

“(C) educational or juvenile justice records of the

covered person; and

“(D) any other information concerning the covered person

that is deemed `protected information' by order of the court

under subsection (d)(5);

“(15) the term `child pornography' has the meaning given

the term in section 2256(8); and

“(16) the term `obscene visual depiction of a child' means

any visual depiction prohibited by section 1466A involving an

identifiable minor, as that term is defined in section

2256(9).”;

(2) in subsection (b)—

(A) in paragraph (1)(C), by striking “minor” and

inserting “child”; and

(B) in paragraph (2)—

(i) in the heading, by striking “Videotaped” and

inserting “Recorded”;

(ii) in subparagraph (A), by striking “that the deposition

be recorded and preserved on videotape” and inserting “that

a video recording of the deposition be made and preserved”;

(iii) in subparagraph (B)—

(I) in clause (ii), by striking “that the child's

deposition be taken and preserved by videotape” and

inserting “that a video recording of the child's deposition

be made and preserved”;

(II) in clause (iii)—

(aa) in the matter preceding subclause (I), by striking

“videotape” and inserting “recorded”; and

(bb) in subclause (IV), by striking “videotape” and

inserting “recording”; and

(III) in clause (v)—

(aa) in the heading, by striking “videotape” and

inserting “video recording”;

(bb) in the first sentence, by striking “made and

preserved on video tape” and inserting “recorded and

preserved”; and

(cc) in the second sentence, by striking “videotape” and

inserting “video recording”;

(iv) in subparagraph (C), by striking “child's

videotaped” and inserting “video recording of the

child's”;

(v) in subparagraph (D)—

(I) by striking “videotaping” and inserting

“deposition”; and

(II) by striking “videotaped” and inserting “recorded”;

(vi) in subparagraph (E), by striking “videotaped” and

inserting “recorded”; and

(vii) in subparagraph (F), by striking “videotape” each

place the term appears and inserting “video recording”;

(3) in subsection (d)—

(A) in paragraph (1)(A)—

(i) in clause (i), by striking “the name or any other

information concerning a child” and inserting “a covered

person's protected information”; and

(ii) in clause (ii)—

(I) by striking “documents described in clause (i) or the

information in them that concerns a child” and inserting “a

covered person's protected information”; and

(II) by striking “, have reason to know such information”

and inserting “(including witnesses or potential witnesses),

have reason to know each item of protected information to be

disclosed”;

(B) in paragraph (2)—

(i) by striking “the name of or any other information

concerning a child” each place

the term appears and inserting “a covered person's protected

information”;

(ii) by redesignating subparagraphs (A) and (B) as clauses

(i) and (ii), respectively, and adjusting the margins

accordingly;

(iii) by striking “All papers” and inserting the

following:

“(A) In general.—All papers”; and

(iv) by adding at the end the following:

“(B) Enforcement of violations.—The court may address a

violation of subparagraph (A) in the same manner as

disobedience or resistance to a lawful court order under

section 401(3).”;

(i) in subparagraph (A)—

(I) by striking “a child from public disclosure of the

name of or any other information concerning the child” and

inserting “a covered person's protected information from

public disclosure”; and

(II) by striking “, if the court determines that there is

a significant possibility that such disclosure would be

detrimental to the child”;

(ii) in subparagraph (B)—

(I) in clause (i)—

(aa) by striking “a child witness, and the testimony of

any other witness” and inserting “any witness”; and

(bb) by striking “the name of or any other information

concerning a child” and inserting “a covered person's

protected information”; and

(II) in clause (ii), by striking “child” and inserting

“covered person”; and

(iii) by adding at the end the following:

“(C)(i) For purposes of this paragraph, there shall be a

presumption that public disclosure of a covered person's

protected information would be detrimental to the covered

person.

“(ii) The court shall deny a motion for a protective order

under subparagraph (A) only if the court finds that the party

opposing the motion has rebutted the presumption under clause

(i) of this subparagraph.”;

(D) in paragraph (4)—

(i) by striking “This subsection” and inserting the

following:

“(A) Disclosure to certain parties.—This subsection”;

(ii) in subparagraph (A), as so designated—

(I) by striking “the name of or other information

concerning a child” and inserting “a covered person's

protected information”; and

(II) by striking “or an adult attendant, or to” and

inserting “an adult attendant, a law enforcement agency for

any intelligence or investigative purpose, or”; and

(iii) by adding at the end the following:

“(B) Request for public disclosure.—If any party requests

public disclosure of a covered person's protected information

to further a public interest, the court shall deny the

request unless the court finds that—

“(i) the party seeking disclosure has established that

there is a compelling public interest in publicly disclosing

the covered person's protected information;

“(ii) there is a substantial probability that the public

interest would be harmed if the covered person's protected

information is not disclosed;

“(iii) the substantial probability of harm to the public

interest outweighs the harm to the covered person from public

disclosure of the covered person's protected information; and

“(iv) there is no alternative to public disclosure of the

covered person's protected information that would adequately

protect the public interest.”; and

(E) by adding at the end the following:

“(5) Other protected information.—The court may order

that information shall be considered to be `protected

information' for purposes of this subsection if the court

finds that the information is sufficiently personal,

sensitive, or identifying that it should be subject to the

protections and presumptions under this subsection.”;

(4) by striking subsection (f) and inserting the following:

“(f) Victim Impact Statement.—

“(1) Probation officer.—In preparing the presentence

report pursuant to rule 32(c) of the Federal Rules of

Criminal Procedure, the probation officer shall request

information from the multidisciplinary child abuse team, if

applicable, or other appropriate sources to determine the

impact of the offense on a child victim and any other

children who may have been affected by the offense.

“(2) Guardian ad litem.—A guardian ad litem appointed

under subsection (h) shall—

“(A) make every effort to obtain and report information

that accurately expresses the views of a child victim, and

the views of family members as appropriate, concerning the

impact of the offense; and

“(B) use forms that permit a child victim to express the

child's views concerning the personal consequences of the

offense, at a level and in a form of communication

commensurate with the child's age and ability.”;

(5) in subsection (h), by adding at the end the following:

“(4) Authorization of appropriations.—

“(A) In general.—There is authorized to be appropriated

to the United States courts to carry out this subsection

$25,000,000 for each fiscal year.

“(B) Supervision of payments.—Payments from

appropriations authorized under subparagraph (A) shall be

made under the supervision of the Director of the

Administrative Office of the United States Courts.”;

(6) in subsection (i)—

(A) by striking “A child testifying at or attending a

judicial proceeding” and inserting the following:

“(1) In general.—A child testifying at a judicial

proceeding, including in a manner described in subsection

(b),”;

(B) in paragraph (1), as so designated—

(i) in the third sentence, by striking “proceeding” and

inserting “testimony”; and

(ii) by striking the fifth sentence; and

“(2) Recording.—If the adult attendant is in close

physical proximity to or in contact with the child while the

child testifies—

“(A) at a judicial proceeding, a video recording of the

adult attendant shall be made and shall become part of the

court record; or

“(B) in a manner described in subsection (b), the adult

attendant shall be visible on the closed-circuit television

or in the recorded deposition.

“(3) Covered persons attending proceeding.—A covered

person shall have the right to be accompanied by an adult

attendant when attending any judicial proceeding.”;

(7) in subsection (j)—

(A) by striking “child” each place the term appears and

inserting “covered person”; and

(B) in the fourth sentence—

(i) by striking “and the potential” and inserting “, the

potential”;

(ii) by striking “child's” and inserting “covered

person's”; and

(iii) by inserting before the period at the end the

following: “, and the necessity of the continuance to

protect the defendant's rights”;

(8) in subsection (k), by striking “child” each place the

term appears and inserting “covered person”;

(9) in subsection (l), by striking “child” each place the

term appears and inserting “covered person”; and

(10) in subsection (m)—

(A) by striking “(as defined by section 2256 of this

title)” each place it appears;

(B) by inserting “or an obscene visual depiction of a

child” after “child pornography” each place it appears

except the second instance in paragraph (3);

brought under section 2255 or 2255A” after “any criminal

proceeding”;

(D) in paragraph (2), by adding at the end the following:

“(C)(i) Notwithstanding rule 26 of the Federal Rules of

Civil Procedure, a court shall deny, in any civil action

brought under section 2255 or 2255A, any request by any party

to copy, photograph, duplicate, or otherwise reproduce any

property or material that constitutes child pornography or an

obscene visual depiction of a child.

“(ii) In a civil action brought under section 2255 or

2255A, for purposes of paragraph (1), the court may—

“(I) order the plaintiff or defendant to provide to the

court or the Government, as applicable, any equipment

necessary to maintain care, custody, and control of such

property or material; and

“(II) take reasonable measures, and may order the

Government (if such property or material is in the care,

custody, and control of the Government) to take reasonable

measures, to provide each party to the action, the attorney

of each party, and any individual a party may seek to qualify

as an expert, with ample opportunity to inspect, view, and

examine such property or material at the court or a

Government facility, as applicable.”; and

(E) in paragraph (3)—

(i) by inserting “and during the 1-year period following

the date on which the criminal proceeding becomes final or is

terminated” after “any criminal proceeding”;

(ii) by striking “, as defined under section 2256(8),”;

and

(iii) by inserting “or obscene visual depiction of a

child” after “such child pornography”.

(b) Effective Date.—The amendments made by this section

shall apply to conduct that occurs before, on, or after the

date of enactment of this Act.

SEC. 1096. FACILITATING PAYMENT OF RESTITUTION; TECHNICAL

AMENDMENTS TO RESTITUTION STATUTES.

Title 18, United States Code, is amended—

(1) in section 1593(c)—

(A) by inserting “(1)” after “(c)”;

(B) by striking “chapter, including, in” and inserting

the following: “chapter.

“(2) In”; and

assume the rights of the victim under this section” after

“suitable by the court”;

(2) in section 2248(c)—

(A) by striking “For purposes” and inserting the

following:

“(1) In general.—For purposes”;

(B) by striking “chapter, including, in” and inserting

the following: “chapter.

“(2) Assumption of crime victim's rights.—In”; and

assume the rights of the victim under this section” after

“suitable by the court”;

(3) in section 2259—

(A) by striking subsection (a) and inserting the following:

“(a) In General.—Notwithstanding section 3663 or 3663A,

and in addition to any other civil or criminal penalty

authorized by law, the court shall order restitution for any

offense under—

“(1) section 1466A, to the extent the conduct involves a

visual depiction of an identifiable minor; or

“(2) this chapter.”;

(B) in subsection (b)—

(i) in paragraph (1), by striking “Directions.—Except as

provided in paragraph (2), the” and inserting “Restitution

for child pornography production.—If the defendant was

convicted of child pornography production, the”; and

(ii) in paragraph (2)(B), by striking “$3,000.” and

inserting the following: “—

“(i) $3,000; or

“(ii) 10 percent of the full amount of the victim's

losses, if the full amount of the victim's losses is less

than $3,000.”; and

(i) by striking paragraph (1) and inserting the following:

“(1) Child pornography production.—For purposes of this

section and section 2259A, the term `child pornography

production' means—

“(A) a violation of, attempted violation of, or conspiracy

to violate section 1466A(a) to the extent the conduct

involves production of a visual depiction of an identifiable

minor;

“(B) a violation of, attempted violation of, or conspiracy

to violate section 1466A(a) involving possession with intent

to distribute, or section 1466A(b), to the extent the conduct

involves a visual depiction of an identifiable minor—

“(i) produced by the defendant; or

“(ii) that the defendant attempted or conspired to

produce;

“(C) a violation of subsection (a), (b), or (c) of section

2251, or an attempt or conspiracy to violate any of those

subsections under subsection (e) of that section;

“(D) a violation of section 2251A;

“(E) a violation of section 2252(a)(4) or 2252A(a)(5), or

an attempt or conspiracy to violate either of those sections

under section 2252(b)(2) or 2252A(b)(2), to the extent such

conduct involves child pornography—

“(i) produced by the defendant; or

“(ii) that the defendant attempted or conspired to

produce;

“(F) a violation of subsection (a)(7) of section 2252A, or

an attempt or conspiracy to violate that subsection under

subsection (b)(3) of that section, to the extent the conduct

involves production with intent to distribute;

“(G) a violation of section 2252A(g) if the series of

felony violations involves not fewer than 1 violation—

“(i) described in subparagraph (A), (B), (E), or (F) of

this paragraph;

“(ii) of section 1591; or

“(iii) of section 1201, chapter 109A, or chapter 117, if

the victim is a minor;

“(H) a violation of subsection (a) of section 2260, or an

attempt or conspiracy to violate that subsection under

subsection (c)(1) of that section;

“(I) a violation of section 2260B(a)(2) for promoting or

facilitating an offense—

“(i) described in subparagraph (A), (B), (D), or (E) of

this paragraph; or

“(ii) under section 2422(b); and

“(J) a violation of chapter 109A or chapter 117, if the

offense involves the production or attempted production of,

or conspiracy to produce, child pornography.”;

(ii) by striking paragraph (3) and inserting the following:

“(3) Trafficking in child pornography.—For purposes of

this section and section 2259A, the term `trafficking in

child pornography' means—

“(A) a violation of, attempted violation of, or conspiracy

to violate section 1466A(a) to the extent the conduct

involves distribution or receipt of a visual depiction of an

identifiable minor;

“(B) a violation of, attempted violation of, or conspiracy

to violate section 1466A(a) involving possession with intent

to distribute, or section 1466A(b), to the extent the conduct

involves a visual depiction of an identifiable minor—

“(i) not produced by the defendant; or

“(ii) that the defendant did not attempt or conspire to

produce;

“(C) a violation of subsection (d) of section 2251 or an

attempt or conspiracy to violate that subsection under

subsection (e) of that section;

“(D) a violation of paragraph (1), (2), or (3) of

subsection (a) of section 2252, or an attempt or conspiracy

to violate any of those paragraphs under subsection (b)(1) of

that section;

“(E) a violation of section 2252(a)(4) or 2252A(a)(5), or

an attempt or conspiracy to violate either of those sections

under section 2252(b)(2) or 2252A(b)(2), to the extent such

conduct involves child pornography—

“(i) not produced by the defendant; or

“(ii) that the defendant did not attempt or conspire to

produce;

“(F) a violation of paragraph (1), (2), (3), (4), or (6)

of subsection (a) of section 2252A, or an attempt or

conspiracy to violate any of those paragraphs under

subsection (b)(1) of that section;

“(G) a violation of subsection (a)(7) of section 2252A, or

an attempt or conspiracy to violate that subsection under

subsection (b)(3) of that section, to the extent the conduct

involves distribution;

“(H) a violation of section 2252A(g) if the series of

felony violations exclusively involves violations described

in this paragraph (except subparagraphs (A) and (B));

“(I) a violation of subsection (b) of section 2260, or an

attempt or conspiracy to violate that subsection under

subsection (c)(2) of that section; and

“(J) a violation of subsection (a)(1) of section 2260B, or

a violation of subsection (a)(2) of that section for

promoting or facilitating an offense described in this

paragraph (except subparagraphs (A) and (B)).”; and

(iii) in paragraph (4), in the first sentence, by inserting

“or an identifiable minor harmed as a result of the

commission of a crime under section 1466A” after “under

this chapter”;

(4) in section 2259A(a)—

(A) in paragraph (1), by striking “under section

2252(a)(4) or 2252A(a)(5)” and inserting “described in

subparagraph (B) or (E) of section 2259(c)(3)”; and

(B) in paragraph (2), by striking “any other offense for

trafficking in child pornography” and inserting “any

offense for trafficking in child pornography other than an

offense described in subparagraph (B) or (E) of section

2259(c)(3)”;

(5) in section 2429—

(A) in subsection (b)(3), by striking “2259(b)(3)” and

inserting “2259(c)(2)”; and

(B) in subsection (d)—

(i) by inserting “(1)” after “(d)”;

(ii) by striking “chapter, including, in” and inserting

the following: “chapter.

“(2) In”; and

(iii) in paragraph (2), as so designated, by inserting

“may assume the rights of the victim under this section”

after “suitable by the court”; and

(6) in section 3664, by adding at the end the following:

“(q) Trustee or Other Fiduciary.—

“(1) In general.—

“(A) Appointment of trustee or other fiduciary.—When the

court issues an order of restitution under section 1593,

2248, 2259, 2429, or 3663, or subparagraphs (A)(i) and (B) of

section 3663A(c)(1), for a victim described in subparagraph

(B) of this paragraph, the court, at its own discretion or

upon motion by the Government, may appoint a trustee or other

fiduciary to hold any amount paid for restitution in a trust

or other official account for the benefit of the victim.

“(B) Covered victims.—A victim referred to in

subparagraph (A) is a victim who is—

“(i) under the age of 18 at the time of the proceeding;

“(ii) incompetent or incapacitated; or

“(iii) subject to paragraph (3), a foreign citizen or

stateless person residing outside the United States.

“(2) Order.—When the court appoints a trustee or other

fiduciary under paragraph (1), the court shall issue an order

specifying—

“(A) the duties of the trustee or other fiduciary, which

shall require—

“(i) the administration of the trust or maintaining an

official account in the best interests of the victim; and

“(ii) disbursing payments from the trust or account—

“(I) to the victim; or

“(II) to any individual or entity on behalf of the victim;

“(B) that the trustee or other fiduciary—

“(i) shall avoid any conflict of interest;

“(ii) may not profit from the administration of the trust

or maintaining an official account for the benefit of the

victim other than as specified in the order; and

“(iii) may not delegate administration of the trust or

maintaining the official account to any other person;

“(C) if and when the trust or the duties of the other

fiduciary will expire; and

“(D) the fees payable to the trustee or other fiduciary to

cover expenses of administering the trust or maintaining the

official account for the benefit of the victim, and the

schedule for payment of those fees.

“(3) Fact-finding regarding foreign citizens and stateless

person.—In the case of a victim who is a foreign citizen or

stateless person residing outside the United States and is

not under the age of 18 at the time of the proceeding or

incompetent or incapacitated, the court may appoint a trustee

or other fiduciary under paragraph (1) only if the court

finds it necessary to—

“(A) protect the safety or security of the victim; or

“(B) provide a reliable means for the victim to access or

benefit from the restitution payments.

“(4) Payment of fees.—

“(A) In general.—The court may, with respect to the fees

of the trustee or other fiduciary—

“(i) pay the fees in whole or in part; or

“(ii) order the defendant to pay the fees in whole or in

part.

“(B) Applicability of other provisions.—With respect to a

court order under subparagraph (A)(ii) requiring a defendant

to pay fees—

“(i) subsection (f)(3) shall apply to the court order in

the same manner as that subsection applies to a restitution

order;

“(ii) subchapter C of chapter 227 (other than section

3571) shall apply to the court order in the same manner as

that subchapter applies to a sentence of a fine; and

“(iii) subchapter B of chapter 229 shall apply to the

court order in the same manner as that subchapter applies to

the implementation of a sentence of a fine.

“(C) Effect on other penalties.—Imposition of payment

under subparagraph (A)(ii) shall not relieve a defendant of,

or entitle a defendant to a reduction in the amount of, any

special assessment, restitution, other fines, penalties, or

costs, or other payments required under the defendant's

sentence.

“(D) Schedule.—Notwithstanding any other provision of

law, if the court orders the defendant to make any payment

under subparagraph (A)(ii), the court may provide a payment

schedule that is concurrent with the payment of any other

financial obligation described in subparagraph (C).

“(5) Authorization of appropriations.—

“(A) In general.—There is authorized to be appropriated

to the United States courts to carry out this subsection

$15,000,000 for each fiscal year.

“(B) Supervision of payments.—Payments from

appropriations authorized under subparagraph (A) shall be

made under the supervision of the Director of the

Administrative Office of the United States Courts.”.

SEC. 1097. CYBERTIPLINE IMPROVEMENTS, AND ACCOUNTABILITY AND

TRANSPARENCY BY THE TECH INDUSTRY.

(a) In General.—Chapter 110 of title 18, United States

Code, is amended—

(1) in section 2258A—

(A) by striking subsections (a), (b), and (c) and inserting

the following:

“(a) Duty to Report.—

“(1) Duty.—In order to reduce the proliferation of online

child sexual exploitation and to prevent the online sexual

exploitation of children, as soon as reasonably possible

after obtaining actual knowledge of any facts or

circumstances described in paragraph (2) or any apparent

child pornography on the provider's service, and in any event

not later than 60 days after obtaining such knowledge, a

provider shall submit to the CyberTipline of NCMEC, or any

successor to the CyberTipline operated by NCMEC, a report

that—

“(A) shall contain—

“(i) the mailing address, telephone number, facsimile

number, electronic mailing address of, and individual point

of contact for, such provider; and

“(ii) information or material described in subsection

(b)(1)(A) concerning such facts or circumstances or apparent

child pornography; and

“(B) may contain information described in subsection

(b)(2), including any available information to identify or

locate any involved minor.

“(2) Facts or circumstances.—The facts or circumstances

described in this paragraph are any facts or circumstances

indicating an apparent, planned, or imminent violation of

section 1591 (if the violation involves a minor), 2251,

2251A, 2252, 2252A, 2252B, 2260, or 2422(b).

“(3) Complainant information.—For a report premised on a

complaint or notification submitted to a provider by a user

of the provider's product or service, or a parent, guardian,

or representative of such user, the provider shall take

reasonable measures to determine what information or material

in the user's account shall be included in the report as

provided in subsection (b)(1)(A)(vi).

“(b) Contents of Report.—

“(1) In general.—In an effort to prevent the future

sexual victimization of children, and to the extent the

information is within the custody or control of a provider,

each report provided under subsection (a)(1)—

“(A) shall include, to the extent that it is applicable

and reasonably available—

“(i) the name, address, electronic mail address, user or

account identification, Internet Protocol address, port

number, and uniform resource locator of any individual who is

a subject of the report;

“(ii) the terms of service in effect at the time of—

“(I) the apparent violation; or

“(II) the detection of apparent child pornography or a

planned or imminent violation;

“(iii) a copy of any apparent child pornography that is

the subject of the report, or all accessible chats, messages,

or text exchanges that are related to the report, that were

identified in a publicly available location;

“(iv) for each item of apparent child pornography included

in the report under clause (iii) or paragraph (2)(E),

information indicating whether—

“(I) the apparent child pornography was publicly

available; or

“(II) the provider, in its sole discretion, viewed the

apparent child pornography, or any copy thereof, at any point

concurrent with or prior to the submission of the report;

“(v) for each item of apparent child pornography that is

the subject of the report, an indication as to whether the

apparent child pornography—

“(I) is created in whole or in part through the use of

software, machine learning, artificial intelligence, or any

other computer-generated or technological means, including by

adapting, modifying, manipulating, or altering an authentic

visual depiction;

“(II) has previously been the subject of a report under

subsection (a)(1); or

“(III) is the subject of multiple contemporaneous reports

due to rapid and widespread distribution; and

“(vi) any and all information or material (including

apparent child pornography, chats, messages, or text

exchanges) relating to the subject of the report in the

account of a user of the provider's product or service, if

the user, or the parent, guardian, or representative of such

user—

“(I) provided the information or material in a

notification or complaint to the provider;

“(II) indicates that such information or material should

be included in the report; or

“(III) consents to the inclusion of such information or

material in the report; and

“(B) may, at the sole discretion of the provider, include

the information described in paragraph (2) of this

subsection.

“(2) Other information.—The information referred to in

paragraph (1)(B) is the following:

“(A) Information about any involved individual.—Any

information relating to the identity or location of any

individual who is a subject of the report, including payment

or financial information (excluding personally identifiable

information) and self-reported identifying or locating

information.

“(B) Information about any involved minor.—Information

relating to the identity or location of any involved minor,

which may include an address, electronic mail address,

Internet Protocol address, port number, uniform resource

locator, payment or financial information (excluding

personally identifiable information), or any other

information that may identify or locate any involved minor,

including self-reported identifying or locating information.

“(C) Historical reference.—Information relating to when

and how a customer or subscriber of a provider uploaded,

transmitted, or received content relating to the report or

when and how content relating to the report was reported to,

or discovered by the provider, including a date and time

stamp and time zone.

“(D) Geographic location information.—Information

relating to the geographic location of the involved

individual or website, which may include the Internet

Protocol address, port number, or verified address, or, if

not reasonably available, at least one form of geographic

identifying information, including area code or ZIP Code,

provided by the customer or subscriber, or stored or obtained

by the provider.

“(E) Apparent child pornography.—Any apparent child

pornography not described in paragraph (1)(A)(iii), or other

content related to the subject of the report.

“(F) Complete communication.—The complete communication

containing any apparent child pornography or other content,

including—

“(i) any data or information regarding the transmission of

the communication; and

“(ii) any visual depictions, data, or other digital files

contained in, or attached to, the communication.

“(G) Technical identifier.—An industry-standard hash

value or other similar industry-standard technical identifier

for any reported visual depiction as it existed on the

provider's service.

“(H) Description.—For any item of apparent child

pornography that is the subject of the report, an indication

of whether—

“(i) the depicted sexually explicit conduct involves—

“(I) genital, oral, or anal sexual intercourse;

“(II) bestiality;

“(III) masturbation;

“(IV) sadistic or masochistic abuse; or

“(V) lascivious exhibition of the anus, genitals, or pubic

area of any person; and

“(ii) the depicted minor is—

“(I) an infant or toddler;

“(II) prepubescent;

“(III) pubescent;

“(IV) post-pubescent; or

“(V) of an indeterminate age or developmental stage.

“(I) Chats, messages, or text exchanges.—Chats, messages,

or text exchanges that fully provide the context for the

report.

“(3) Formatting of reports.—When a provider includes any

information described in paragraph (1) or, at its sole

discretion, any information described in paragraph (2) in a

report to the CyberTipline of NCMEC, or any successor to the

CyberTipline operated by NCMEC, the provider shall use best

efforts to ensure that the report conforms with the structure

of the CyberTipline or the successor, as applicable.

“(c) Forwarding of Report and Other Information to Law

Enforcement.—

“(1) In general.—Pursuant to its clearinghouse role as a

private, nonprofit organization, and at the conclusion of its

review in furtherance of its nonprofit mission, NCMEC shall

make available each report submitted under subsection (a)(1)

to one or more of the following law enforcement agencies:

“(A) Any Federal law enforcement agency that is involved

in the investigation of child sexual exploitation,

kidnapping, or enticement crimes.

“(B) Any State or local law enforcement agency that is

involved in the investigation of child sexual exploitation.

“(C) A foreign law enforcement agency designated by the

Attorney General under subsection (d)(3) or a foreign law

enforcement agency that has an established relationship with

the Federal Bureau of Investigation, Immigration and Customs

Enforcement, or INTERPOL, and is involved in the

investigation of child sexual exploitation, kidnapping, or

enticement crimes.

“(2) Technical identifiers.—If a report submitted under

subsection (a)(1) contains an industry-standard hash value or

other similar industry-standard technical identifier—

“(A) NCMEC may compare that hash value or identifier with

any database or repository of visual depictions owned or

operated by NCMEC; and

“(B) if the comparison under subparagraph (A) results in a

match, NCMEC may include the matching visual depiction from

its database or repository when forwarding the report to an

agency described in subparagraph (A) or (B) of paragraph

(1).”;

(B) in subsection (d)—

(i) in paragraph (2), by striking “subsection (c)(1)” and

inserting “subsection (c)(1)(A)”;

(ii) in paragraph (3)—

(I) in subparagraph (A), by striking “subsection (c)(3)”

and inserting “subsection (c)(1)(C)”; and

(II) in subparagraph (C), by striking “subsection (c)(3)”

and inserting “subsection (c)(1)(C)”; and

(iii) in paragraph (5)(B)—

(I) in clause (i), by striking “forwarded” and inserting

“made available”; and

(II) in clause (ii), by striking “forwarded” and

inserting “made available”;

“(e) Failure to Comply With Requirements.—

“(1) Criminal penalty.—

“(A) Offense.—It shall be unlawful for a provider to

knowingly—

“(i) fail to submit a report under subsection (a)(1)

within the time period required by that subsection; or

“(ii) fail to preserve material as required under

subsection (h).

“(B) Penalty.—

“(i) In general.—A provider that violates subparagraph

(A) shall be fined—

“(I) in the case of an initial violation, not more than—

“(aa) $850,000 if the provider has not fewer than

100,000,000 monthly active users; or

“(bb) $600,000 if the provider has fewer than 100,000,000

monthly active users; and

“(II) in the case of any second or subsequent violation,

not more than—

“(aa) $1,000,000 if the provider has not fewer than

100,000,000 monthly active users; or

“(bb) $850,000 if the provider has fewer than 100,000,000

monthly active users.

“(ii) Harm to individuals.—The maximum fine under clause

(i) shall be doubled if an individual is harmed as a direct

and proximate result of the applicable violation.

“(2) Civil penalty.—

“(A) Violations relating to cybertipline reports and

material preservation.—A provider shall be liable to the

United States Government for a civil penalty in an amount of

not less than $50,000 and not more than $250,000 if the

provider knowingly—

“(i) fails to submit a report under subsection (a)(1)

within the time period required by that subsection;

“(ii) fails to preserve material as required under

subsection (h); or

“(iii) submits a report under subsection (a)(1) that—

“(I) contains materially false or fraudulent information;

“(II) omits information described in subsection (b)(1)(A)

that is reasonably available.

“(B) Annual report violations.—A provider shall be liable

to the United States Government for a civil penalty in an

amount of not less than $100,000 and not more than $1,000,000

if the provider knowingly—

“(i) fails to submit an annual report as required under

subsection (i); or

“(ii) submits an annual report under subsection (i) that—

“(I) contains a materially false, fraudulent, or

misleading statement; or

“(II) omits information described in subsection (i)(1)

that is reasonably available.

“(C) Harm to individuals.—The amount of a civil penalty

under subparagraph (A) or (B) shall be tripled if an

individual is harmed as a direct and proximate result of the

applicable violation.

“(D) Costs of civil actions.—A provider that commits a

violation described in subparagraph (A) or (B) shall be

liable to the United States Government for the costs of a

civil action brought to recover a civil penalty under that

subparagraph.

“(E) Enforcement.—This paragraph shall be enforced in

accordance with sections 3731, 3732, and 3733 of title 31,

except that a civil action to recover a civil penalty under

subparagraph (A) or (B) of this paragraph may only be brought

by the United States Government.

“(3) Deposit of fines and penalties.—Notwithstanding any

other provision of law, any criminal fine or civil penalty

collected under this subsection shall be deposited into the

Child Pornography Victims Reserve as provided in section

2259B.”;

(D) in subsection (f), by striking paragraph (3) and

inserting the following:

“(3) affirmatively search, screen, or scan for—

“(A) facts or circumstances described in subsection

(a)(2);

“(B) information described in subsection (b)(2); or

“(C) any apparent child pornography.”;

(E) in subsection (g)—

(i) in paragraph (2)(A)—

(I) in clause (iii), by inserting “or personnel at a

children's advocacy center” after “State)”; and

(II) in clause (iv), by striking “State or subdivision of

a State” and inserting “State, subdivision of a State, or

children's advocacy center”; and

(ii) in paragraph (3), in the matter preceding subparagraph

(A), by striking “subsection (a)” and inserting

“subsection (a)(1)”;

(F) in subsection (h), by striking paragraph (5) and

inserting the following:

“(5) Relation to reporting requirement.—Submission of a

report as described in subsection (a)(1) does not satisfy the

obligations under this subsection.”; and

(G) by adding at the end the following:

“(i) Annual Report.—

“(1) In general.—Not later than March 31 of the second

year beginning after the date of enactment of the STOP CSAM

Act of 2026, and of each year thereafter, a provider that had

more than 1,000,000 unique monthly visitors or users during

each month of the preceding year and accrued revenue of more

than $50,000,000 during the preceding year shall submit to

the Attorney General and the Chair of the Federal Trade

Commission a report, disaggregated by subsidiary, that

provides the following information for the preceding year to

the extent such information is applicable and reasonably

available:

“(A) Cybertipline data.—

“(i) The total number of reports that the provider

submitted under subsection (a)(1).

“(ii) Which items of information described in subsection

(b)(2) are routinely included in the reports submitted by the

provider under subsection (a)(1).

“(B) Other reporting to the provider.—

“(i) The measures the provider has in place to receive

other reports concerning child sexual exploitation and abuse

using the provider's product or on the provider's service.

“(ii) The average time for responding to reports described

in clause (i).

“(iii) The number of reports described in clause (i) that

the provider received.

“(iv) A summary description of the actions taken upon

receipt of the reports described in clause (i).

“(C) Policies.—

“(i) A description of the policies of the provider with

respect to the commission of child sexual exploitation and

abuse using the provider's product or on the provider's

service, including how child sexual exploitation and abuse is

defined.

“(ii) A description of possible user consequences for

violations of the policies described in clause (i).

“(iii) The methods of informing users of the policies

described in clause (i).

“(iv) The process for adjudicating potential violations of

the policies described in clause (i).

“(D) Culture of safety.—

“(i) The measures, tools, and technologies that the

provider deploys to—

“(I) protect children from sexual exploitation and abuse

using the provider's product or service;

“(II) prevent or interdict activity by children related to

sexual exploitation and abuse, including the posting or

sharing of intimate visual depictions; and

“(III) accurately identify adult and minor users.

“(ii) The measures, tools, and technologies that the

provider deploys to empower parents and guardians to protect

their children from sexual exploitation and abuse using the

provider's product or service.

“(iii) The measures, tools, and technologies that the

provider deploys to prevent the use of the provider's product

or service by individuals seeking to commit child sexual

exploitation and abuse.

“(iv) With respect to the measures, tools, and

technologies described in clauses (i), (ii), and (iii)—

“(I) an assessment of their efficacy, including any

relevant quantitative information indicating when and how

often they are used; and

“(II) information on any factors that limit their efficacy

or create gaps in their protection and efforts by the

provider to address those loopholes or gaps.

“(v) A description of factors that interfere with the

provider's ability to detect or evaluate instances of child

sexual exploitation and abuse and an analysis of the impact

of those factors.

“(vi) Information shared by the provider with users about

the risks to children on the provider's product or service

concerning sexual exploitation and abuse and an assessment of

the impact of the information on users, including any

relevant quantitative information indicating how often the

information is reviewed.

“(vii) A description of efforts undertaken by the

provider, to the extent appropriate, to allow for independent

verification of the information provided pursuant to this

subparagraph and of the efficacy of the measures, tools, and

technologies described in clauses (i), (ii), and (iii),

including through the facilitation of independent research.

“(E) Safety by design.—The measures that the provider

takes before launching a new product or service—

“(i) to assess—

“(I) the safety risks for children with respect to sexual

exploitation and abuse; and

“(II) whether and how individuals could use the new

product or service to commit child sexual exploitation and

abuse; and

“(ii) to determine—

“(I) the appropriate age for users of the new product or

service; and

“(II) whether the new product or service will be adopted

to commit child sexual exploitation and abuse.

“(F) Prevalence, trends, and patterns.—Any information

concerning—

“(i) the prevalence of child sexual exploitation and abuse

on the provider's product or service, including the volume of

child pornography that is available and that is being

accessed, distributed, or received; and

“(ii) emerging trends, risks, and changing patterns with

respect to the commission of online child sexual exploitation

and abuse.

“(G) Other information.—Any other information relevant to

child sexual exploitation and abuse on the provider's product

or service.

“(2) Avoiding duplication.—Notwithstanding the

requirement under the matter preceding paragraph (1) that

information be submitted annually, in the case of any report

submitted under that paragraph after the

initial report, a provider shall submit information described

in subparagraphs (C) through (F) of that paragraph not less

frequently than once every 3 years or when new information is

available, whichever is more frequent.

“(3) Limitation.—Nothing in paragraph (1) shall require

the disclosure of trade secrets or other proprietary

information.

“(4) Publication.—

“(A) In general.—Subject to subparagraph (B), the

Attorney General and the Chair of the Federal Trade

Commission shall publish the reports received under this

subsection.

“(B) Redaction.—

“(i) In general.—Whether or not such redaction is

requested by the provider, the Attorney General and Chair of

the Federal Trade Commission shall redact from a report

published under subparagraph (A) any information as necessary

to avoid—

“(I) undermining the efficacy of a safety measure

described in the report; or

“(II) revealing how a product or service of a provider may

be used to commit online child sexual exploitation and abuse.

“(ii) Additional redaction.—

“(I) Request.—In addition to information redacted under

clause (i), a provider may request the redaction, from a

report published under subparagraph (A), of any information

that is law enforcement sensitive or otherwise not suitable

for public distribution.

“(II) Agency discretion.—The Attorney General and Chair

of the Federal Trade Commission—

“(aa) shall consider a request made under subclause (I);

and

“(bb) may, in their discretion, redact from a report

published under subparagraph (A) any information pursuant to

the request.”;

(2) in section 2258B—

(A) by striking subsection (a) and inserting the following:

“(a) In General.—

“(1) Limited liability.—Except as provided in subsection

(b), a civil claim or criminal charge described in paragraph

(2) may not be brought in any Federal or State court.

“(2) Covered claims and charges.—A civil claim or

criminal charge referred to in paragraph (1) is a civil claim

or criminal charge against a provider or domain name

registrar, including any director, officer, employee, or

agent of such provider or domain name registrar, that is

directly attributable to—

“(A) the performance of the reporting or preservation

responsibilities of such provider or domain name registrar

under this section, section 2258A, or section 2258C;

“(B) transmitting, distributing, or mailing child

pornography to any Federal, State, or local law enforcement

agency, or giving such agency access to child pornography, in

response to a search warrant, court order, or other legal

process issued or obtained by such agency; or

“(C) the use by the provider or domain name registrar of

any material being preserved under section 2258A(h) by such

provider or registrar for research and the development and

training of tools, undertaken voluntarily and in good faith

for the sole and exclusive purpose of—

“(i) improving or facilitating reporting under this

section, section 2258A, or section 2258C; or

“(ii) stopping the online sexual exploitation of

children.”; and

(B) in subsection (b)—

(i) in paragraph (1), by striking “; or” and inserting

“or knowingly failed to comply with a requirement under

section 2258A;”;

(ii) in paragraph (2)(C)—

(I) by striking “sections” and inserting “this section

or section”; and

(II) by striking the period and inserting “; or”; and

(iii) by adding at the end the following:

“(3) for purposes of subsection (a)(2)(C), knowingly

distributed or transmitted the material, or made the material

available, except as required by law, to—

“(A) any other entity;

“(B) any person not employed by the provider or domain

name registrar; or

“(C) any person employed by the provider or domain name

registrar who is not conducting any research described in

that subsection.”;

(3) in section 2258C—

(A) in the section heading, by striking “the

CyberTipline” and inserting “NCMEC”;

(B) in subsection (a)—

(i) in the subsection heading, by striking “Elements” and

inserting “Information Sharing With Providers and Entities

for the Purposes of Preventing and Curtailing the Online

Sexual Exploitation of Children”;

(ii) in paragraph (1)—

(I) by striking “to a provider” and inserting the

following: “or submission to the Child Victim Identification

Program to—

“(A) a provider”;

(II) in subparagraph (A), as so designated—

(aa) by inserting “use of the provider's products or

services to commit” after “stop the”; and

(bb) by striking the period at the end and inserting “;

or”; and

(III) by adding at the end the following:

“(B) an entity for the sole and exclusive purpose of

preventing and curtailing the online sexual exploitation of

children.”; and

(iii) in paragraph (2)—

(I) in the heading, by striking “Inclusions” and

inserting “Elements”;

(II) by striking “unique identifiers” and inserting

“similar technical identifiers”;

(III) by inserting “or content, elements, or reported

materials,” after “visual depiction,”;

(IV) by inserting a comma after “location”;

(V) by striking “and any other elements”; and

(VI) by inserting “or submission to the Child Victim

Identification Program” after “CyberTipline report”;

(i) in the heading, by inserting “or Entities” after

“Providers”;

(ii) by striking “Any provider” and inserting the

following:

“(1) In general.—Any provider or entity”;

(iii) in paragraph (1), as so designated—

(I) by striking “receives” and inserting “obtains”; and

(II) by inserting “or submission to the Child Victim

Identification Program” after “CyberTipline report”; and

(iv) by adding at the end the following:

“(2) Limitation on sharing with other entities.—A

provider or entity that obtains elements under subsection

(a)(1) may not distribute those elements, or make those

elements available, to any other entity, except for the sole

and exclusive purpose of curtailing, preventing, or stopping

the online sexual exploitation of children.”;

(D) in subsection (c)—

(i) by striking “subsections” and inserting

“subsection”;

(ii) by striking “providers receiving” and inserting “a

provider or entity to obtain”;

(iii) by inserting “or submission to the Child Victim

Identification Program” after “CyberTipline report”; and

(iv) by striking “to use the elements to stop the online

sexual exploitation of children”; and

(E) in subsection (d), by inserting “or to the Child

Victim Identification Program” after “CyberTipline”;

(4) in section 2258E—

(A) in paragraph (6), by striking “electronic

communication service provider” and inserting “electronic

communication service”;

(B) in paragraph (7), by striking “and” at the end;

inserting a semicolon; and

(D) by adding at the end the following:

“(9) the term `publicly available', with respect to a

visual depiction on a provider's service, means the visual

depiction can be viewed by or is accessible to all users of

the service, regardless of the steps, if any, a user must

take to create an account or to gain access to the service in

order to access or view the visual depiction; and

“(10) the term `Child Victim Identification Program' means

the program described in section 404(b)(1)(K)(ii) of the

Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act of 1974 (34

U.S.C. 11293(b)(1)(K)(ii)).”;

(5) in section 2259B(a), by inserting “, any fine or

penalty collected under section 2258A(e),” after “2259A”;

and

(6) by adding at the end the following:

“Sec. 2260B. Liability for certain child sexual exploitation

offenses

“(a) Offense.—It shall be unlawful for a provider of an

interactive computer service, as that term is defined in

section 230 of the Communications Act of 1934 (47 U.S.C.

230), that operates through the use of any facility or means

of interstate or foreign commerce or in or affecting

interstate or foreign commerce, through such service to—

“(1) intentionally host or store child pornography or make

child pornography available to any person; or

“(2) knowingly promote or facilitate a violation of

section 2251, 2251A, 2252, 2252A, or 2422(b).

“(b) Penalty.—A provider of an interactive computer

service that violates subsection (a)—

“(1) subject to paragraph (2), shall be fined not more

than $1,000,000; and

“(2) if the offense involves a conscious or reckless risk

of serious personal injury or an individual is harmed as a

direct and proximate result of the violation, shall be fined

not more than $5,000,000.

“(c) Rule of Construction.—Nothing in this section shall

be construed to apply to any good faith action by a provider

of an interactive computer service that is necessary to

comply with a valid court order, subpoena, search warrant,

statutory obligation, or preservation request from law

enforcement.”.

(b) Clerical Amendment.—The table of sections for chapter

110 of title 18, United States Code, is amended by adding at

the end the following:

“2260B. Liability for certain child sexual exploitation offenses.”.

of Providers.—The amendments made by subsection (a)(1) of

this section shall take effect on the date that is 120 days

after the date of enactment of this Act.

SEC. 1098. EXPANDING CIVIL REMEDIES FOR VICTIMS OF ONLINE

CHILD SEXUAL EXPLOITATION.

(a) Statement of Intent.—Nothing in this section shall be

construed to abrogate or narrow any case law concerning

section 2255 of title 18, United States Code.

(b) Civil Remedy for Personal Injuries.—Section 2255(a) of

title 18, United States Code, is amended—

(1) by striking “In General.—Any person who, while a

minor, was a victim of a violation of section 1589, 1590,

1591, 2241(c), 2242, 2243, 2251, 2251A, 2252, 2252A, 2260,

2421, 2422, or 2423 of this title and who suffers personal

injury as a result of such violation, regardless of whether

the injury occurred while such person was a minor, may sue”

and inserting the following: “Private Right of Action.—

“(1) In general.—Any person described in subparagraph

(A), (B), or (C) of paragraph (2) who suffers personal injury

as a result of a violation described in that subparagraph,

regardless of whether the injury occurred while such person

was a minor, may bring a civil action”; and

(2) by adding at the end the following:

“(2) Eligible persons.—Paragraph (1) shall apply to any

person—

“(A) who, while a minor, was a victim of—

“(i) a violation of section 1589, 1590, 1591, 2241, 2242,

2243, 2251, 2251A, 2260(a), 2421, 2422, or 2423;

“(ii) an attempt to violate section 1589, 1590, or 1591

under section 1594(a);

“(iii) a conspiracy to violate section 1589 or 1590 under

section 1594(b); or

“(iv) a conspiracy to violate section 1591 under section

1594(c);

“(B) who—

“(i) is depicted as a minor in child pornography; and

“(ii) is a victim of a violation of 2252, 2252A, or

2260(b) (regardless of when the violation occurs); or

“(C) who—

“(i) is depicted as an identifiable minor in a visual

depiction described in section 1466A; and

“(ii) is a victim of a violation of that section

(regardless of when the violation occurs).”.

(1) In general.—Chapter 110 of title 18, United States

Code, is amended by inserting after section 2255 the

following:

“Sec. 2255A. Additional remedy for certain victims of child

pornography or child sexual exploitation

“(a) In General.—

“(1) Promotion or aiding and abetting of certain

violations.—Any person who is a victim of the intentional,

knowing, or reckless promotion, or aiding and abetting, of a

violation of section 1591 or 1594(c) (involving a minor), or

section 2251, 2251A, 2252, 2252A, or 2422(b), where such

promotion, or aiding and abetting, is by a provider of an

interactive computer service or an app store, and who suffers

personal injury as a result of such promotion or aiding and

abetting, regardless of when the injury occurred, may bring a

civil action in any appropriate United States District Court

for relief set forth in subsection (b).

“(2) Activities involving child pornography.—Any person

who is a victim of the intentional, knowing, or reckless

hosting or storing of child pornography or making child

pornography available to any person by a provider of an

interactive computer service, and who suffers personal injury

as a result of such hosting, storing, or making available,

regardless of when the injury occurred, may bring a civil

action in any appropriate United States District Court for

relief set forth in subsection (b).

“(b) Relief.—In a civil action brought by a person under

subsection (a)—

“(1) the person shall recover the actual damages the

person sustains or liquidated damages in the amount of

$300,000, and the cost of the action, including reasonable

attorney fees and other litigation costs reasonably incurred;

and

“(2) the court may, in addition to any other relief

available at law, award punitive damages and such other

preliminary and equitable relief as the court determines to

be appropriate, including a temporary restraining order, a

preliminary injunction, or a permanent injunction ordering

the defendant to cease the offending conduct.

“(c) Statute of Limitations.—There shall be no time limit

for the filing of a complaint commencing an action under

subsection (a).

“(d) Venue; Service of Process.—

“(1) Venue.—Any action brought under subsection (a) may

be brought in the district court of the United States that

meets applicable requirements relating to venue under section

1391 of title 28.

“(2) Service of process.—In an action brought under

subsection (a), process may be served in any district in

which the defendant—

“(A) is an inhabitant; or

“(B) may be found.

“(e) Relation to Section 230 of the Communications Act of

1934.—Nothing in section 230 of the Communications Act of

1934 (47 U.S.C. 230) shall be construed to impair or limit

any claim brought under subsection (a).

“(f) Rules of Construction.—

“(1) Applicability to legal process or obligation.—

Nothing in this section shall be construed to apply to any

good faith action that is necessary to comply with a valid

court order, subpoena, search warrant, statutory obligation,

or preservation request from law enforcement.

“(2) Application of section 2258b.—A civil action brought

under subsection (a) shall be subject to section 2258B.

“(g) Encryption Technologies.—

“(1) In general.—None of the following actions or

circumstances shall serve as an independent basis for

liability under subsection (a):

“(A) Utilizing full end-to-end encrypted messaging

services, device encryption, or other encryption services.

“(B) Not possessing the information necessary to decrypt a

communication.

“(C) Failing to take an action that would otherwise

undermine the ability to offer full end-to-end encrypted

messaging services, device encryption, or other encryption

services.

“(2) Consideration of evidence.—Evidence of actions or

circumstances described in paragraph (1) shall be admissible

in a civil action brought under subsection (a) if—

“(A) the actions or circumstances are relevant under rules

401 and 402 of the Federal Rules of Evidence to—

“(i) prove motive, intent, preparation, plan, absence of

mistake, or lack of accident; or

“(ii) rebut any evidence or factual or legal claim; and

“(B) the actions or circumstances—

“(i) are otherwise admissible under the Federal Rules of

Evidence; and

“(ii) are not subject to exclusion under rule 403 or any

other rule of the Federal Rules of Evidence.

“(3) No effect on discovery.—Nothing in paragraph (1) or

(2) shall be construed to create a defense to a discovery

request or otherwise limit or affect discovery in any civil

action brought under subsection (a).

“(h) Defense.—In a civil action under subsection (a)(2)

involving knowing or reckless conduct, it shall be a defense

at trial, which the provider of an interactive computer

service must establish by a preponderance of the evidence as

determined by the finder of fact, that—

“(1) the provider disabled access to or removed the child

pornography within a reasonable timeframe, and in any event

not later than 48 hours after obtaining knowledge that the

child pornography was being hosted, stored, or made available

by the provider (or, in the case of a provider that, for the

most recent calendar year, averaged fewer than 10,000,000

active users on a monthly basis in the United States, within

a reasonable timeframe, and in any event not later than 2

business days after obtaining such knowledge);

“(2) the provider exercised a reasonable, good faith

effort to disable access to or remove the child pornography

but was unable to do so for reasons outside the provider's

control; or

“(3) it is technologically impossible for the provider to

disable access to or remove the child pornography without

compromising encryption technologies.

“(i) Sanctions for Repeated Bad Faith Civil Actions or

Defenses.—

“(1) Definitions.—In this subsection:

“(A) Bad faith civil action.—The term `bad faith civil

action' means a civil action brought under subsection (a) in

bad faith where the finder of fact determines that at the

time the civil action was filed, the party, attorney, or law

firm described in paragraph (2) had actual knowledge that—

“(i) the alleged conduct did not involve any minor; or

“(ii) the alleged child pornography did not depict—

“(I) any minor; or

“(II) sexually explicit conduct, sexual suggestiveness,

full or partial nudity, or implied sexual activity.

“(B) Bad faith defense.—The term `bad faith defense'

means a defense in a civil action brought under subsection

(a) raised in bad faith where the finder of fact determines

that at the time the defense was raised, the party, attorney,

or law firm described in paragraph (3) had actual knowledge

that the defense—

“(i) was made solely for the purpose of delaying the civil

action or increasing the costs of the civil action; or

“(ii) was objectively baseless in light of the applicable

law or facts at issue.

“(2) Bad faith civil action.—In the case of a civil

action brought under subsection (a), the court may impose

sanctions on—

“(A) the party bringing the civil action if the court

finds that the party has brought 2 or more bad faith civil

actions (which may include the instant civil action); or

“(B) an attorney or law firm representing the party

bringing the civil action if the court finds that the

attorney or law firm has represented—

“(i) a party who has brought 2 or more bad faith civil

actions (which may include the instant civil action); or

“(ii) 2 or more parties who have each brought a bad faith

civil action (which may include the instant civil action).

“(3) Bad faith defense.—In the case of a civil action

brought under subsection (a), the court may impose sanctions

on—

“(A) the party defending the civil action if the court

finds that the party has raised 2 or more bad faith defenses

(which may include 1 or more defenses raised in the instant

civil action); or

“(B) an attorney or law firm representing the party

defending the civil action if the court finds that the

attorney or law firm has represented—

“(i) a party who has raised 2 or more bad faith defenses

(which may include 1 or more defenses raised in the instant

civil action); or

“(ii) 2 or more parties who have each raised a bad faith

defense (which may include a defense raised in the instant

civil action).

“(4) Implementation.—Rule 11(c) of the Federal Rules of

Civil Procedure shall apply to sanctions imposed under this

subsection in the same manner as that rule applies to

sanctions imposed for a violation of rule 11(b) of those

Rules.

“(5) Rules of construction.—

“(A) Rule 11.—This subsection shall not be construed to

limit or expand the application of rule 11 of the Federal

Rules of Civil Procedure.

“(B) Definition change.—Paragraph (1)(A)(ii) shall not be

construed to apply to a civil action affected by a

contemporaneous change in the law with respect to the

definition of `child pornography'.

“(j) Definitions.—In this section:

“(1) App.—The term `app' means a software application or

electronic service that may be run or directed by a user on a

computer, a mobile device, or any other general purpose

computing device.

“(2) App store.—The term `app store' means a publicly

available website, software application, or other electronic

service that—

“(A) distributes apps from third-party developers to users

of a computer, a mobile device, or any other general purpose

computing device; and

“(B) operates—

“(i) through the use of any means or facility of

interstate or foreign commerce; or

“(ii) in or affecting interstate or foreign commerce.

“(3) Interactive computer service.—The term `interactive

computer service' means an interactive computer service, as

defined in section 230(f) of the Communications Act of 1934

(47 U.S.C. 230(f)), that operates—

“(A) through the use of any means or facility of

interstate or foreign commerce; or

“(B) in or affecting interstate or foreign commerce.

“(k) Savings Clause.—Nothing in this section, including

the defenses under this section, shall be construed to apply

to any civil action brought under any other Federal law,

rule, or regulation, including any civil action brought

against a provider of an interactive computer service or an

app store under section 1595 or 2255.”.

(2) Clerical amendment.—The table of sections for chapter

110 of title 18, United States Code, is amended by inserting

after the item relating to section 2255 the following:

“2255A. Additional remedy for certain victims of child pornography or

child sexual exploitation.”.

SEC. 1099. SEVERABILITY.

If any provision of this subtitle, an amendment made by

this subtitle, or the application of such provision or

amendment to any person or circumstance is held to be

unconstitutional, the remainder of this subtitle and the

amendments made by this subtitle, and the application of the

provision or amendment to any other person or circumstance,

shall not be affected.

SEC. 1100. CONTINUED APPLICABILITY OF FEDERAL, STATE, AND

TRIBAL LAW.

(a) Federal Law.—Nothing in this subtitle or the

amendments made by this subtitle, nor any rule or regulation

issued pursuant to this subtitle or the amendments made by

this subtitle, shall affect or diminish any right or remedy

for a victim of child pornography or child sexual

exploitation under any other Federal law, rule, or

regulation, including any claim under section 2255 of title

18, United States Code, with respect to any individual or

entity.

(b) State or Tribal Law.—Nothing in this subtitle or the

amendments made by this subtitle, nor any rule or regulation

issued pursuant to this subtitle or the amendments made by

this subtitle, shall—

(1) preempt, diminish, or supplant any right or remedy for

a victim of child pornography or child sexual exploitation

under any State or Tribal common or statutory law; or

(2) prohibit the enforcement of a law governing child

pornography or child sexual exploitation that is at least as

protective of the rights of a victim as this subtitle and the

amendments made by this subtitle.

SA 5865. Mr. MERKLEY (for himself and Mr. Cruz) submitted an amendment intended to be proposed by him to the bill S. 4784, to authorize appropriations for fiscal year 2027 for military activities of the Department of Defense, for military construction, and for defense activities of the Department of Energy, to prescribe military personnel strengths for such fiscal year, and for other purposes; which was ordered to lie on the table; as follows:

At the end of title XII, insert the following:

Subtitle F—Blue Skies for Taiwan Act of 2026

SEC. 1281. SHORT TITLE.

This subtitle may be cited as the “Blue Skies for Taiwan

Act of 2026”.

SEC. 1282. DEFINITIONS.

In this subtitle:

(1) Appropriate congressional committees.—The term

“appropriate congressional committees” means—

(A) the Committee on Foreign Relations, the Committee on

Armed Services, the Committee on the Budget, and the

Committee on Appropriations of the Senate; and

(B) the Committee on Foreign Affairs, the Committee on

Armed Services, the Committee on the Budget, and the

Committee on Appropriations of the House of Representatives.

(2) Blue uas.—The term “Blue UAS” refers to UAS

components and systems that comply with Defense Contract

Management Agency's Blue UAS program and its associated list.

SEC. 1283. FINDINGS.

Congress makes the following findings:

(1) Taiwan is a longstanding and vital democratic partner

whose security is central to United States strategic

interests and regional stability in the Indo-Pacific region.

(2) The People's Republic of China (PRC) is increasingly

employing gray-zone tactics, including routine use of

unmanned aerial systems and other low-cost platforms, to

pressure Taiwan and undermine its security.

(3) As set forth in the Taiwan Relations Act of 1979

(Public Law 96-8), it is United States policy to maintain its

capacity to resist any resort to force or other forms of

coercion against Taiwan and provide Taiwan with arms of a

defensive nature.

(4) As set forth in the Taiwan Enhanced Resilience Act

(subtitle A of title XII of Public Law 117-263), it is the

sense of Congress that the United States should support

Taiwan's acquisition and employment of capabilities that

advance asymmetric strategies.

(5) The vast majority of commercially available UAS contain

PRC-sourced components, creating significant cybersecurity,

supply chain, and operational risks for both Taiwan and the

United States.

(6) Taiwan is well-positioned to develop and produce UAS

components and systems but faces challenges in competing with

PRC commercial companies, accessing capital, and meeting

United States certification and cybersecurity requirements.

(7) The United States should support UAS supply chain

development in Taiwan to strengthen Taiwan's asymmetric

defense posture and expand United States access to secure,

PRC-independent UAS components and systems.

(8) The Army Organic Industrial Base, including its

arsenals, depots, and ammunition plants, is undergoing

modernization to support emerging technologies and may

provide opportunities to support the testing and sustainment

of unmanned aerial systems and related components in

coordination with allies and partners.

SEC. 1284. BLUE UAS WORKING GROUP.

(a) Establishment.—Not later than 180 days after the date

of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of State, in

coordination with the Secretary of Defense, shall establish a

Blue UAS working group, leveraging existing workstreams and

expanding scope as needed, inclusive of government, industry,

and academic experts, to—

(1) assess Taiwan's domestic drone production capacity,

including research and development, legal and regulatory

frameworks, testing, certification, and production capacities

for dual-use drones;

(2) evaluate opportunities for public-private partnerships

between the United States and Taiwan for co-development and

co-production of UAS systems and components, including pilot

programs;

(3) identify barriers to the inclusion of Taiwan-

manufactured components and systems manufactured in Blue UAS

programs;

(4) identify regulatory, export-control, and certification

barriers that impede Taiwan's participation in Blue UAS

programs;

(5) provide recommendations to expand and improve

incorporation of Taiwanese suppliers into Blue UAS programs;

(6) identify specific UAS components or systems that could

be integrated into Blue UAS programs within 12 to 24 months;

(7) analyze opportunities and impediments to include Taiwan

in the Defense Autonomous Warfare Group and similar

initiatives;

(8) assess opportunities for collaboration with the Army

Organic Industrial Base, including its arsenals, depots, and

ammunition plants, to support the testing, evaluation,

production, maintenance, and sustainment of Blue UAS

components and systems, including those co-developed or co-

produced with Taiwan; and

(9) institute lessons learned from the war in Ukraine, in

consultation with the United States European Command (EUCOM)

and Ukrainian officials.

(b) Reporting.—Not later than one year after the date of

the enactment of this Act, and annually thereafter for three

years, the Working Group shall submit to the appropriate

congressional committees an unclassified report on its

activities, including findings, recommendations, timelines,

resource needs, and potential funding mechanisms, with a

classified appendix as necessary.

SEC. 1285. COOPERATIVE FRAMEWORK WITH ALLIES.

(a) In General.—The Secretary of State, in coordination

with the Secretary of Defense, shall establish a cooperative

framework, drawing on the Partnership for Indo-Pacific

Industrial Resilience (PIPIR), among the United States,

Taiwan, and regional allies and global partners to promote

secure, PRC-independent UAS supply chains and enhance

interoperability.

(b) Elements.—The cooperative framework shall include—

(1) support regional allies in the acquisition of Blue UAS

components or systems from Taiwan in lieu of PRC-sourced

components; and

(2) fast-track Blue UAS certification for components co-

developed or co-produced by Taiwan and regional allies.

SEC. 1286. FAST-TRACK CERTIFICATION.

(a) In General.—The Secretary of State, in coordination

with the Secretary of Defense, shall develop a fast-track

process for Blue UAS companies in Taiwan to obtain Blue UAS

certification.

(b) Elements.—The fast-track certification process shall

include the following procedures:

(1) Expedited export control reviews and licensing for

Taiwan drone and drone component manufacturers, including

streamlined technical reviews for components with no PRC-

connected subcomponents.

(2) A fast-track certification procedure for Taiwanese

manufacturers, including reciprocal testing arrangements or

recognition of equivalent Taiwan cybersecurity standards

where appropriate.

SEC. 1287. RULES OF CONSTRUCTION.

Nothing in this subtitle shall be construed—

(1) to alter United States policy towards Taiwan as

codified in the Taiwan Relations Act of 1979 (Public Law 96-

8);

(2) to alter the United States commitment to the One China

Policy, including commitments made in the Three United

States-China Communiques and the Six Assurances to Taiwan; or

(3) to alter the United States Government's position with

respect to the international status of Taiwan.

SA 5866. Mr. CORNYN (for himself and Mr. Peters) submitted an amendment intended to be proposed by him to the bill S. 4784, to authorize appropriations for fiscal year 2027 for military activities of the Department of Defense, for military construction, and for defense activities of the Department of Energy, to prescribe military personnel strengths for such fiscal year, and for other purposes; which was ordered to lie on the table; as follows:

At the end of subtitle B of title VIII, add the following:

SEC. 823. AGENCY USE OF IT PRODUCTS.

(a) Definitions.—In this section:

(1) Appropriate congressional committees.—The term

“appropriate congressional committees” means—

(A) the congressional defense committees; and

(B) the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental

Affairs of the Senate and the Committee on Oversight of the

House of Representatives.

(2) Authorized reseller.—The term “authorized reseller”

means a reseller, after market manufacturer, supplier, or

distributor of a covered product that—

(A) has a direct or prime contractual arrangement with, or

the express written authority of, the eligible original

equipment manufacturer of the covered product to manufacture,

buy, stock, repackage, sell, resell, repair, service,

otherwise support, or distribute the covered product; and

(B) has not been found to be subject to criminal liability

pursuant to sections 2318, 2319, or 2320 of title 18, United

States Code, or civil liability pursuant to sections 42 or 43

of the Act entitled “An Act to provide for the registration

and protection of trademarks used in commerce, to carry out

the provisions of certain international conventions, and for

other purposes”, approved July 5, 1946 (commonly referred to

as the “Trademark Act of 1946”; 15 U.S.C. 1124, 1125).

(3) Covered product.—The term “covered product”—

(A) means an information and communications technology end-

use hardware product or component, including software and

firmware that comprise the end-use hardware product or

component; and

(B) does not include—

(i) other software; or

(ii) an end-use hardware product—

(I) in which there is embedded information and

communications technology; and

(II) the principal function of which is not the creation,

manipulation, storage, display, receipt, or transmission of

electronic data and information.

(4) Eligible original equipment manufacturer.—The term

“eligible original equipment manufacturer” means a company

that—

(A) manufactures a covered product that the company—

(i) designed from self-sourced or purchased components; and

(ii) sells under the name of the company; and

(B) has not been found to be subject to criminal liability

pursuant to sections 2318, 2319, or 2320 of title 18, United

States Code, or civil liability pursuant to sections 42 or 43

of the Act entitled “An Act to provide for the registration

and protection of trademarks used in commerce, to carry out

the provisions of certain international conventions, and for

other purposes”, approved July 5, 1946 (commonly referred to

as the “Trademark Act of 1946”; 15 U.S.C. 1124, 1125).

(5) End-use product.—The term “end-use product” means a

product ready for use by the maintainer, integrator, or end

user of the product.

(6) Information and communications technology.—The term

“information and communications technology”—

(A) has the meaning given the term in section 4713 of title

41, United States Code; and

(B) includes information and communications technologies

covered by definitions contained in the Federal Acquisition

Regulation, including definitions added after the date of the

enactment of this Act by the Federal Acquisition Regulatory

Council pursuant to notice and comment.

(b) Prohibition on Procurement and Use.—Subject to

subsection (c) and notwithstanding sections 1905 through 1907

of title 41, United States Code, the Secretary of Defense may

not procure or obtain, renew a contract to procure or obtain,

or use a covered product that is procured from an entity

other than an eligible original equipment manufacturer or an

authorized reseller.

(1) In general.—Upon notice to appropriate congressional

committees, the Secretary of Defense may waive the

prohibition under subsection (b) with respect to a covered

product if the Secretary determines that procuring,

obtaining, or using the covered product is necessary—

(A) for the purpose of scientifically valid research (as

defined in section 102 the Education Sciences Reform Act of

2002 (20 U.S.C. 9501)); or

(B) to avoid jeopardizing the performance of mission

critical functions.

(2) Notice.—The notice described in paragraph (1)—

(A) shall—

(i) specify, with respect to the waiver under paragraph

(1)—

(I) the justification for the waiver;

(II) any security mitigations that have been implemented;

and

(III) with respect to a waiver that necessitates a security

mitigation, the plan of action and milestones to avoid future

waivers for subsequent similar purchases; and

(ii) provide a declaration that covered product is not

being purchased from an entity that is under the influence or

control of a foreign adversary; and

(iii) be submitted in an unclassified form; and

(B) may include a classified annex.

(3) Duration.—With respect to a waiver for the purpose of

research, as described in paragraph (1)(A), the waiver shall

be effective for the duration of the research identified in

the waiver.

(d) Vendor Technical Assistance.—The Secretary of Defense

shall establish procurement guidance to provide assistance to

entities that are not eligible for procurements of covered

products due to the prohibition under subsection (b) on the

process of becoming an authorized reseller for covered

products.

(e) Reports to Congress.—

(1) In general.—Not later than 1 year after the date of

enactment of this Act, and annually thereafter until the date

that is 6 years after the date of enactment of this Act, the

Secretary of Defense shall submit to the appropriate

congressional committees a report that provides—

(A) the number and types of covered products for which a

waiver under subsection (c)(1) was granted during the 1-year

period preceding the date of the submission of the report;

(B) the legal authority under which each waiver described

in subparagraph (A) was granted, such as whether the waiver

was granted pursuant to subparagraph (A) or (B) of subsection

(c)(1); and

of waivers issued by the Department of Defense under

subsection (c)(1) with the goal of achieving full compliance

with the prohibition under subsection (b).

(2) Classification of report.—Each report submitted under

this subsection—

(A) shall be submitted in unclassified form; and

(B) may include a classified annex that contains the

information described in paragraph (1)(B).

(f) Redress Process.—

(1) Notice.—Not later than 30 days after the date on which

the Director of the Office of Management and Budget

determines that an entity is not an eligible original

equipment manufacturer or an authorized reseller, the

Director of the Office of Management and Budget shall issue

to the entity a notice of the determination—

(A) advising the entity of the determination;

(B) identifying the criteria relied upon and the

information that formed the basis for the determination;

receipt of the notice, the entity may submit to the Director

of the Office of Management and Budget a request to rescind

the determination with information and argument in opposition

to the determination;

(D) describing the procedures governing the review and

possible issuance of a determination; and

(E) where practicable, identifying mitigation steps that

could be taken by the entity that may result in the

rescission of the determination.

(2) Congressional notification requirements.—

(A) Notice of designation.—Not later than 30 days after

the date on which the Director of the Office of Management

and Budget issues a notice to an entity under paragraph (1),

the Director of the Office of Management and Budget shall

submit to the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental

Affairs of the Senate and the Committee on Oversight and

Accountability of the House of Representatives the notice.

(B) Information and argument in opposition to

determinations.—Not later than 30

days after the date on which the Director of the Office of

Management and Budget receives any information and argument

in opposition to a determination pursuant to paragraph

(1)(C), the Director of the Office of Management and Budget

shall submit to the Committee on Homeland Security and

Governmental Affairs of the Senate and the Committee on

Oversight and Accountability of the House of Representatives

such information.

(g) No New Funds.—No additional amounts are authorized to

be appropriated for the purpose of carrying out this section.

(h) Effective Date.—This section shall take effect on the

date that is 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act.

SA 5867. Mr. CORNYN (for himself and Ms. Hirono) submitted an amendment intended to be proposed by him to the bill S. 4784, to authorize appropriations for fiscal year 2027 for military activities of the Department of Defense, for military construction, and for defense activities of the Department of Energy, to prescribe military personnel strengths for such fiscal year, and for other purposes; which was ordered to lie on the table; as follows:

At the appropriate place in title X, insert the following:

SEC. __. APPLICABILITY OF AUTHORITY TO RECONSIDER DECISIONS

TO INTER THE REMAINS OR HONOR THE MEMORY OF A

PERSON IN A NATIONAL CEMETERY.

(a) In General.—Section 2411 of title 38, United States

Code, is amended—

(1) in subsection (d)(1), by inserting “made on or after

June 18, 1973,” after “reconsider a decision”;

(2) in subsections (b)(4)(A), (b)(5)(A), (d)(2)(A)(ii), and

(e)(1)(B), by striking “to be a tier III sex offender for

purposes of the Sex Offender Registration and Notification

Act (34 U.S.C. 20901 et seq.)” each place it appears and

inserting “to meet the definition of a tier III sex offender

under section 111 of the Sex Offender Registration and

Notification Act (34 U.S.C. 20911)”; and

(3) by adding at the end the following new subsection:

“(g) This section shall apply with respect to applications

for interment or memorialization made on or after June 18,

1973.”.

(b) Conforming Repeals.—

(1) Section 2 of the Alicia Dawn Koehl Respect for National

Cemeteries Act (Public Law 113-65) is amended by striking

subsection (c).

(2) Section 1 of the Act entitled “An Act to amend title

38, United States Code, to prohibit interment or

memorialization in certain cemeteries of persons committing

Federal or State capital crimes”, approved November 21, 1997

(Public Law 105-116), is amended by striking subsection (c).

SA 5868. Mr. CORNYN (for himself and Mr. Coons) submitted an amendment intended to be proposed by him to the bill S. 4784, to authorize appropriations for fiscal year 2027 for military activities of the Department of Defense, for military construction, and for defense activities of the Department of Energy, to prescribe military personnel strengths for such fiscal year, and for other purposes; which was ordered to lie on the table; as follows:

At the end of subtitle C of title XII, insert the

following:

SEC. 1230. EXPANSION OF PERMISSIBLE USES OF UKRAINE SUPPORT

FUND.

Section 104(f)(2) of the Rebuilding Economic Prosperity and

Opportunity for Ukrainians Act (division F of Public Law 118-

50; 22 U.S.C. 9521 note) is amended by adding at the end the

following:

“(D) Purchases by the Government of Ukraine of defense

articles and services to respond to and recover from the

consequences of the aggression of the Russian Federation.”.

SA 5869. Mr. DAINES submitted an amendment intended to be proposed by him to the bill S. 4784, to authorize appropriations for fiscal year 2027 for military activities of the Department of Defense, for military construction, and for defense activities of the Department of Energy, to prescribe military personnel strengths for such fiscal year, and for other purposes; which was ordered to lie on the table; as follows:

At the appropriate place, insert the following:

SEC. . ACCESS TO BENEFICIAL OWNERSHIP INFORMATION.

(a) Short Title.—This section may be cited as the

“Ownership Clarity Act”.

(b) Access to Beneficial Ownership Information.—Section

5336 of title 31, United States Code, is amended—

(1) by redesignating subsection (j) as subsection (k); and

(2) by inserting after subsection (i) the following:

“(j) Access to Beneficial Ownership Information by Private

Parties.—

“(1) Definitions.—In this subsection:

“(A) Access license.—The term `access license' means a

license to access beneficial ownership information in

accordance with this subsection.

“(B) Covered entity.—The term `covered entity' means a

financial institution that provides, or an entity that

assists a financial institution in providing, screening

services.

“(C) Permitted personnel.—The term `permitted personnel'

means personnel of a covered entity who are permitted to

access beneficial ownership information in accordance with

this subsection.

“(D) Permitted purpose.—The term `permitted purpose'

means the use of beneficial ownership information for

screening services.

“(E) Screening services.—The term `screening services'

means the risk management procedures and activities

undertaken by permitted personnel for the protection of the

United States national security from international illicit

actors and corrupt foreign officials who seek to exploit the

financial systems of the United States by engaging in illicit

activity such as serious tax fraud, human and drug

trafficking, money laundering, financing terrorism.

“(2) Access licenses.—

“(A) In general.—Notwithstanding any other provision of

this section, the Director shall establish a process by which

covered entities may apply to the Director for an access

license.

“(B) Determination.—The Director may not issue an access

license to a covered entity unless the Director determines

that—

“(i) access to beneficial ownership information under this

subsection is predicated upon a reasonable concern for United

States national security and United States economic

stability, by identifying international illicit actors and

corrupt foreign officials and preventing international

illicit activity such as—

“(I) international terrorist financing;

“(II) any activity engaged in by an agent of the

Government of Iran, North Korea, Syria, or any other

government the Secretary of State has determined has

repeatedly provided support for acts of international

terrorism for purposes of—

“(aa) section 1754(c)(1)(A)(i) of the Export Control

Reform Act of 2018 (50 U.S.C. 4813(c)(1)(A)(i));

“(bb) section 620A of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961

(22 U.S.C. 2371);

“(cc) section 40(d) of the Arms Export Control Act (22

U.S.C. 2780(d)); or

“(dd) any other provision of law;

“(III) any activity engaged in by any individual or entity

included on the list of specially designated nationals and

blocked persons maintained by the Office of Foreign Assets

Control of the Department of the Treasury; or

“(IV) any other illicit financial conduct directly or

indirectly supporting a transnational criminal organization,

transnational drug trafficking organization, or transnational

money laundering organization;

“(ii) the covered entity limits access to and use of the

beneficial ownership information to permitted personnel of

the covered entity in connection with, or to support,

screening services; and

“(iii) the use, disclosure, and retention of the

beneficial ownership information is strictly limited to a

permitted purpose.

“(C) Duration.—

“(i) In general.—An access license issued under this

subsection shall expire on the date that is 2 years after the

date on which the license is issued.

“(ii) Renewal.—An expired access license may be renewed

for 2-year periods in accordance with the process established

under this paragraph.

“(3) Regulations.—The Director shall promulgate

regulations governing the use, disclosure, and retention of

the beneficial ownership information accessed pursuant to an

access license issued under this subsection.”.

SA 5870. Mr. DAINES submitted an amendment intended to be proposed by him to the bill S. 4784, to authorize appropriations for fiscal year 2027 for military activities of the Department of Defense, for military construction, and for defense activities of the Department of Energy, to prescribe military personnel strengths for such fiscal year, and for other purposes; which was ordered to lie on the table; as follows:

At the end of subtitle E of title III add the following:

SEC. 358. ADVANCED NOTIFICATION TO CONGRESS ON USE OF

PROPRIETARY LABELS.

(a) In General.—The Director of the Defense Logistics

Agency shall submit to the congressional defense committees a

notification—

(1) before procuring a new item with a national stock

number having an original listing as proprietary, which shall

include—

(A) a justification as to why the labeling of the item as

proprietary is warranted; and

(B) the price point for the item and a comparison to a

similar item that is not proprietary; and

(2) before a national stock number has its characteristics

data updated to proprietary, which shall include—

(A) a justification as to why such update is warranted;

(B) the price point for the item and a comparison to a

similar item that is not proprietary; and

proprietary item.

(b) Annual Report.—Not less frequently than annually, the

Director shall submit to Congress a report on the year over

year use of proprietary labels by the Department of Defense

and the associated price increases for use of such labels.

SA 5871. Mr. DAINES submitted an amendment intended to be proposed by him to the bill S. 4784, to authorize appropriations for fiscal year 2027 for military activities of the Department of Defense, for military construction, and for defense activities of the Department of Energy, to prescribe military personnel strengths for such fiscal year, and for other purposes; which was ordered to lie on the table; as follows:

At the end of subtitle B of title III, add the following:

SEC. 320C. TREATMENT OF AIR FORCE MILITARY CONSTRUCTION AND

LAND ACQUISITION FUNCTIONS UNDER SENTINEL

PROGRAM.

(a) Authority Relating to Environmental Review.—

Notwithstanding any other provision of law, military

construction and land acquisition functions of the Department

of the Air Force for projects related to the Sentinel

intercontinental ballistic missile program (previously

referred to as the “ground-based strategic weapon program”)

shall not be considered to be a major Federal action under

the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (42 U.S.C. 4321

et seq.) or an undertaking for the purposes of division A of

subtitle III of title 54, United States Code, if the

activity—

(1) occurs on previously developed land; and

(2) does not substantially alter land use.

(b) Rule of Construction.—Nothing in this section may be

construed as altering whether an activity described in

subsection (a) is considered to be a major Federal action

under the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (42

U.S.C. 4321 et seq.) or an undertaking under division A of

subtitle III of title 54, United States Code, for a reason

other than military construction or land acquisition by the

Department of the Air Force.

SA 5872. Mr. DAINES submitted an amendment intended to be proposed by him to the bill S. 4784, to authorize appropriations for fiscal year 2027 for military activities of the Department of Defense, for military construction, and for defense activities of the Department of Energy, to prescribe military personnel strengths for such fiscal year, and for other purposes; which was ordered to lie on the table; as follows:

At the appropriate place in title VII, insert the

following:

SEC. . ESTABLISHMENT OF ANTIVENOM BANK.

Not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of

this Act, the Commanding General of the Medical Research and

Development Command of the Army shall establish and maintain

an antivenom bank.

SA 5873. Mr. DAINES submitted an amendment intended to be proposed by him to the bill S. 4784, to authorize appropriations for fiscal year 2027 for military activities of the Department of Defense, for military construction, and for defense activities of the Department of Energy, to prescribe military personnel strengths for such fiscal year, and for other purposes; which was ordered to lie on the table; as follows:

At the end of subtitle E of title XII, add the following:

SEC. 1271. TERMINATION OF APPLICATION OF TITLE IV OF THE

TRADE ACT OF 1974 TO PRODUCTS OF CERTAIN

COUNTRIES.

(a) Presidential Determinations and Extension of

Nondiscriminatory Treatment.—Notwithstanding any provision

of title IV of the Trade Act of 1974 (19 U.S.C. 2431 et

seq.), the President may—

(1) determine that such title should no longer apply to a

covered country; and

(2) after making a determination under paragraph (1) with

respect to a covered country, proclaim the extension of

nondiscriminatory treatment (normal trade relations

treatment) to the products of the covered country.

(b) Termination of Applicability of Title IV.—On and after

the effective date under subsection (a)(2) of the extension

of nondiscriminatory treatment to the products of a covered

country, title IV of the Trade Act of 1974 (19 U.S.C. 2431 et

seq.) shall cease to apply to the covered country.

“covered country” means any country excluding Belarus,

Cuba, and North Korea.

SA 5874. Mr. McCORMICK (for himself and Ms. Rosen) submitted an amendment intended to be proposed by him to the bill S. 4784, to authorize appropriations for fiscal year 2027 for military activities of the Department of Defense, for military construction, and for defense activities of the Department of Energy, to prescribe military personnel strengths for such fiscal year, and for other purposes; which was ordered to lie on the table; as follows:

At the appropriate place in title X, insert the following:

SEC. 10__. DEPARTMENT OF VETERANS AFFAIRS GRANT PROGRAM FOR

SUPPLEMENTAL NEUROREHABILITATION APPROACHES TO

CHRONIC MILD TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY TREATMENT.

(a) In General.—The Secretary of Veterans Affairs (in this

section referred to as the “Secretary”) shall establish a

grant program (to be known as the “TBI Innovation Grant

Program”) to award grants to eligible entities for the

development, implementation, and evaluation of approaches and

methodologies for prospective randomized control trials for

neurorehabilitation treatments for chronic mild traumatic

brain injury (in this section referred to as “mTBI”) in

veterans.

(b) Duration.—The authority of the Secretary to carry out

the grant program under this section shall terminate at the

end of the three-year period beginning on the date of the

enactment of this Act.

under this section shall use amounts awarded under such grant

to support activities that include—

(1) designing and testing novel or integrative treatments

for mTBI that prioritize patient-centered care, including

non-pharmacological therapies;

(2) conducting clinical studies and assessments to measure

the effectiveness of approaches—

(A) to improve mental health outcomes among veterans;

(B) to reduce suicidality and common risk factors for

completing suicide among veterans, including depression and

substance use disorders; and

(3) providing training for clinicians and outreach to

veterans and their families to improve awareness and

accessibility of innovative mTBI treatments; and

(4) establishing partnerships with community organizations,

academic institutions, and health care facilities of the

Department of Veterans Affairs (in this section referred to

as the “Department”) to implement and evaluate best

practices.

(d) Limitation on Grant Amount.—The Secretary may not

award an eligible entity a grant under this section in an

amount that exceeds $5,000,000 per fiscal year.

(e) Priority.—In awarding grants under this section, the

Secretary shall give priority to eligible entities that the

Secretary determines have demonstrated experience in

delivering or researching effective treatments for mTBI.

(f) Program Administration.—

(1) Applications.—An eligible entity desiring a grant

under this section shall submit to the Secretary an

application therefor in such form, at such time, and

containing such information and assurances as the Secretary

determines appropriate, including a detailed description of—

(A) proposed activities;

(B) expected outcomes; and

(2) Periodic reports.—An eligible entity in receipt of a

grant under this section shall, not less frequently than

annually, submit to the Secretary a report that includes,

with respect to the period covered by the report—

(A) a description of how the eligible entity used amounts

provided under such grant;

(B) a summary of the progress of activities funded with

such amounts; and

(3) Oversight; annual evaluations.—The Secretary shall—

(A) ensure rigorous oversight with respect to the grant

program under this section; and

(B) on an annual basis during the period in which the

authority to carry out the grant program is effective,

evaluate the efficacy of activities funded with amounts

provided under a grant awarded under such grant program.

(g) Coordination With Mental Health Services of Department

of Veterans Affairs.—The Secretary shall ensure that the

grant program under this section aligns with the Staff

Sergeant Parker Gordon Fox Suicide Prevention Grant Program

of the Department under section 201 of the Commander John

Scott Hannon Veterans Mental Health Care Improvement Act of

2019 (Public Law 116-171; 38 U.S.C. 1720F note)—

(1) to provide for cohesive and comprehensive support for

veterans with mTBI and associated mental health conditions;

and

(2) to increase research and development on integrated mTBI

and mental health interventions outside of the scope of

traditional pathways, interventions, programs, procedures,

and pharmaceuticals of the Department.

(h) Annual Review.—Not less frequently than annually

during the duration of the grant program under this section,

the Secretary shall review the effectiveness of such program

to determine the potential of such program for continuation

or expansion.

(i) Reports to Congress.—Not later than two years after

the date of the enactment of this Act, and not less

frequently than annually thereafter, the Secretary shall

submit to Congress a report that includes—

(1) the findings of the activities reported under

subsection (f)(2); and

(2) the recommendations of the Secretary with respect to

policy and programmatic improvements to services of the

Department to treat traumatic brain injuries among veterans.

(j) Regulations.—Not later than 180 days after the date of

the enactment of this Act,

the Secretary shall prescribe regulations to carry out this

section.

(k) Funding.—

(1) Available amounts.—The Secretary may carry out the

grant program under this section using amounts available to

the Secretary for general mental health care programs.

(2) Authorization of appropriations.—There are authorized

to be appropriated to the Secretary $30,000,000 for fiscal

years 2027 through 2029 to carry out the grant program under

this section, which shall remain available until expended.

(l) Definitions.—In this section:

(1) Eligible entity.—The term “eligible entity” means

any of the following:

(A) A nonprofit organization.

(B) An academic institution engaged in research with

respect to traumatic brain injury.

neurorehabilitative therapies.

(D) An entity the Secretary determines appropriate for an

award of a grant under this section.

(2) Treatment.—The term “treatment”, with respect to

traumatic brain injury, means clinical interventions,

therapeutic devices, or rehabilitation care provided directly

to a veteran with traumatic brain injury.

(3) Veteran.—The term “veteran” has the meaning given

that term in section 101 of title 38, United States Code.

SA 5875. Mr. McCORMICK (for himself and Mr. Hickenlooper) submitted an amendment intended to be proposed by him to the bill S. 4784, to authorize appropriations for fiscal year 2027 for military activities of the Department of Defense, for military construction, and for defense activities of the Department of Energy, to prescribe military personnel strengths for such fiscal year, and for other purposes; which was ordered to lie on the table; as follows:

At the appropriate place in title X, insert the following:

SEC. 10__. NATIONAL COMMISSION ON ROBOTICS.

(a) Establishment.—

(1) In general.—Not later than 30 days after the date of

the enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall establish an

independent commission to be known as the “Commission on

American Leadership in Robotics” (in this section referred

to as the “Commission”).

(2) Purpose.—The Commission shall—

(A) examine robotics as it pertains to interstate and

foreign commerce, economic competitiveness, and national

security; and

(B) make recommendations relating thereto to the

appropriate congressional committees.

(b) Membership.—

(1) Number and appointment.—The Commission shall be

composed of 18 members appointed as follows:

(A) Three members appointed by the Speaker of the House of

Representatives.

(B) Three members appointed by the Minority Leader of the

House of Representatives.

Senate.

(D) Three members appointed by the Minority Leader of the

Senate.

(E) Six members appointed by the President of the United

States.

(2) Deadline for appointment.—Members shall be appointed

to the Commission by not later than 45 days after the date on

which the Commission is established under subsection (a).

(3) Effect of lack of appointment by appointment date.—If

one or more appointments under paragraph (1) are not made by

the appointment date specified in paragraph (2), the

authority to make such appointment or appointments shall

expire, and the number of members of the Commission shall be

reduced to the number of appointments made to the Commission

as of that date.

(4) Qualifications.—Members of the Commission shall be

individuals who are recognized experts and have appropriate

professional experience in matters relating to any of the

following:

(A) Robotics.

(B) Applications, or potential applications, of robotics by

the private sector or public sector.

including economics, international trade, or supply chain

analysis.

(1) Chair.—The Majority Leader of the Senate and the

Speaker of the House of Representatives shall jointly

designate one member of the Commission to serve as Chair of

the Commission.

(2) Vice chair.—The Minority Leader of the Senate and the

Minority Leader of the House of Representatives shall jointly

designate one member of the Commission to serve as Vice Chair

of the Commission.

(d) Period of Appointment and Vacancies.—

(1) Period of appointment.—Members shall be appointed for

the life of the Commission.

(2) Vacancies.—A vacancy in the Commission shall not

affect its powers and shall be filled in the same manner as

the original appointment was made.

(e) Scope and Duties.—

(1) In general.—The Commission shall carry out a review of

advances in robotics.

(2) Considerations.—In carrying out the review under

paragraph (1), the Commission shall consider the methods,

means, and policies necessary to advance the development of

robotics by the United States to comprehensively address the

economic competitiveness and national security needs of the

United States.

(3) Scope of the review.—In conducting the review under

paragraph (1), the Commission shall consider the following:

(A) The competitiveness of the United States in robotics,

including matters related to the domestic marketplace for

robotics and private sector and public sector applications of

robotics in the United States.

(B) Means and methods for the United States to assert and

maintain a technological advantage in robotics, specifically

in the deployment of robotics in industrial, retail, and

commercial sectors in the United States.

foreign actions and policies to advance robotics.

(D) Means by which to foster greater emphasis and

investments in robotics to stimulate strategic partnerships

in robotics with industry, the public, and academic

institutions, to the extent that such efforts have material

application related to economic competitiveness and

manufacturing.

(E) Workforce incentives and programs to attract and

recruit leading talent in robotics, including in associated

science, technology, engineering, and mathematics fields, to

the extent that such efforts relate to economic

competitiveness in robotics.

(F) The global and domestic supply chain for robotics,

including any supply chain risks or dependencies, and

policies to increase the manufacturing of robotics in the

United States.

(G) Any other matters the Commission determines appropriate

related to robotics.

(f) Commission Report and Recommendations.—

(1) Interim report.—Not later than one year after the date

on which the Commission is established under subsection (a),

the Commission shall submit to the appropriate congressional

committees and the President an interim report on the status

of the review by the Commission under subsection (e),

including a discussion of any interim recommendations.

(2) Final report.—Not later than two years after the date

on which the Commission is established under subsection (a),

the Commission shall submit to the appropriate congressional

committees and the President a final report on the findings

of the Commission and such recommendations as the Commission

may have for action by Congress and the Federal Government.

(g) Government Cooperation.—

(1) Cooperation.—In carrying out its duties under this

section, the Commission shall receive the full and timely

cooperation of the Secretary and the heads of other relevant

Federal departments and agencies in providing the Commission

with analysis, briefings, and other information necessary for

the fulfillment of such duties.

(2) Liaison.—The Secretary shall designate at least one

officer or employee of the Department to serve as a liaison

officer between the Secretary and the Commission.

(3) Detailees authorized.—The Secretary and the heads of

other relevant Federal departments and agencies may provide,

and the Commission may accept and employ, personnel detailed

from the Department and such other Federal departments and

agencies, as the case may be, without reimbursement.

(4) Facilitation of certain services.—

(A) Independent, nongovernmental institute.—Not later than

45 days after the date on which the Commission is established

under subsection (a), the Secretary may make available to the

Commission the services of an independent, nongovernmental

institute described in section 501(c)(3) of the Internal

Revenue Code of 1986, and exempt from tax under section

501(a) of such Code, that has recognized credentials and

expertise in economic competitiveness and technology in order

to facilitate the discharge of the duties of the Commission

under this section.

(B) Federally funded research and development center.—On

request of the Commission, the Secretary shall make available

to the Commission the services of a federally funded research

and development center that is covered by a sponsoring

agreement of the Department in order to enhance the efforts

of the Commission to discharge its duties under this section.

(5) Other services.—

(A) In general.—The Secretary may provide to the

Commission, on a nonreimbursable basis, such administrative

services, funds, staff, facilities, and other support

services as are necessary for the discharge of the duties of

the Commission under this section.

(B) Other agencies.—In addition to any support provided

under subparagraph (A), the heads of other relevant Federal

departments and agencies may provide to the Commission such

services, funds, facilities, staff, and other support as such

heads determine advisable and as may be authorized by law.

(h) Staff.—

(1) Status as federal employees.—Notwithstanding the

requirements of section 2105 of title 5, United States Code,

including the required supervision under subsection

(a)(3) of such section, a member of the Commission shall be

considered to be a Federal employee.

(2) Executive director.—The Commission shall appoint and

fix the rate of basic pay for an Executive Director in

accordance with section 3161(d) of title 5, United States

Code.

(3) Pay.—The Executive Director, with the approval of the

Commission, may appoint and fix the rate of basic pay for

additional personnel as staff of the Commission in accordance

with section 3161(d) of title 5, United States Code.

(i) Personal Services.—

(1) Authority to procure.—The Commission may—

(A) procure the services of experts or consultants (or of

organizations of experts or consultants) in accordance with

the provisions of section 3109 of title 5, United States

Code; and

(B) pay in connection with such services travel expenses of

individuals, including transportation and per diem in lieu of

subsistence, while such individuals are traveling from their

homes or places of business to duty stations.

(2) Maximum daily pay rates.—The daily rate paid an expert

or consultant procured pursuant to paragraph (1) may not

exceed the daily rate paid a person occupying a position at

level IV of the Executive Schedule under section 5315 of

title 5, United States Code.

(j) Authority To Accept Gifts.—

(1) In general.—The Commission may accept, use, and

dispose of gifts or donations of services, goods, and

property from non-Federal entities for the purposes of aiding

and facilitating the work of the Commission.

(2) Exclusion of money.—The authority under paragraph (1)

does not extend to gifts of money.

(3) Documentation and conflicts.—Gifts accepted under the

authority under paragraph (1) shall be documented, and

conflicts of interest or the appearance of conflicts of

interest shall be avoided.

(4) Application of rules.—Subject to the authority in this

section, members of the Commission shall otherwise comply

with rules set forth by the Select Committee on Ethics of the

Senate and the Committee on Ethics of the House of

Representatives governing employees of the Senate and the

House of Representatives, respectively.

(k) Legislative Advisory Committee.—The Commission shall

operate as a legislative advisory committee.

(l) Contracting Authority.—The Commission may acquire such

administrative supplies and equipment as necessary for

Commission use to the extent funds are available.

(m) Use of Federal Government Information.—The Commission

may secure directly from any Federal department or agency

such information as the Commission considers necessary to

discharge its duties. Upon such request of the Chair of the

Commission, the head of such Federal department or agency

shall furnish such information to the Commission.

(n) Postal Services.—The Commission may use the United

States mail in the same manner and under the same conditions

as Federal departments and agencies.

(o) Space for Use of Commission.—

(1) In general.—Not later than 30 days after the date on

which the Commission is established under subsection (a), the

Administrator of General Services, in consultation with the

Commission, shall identify and make available suitable excess

space within the Federal space inventory to house the

operations of the Commission.

(2) Lease.—If the Administrator is not able to make

suitable excess space available within the 30-day period

under paragraph (1), the Commission may lease space to the

extent funds are available.

(p) Removal of Members.—

(1) In general.—A member may be removed from the

Commission for cause by the individual serving in the

position responsible for the original appointment of such

member under subsection (b)(1), if notice has first been

provided to such member of the cause for such removal and

such removal is voted and agreed upon by \3/4\ of the members

serving.

(2) Vacancy.—A vacancy created by removal under paragraph

(1) shall not affect the powers of the Commission, and shall

be filled in the same manner as the original appointment was

made.

(q) Termination.—The Commission shall terminate 18 months

after the date on which the Commission submits the final

report required under subsection (f)(2).

(r) Definitions.—In this section:

(1) Appropriate congressional committees.—The term

“appropriate congressional committees” means the Committee

on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate and

the Committee on Energy and Commerce of the House of

Representatives.

(2) Department.—The term “Department” means the

Department of Commerce.

(3) Robotics.—The term “robotics” includes each of the

following:

(A) Programmable multifunctional mechanical devices

designed to move material, parts, tools, or specialized

devices through variable programmed motions to perform a

variety of tasks.

(B) Programmed actuated mechanisms with a degree of

autonomy to perform locomotion, manipulation, or positioning.

manipulators, programmable in three or more axes, which can

be either fixed in place or fixed to a mobile platform for

use in automation applications in an industrial environment.

(D) Machines that—

(i) can sense their environment;

(ii) have the capacity to process the information they

sense; and

(iii) are organized to act directly upon their environment.

(E) Mechanical devices that are capable of locomotion,

navigation, or movement on the ground, and operate at a

distance from one or more operators or supervisors based on

commands or in response to sensor data, or through any

combination thereof, and that may also be referred to as

“unmanned ground vehicle systems”.

(4) Secretary.—The term “Secretary” means the Secretary

of Commerce.

SA 5876. Mr. McCORMICK (for himself and Ms. Rosen) submitted an amendment intended to be proposed by him to the bill S. 4784, to authorize appropriations for fiscal year 2027 for military activities of the Department of Defense, for military construction, and for defense activities of the Department of Energy, to prescribe military personnel strengths for such fiscal year, and for other purposes; which was ordered to lie on the table; as follows:

At the appropriate place, insert the following:

Subtitle __—Unmanned System Command and Control Integration Assessment

SEC. __1. SHORT TITLE.

This subtitle may be cited as the “Unmanned System Command

and Control Integration Assessment Act of 2026”.

SEC. __2. ASSESSMENT OF UNMANNED SYSTEM COMMAND AND CONTROL

FRAMEWORKS.

(a) Assessment Required.—Not later than 180 days after the

date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall, in

coordination with the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff,

the Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition and

Sustainment, the Secretary of Defense for Research and

Engineering, the Chief Information Officer, Joint Interagency

Task Force 401, the Director of the Defense Information

Systems Agency, the Commander of Joint Interoperability Test

Command, and the Secretaries of the military departments,

commence a comprehensive assessment of open-architecture,

unmanned system command and control frameworks with

demonstrated operational effectiveness.

(b) Scope of Allied and Partner System Review.—The

assessment commenced under subsection (a) shall review each

of the following allied and partner country unmanned systems

command and control frameworks and may include such

additional frameworks as the Secretary determines

appropriate:

(1) Ukraine's Delta battlefield management and unmanned

aircraft systems coordination system, including an analysis

of its technical architecture, its operational effectiveness

in contested environments, the interoperability and

integration lessons learned from its deployment that are

applicable to United States Armed Forces unmanned aircraft

systems command and control operations, and its cybersecurity

resilience under active electronic warfare and cyber attack.

(2) Israel's Multiple Drone Operating System, including an

analysis of its technical architecture, its demonstrated

operational effectiveness in managing simultaneous civilian,

commercial, and military unmanned aircraft systems

operations, the interoperability and integration lessons

learned from its deployment that are applicable to United

States Armed Forces unmanned aircraft systems command and

control operations, and its cybersecurity and emergency

prioritization mechanisms.

subsection (a) shall address, at a minimum, each of the

following elements:

(1) Architectural analysis, including—

(A) a comparative analysis of the technical architectures

of the unmanned systems command and control frameworks

reviewed, including data formats, communication protocols,

interface standards, and software design approaches;

(B) an evaluation of the degree to which each framework

employs open-architecture and modular open-systems

architecture principles; and

most associated with operational effectiveness, adaptability,

and resilience in contested environments.

(2) Unmanned systems tier compatibility, including—

(A) an evaluation of each framework's capacity to manage

all unmanned systems within a single integrated command and

control environment;

(B) an identification of the technical and doctrinal

barriers to command and control interoperability across

unmanned systems s within a single framework; and

requirements a Department unmanned systems command and

control framework must meet to support effective employment

of unmanned systems across all in a joint operational

environment.

(3) Interoperability with existing Department systems,

including—

(A) a detailed assessment of the compatibility and

interoperability requirements for

integrating an open-architecture unmanned system command and

control framework with current and future Department command

and control modernization, as designated by the Secretary at

the time of the assessment;

(B) an identification of the interface standards, data

translation requirements, and technical integration pathways

that would be necessary to achieve such interoperability; and

including cybersecurity risks arising from connecting an

open-architecture system to existing classified networks.

(4) Cybersecurity and future-proofing, including—

(A) an assessment of the cybersecurity posture of each

framework reviewed, including its resilience to electronic

warfare, Global Positioning System denial, communications

jamming, and software-based cyber attack in active contested

environments;

(B) a recommendation for a cybersecurity standards

framework or updates to the Risk Management Framework of the

National Institute of Standards and Technology applicable to

a Department unmanned system command and control system

that—

(i) is based on the Cybersecurity Framework 2.0, published

by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, and

applicable special publications of the Institute, and is

designed to incorporate updated guidance from the Institute

without requiring legislative action;

(ii) incorporates a comprehensive supply chain risk

management strategy;

(iii) implements robust data-centric security controls,

including end-to-end data encryption, data tagging for

automated policy enforcement, and accredited cross-domain

solutions to prevent compromise between classification levels

and to enable secure data interoperability with mission

partners;

(iv) establishes vulnerability disclosure and patch

management standards enabling timely response to newly

identified threats without requiring system-wide redesign;

and

(v) specifies a recurring review cycle of not less than

once every 18 months to update cybersecurity standards as the

National Institute of Standards and Technology and other

relevant standards bodies publish new guidance, without

requiring legislative action; and

(vi) mandates alignment with Zero Trust Architecture (ZTA),

ensuring all data, applications, assets, and services are

managed with the assumption that the network is already

compromised;

can accommodate future unmanned systems technologies,

including autonomous systems, artificial intelligence-enabled

targeting and deconfliction, swarming capabilities, and

beyond-visual-line-of-sight operations, without requiring

full system replacement; and

(D) a recommended technology refresh cycle and associated

governance process for keeping a Department unmanned system

command and control framework current with advancing

technology and evolving threats.

(5) Tactical adaptability and field-level flexibility,

including—

(A) an assessment of the mechanisms within each framework

reviewed that enable tactical-level operators and commanders

to modify, adapt, or extend command and control functionality

without depending on centralized software updates or

acquisition processes, drawing on documented examples from

the conflict in Ukraine where unmanned aircraft systems

tactics evolved within weeks in response to adversary

countermeasures;

(B) a recommended design approach for a Department

framework that preserves appropriate security and safety

controls while enabling tactical-level customization,

including through the use of application programming

interfaces, modular software components, and operator-

accessible configuration tools; and

organizational changes required to enable and sustain field-

level innovation within a structured command and control

architecture.

(6) Classification and technology transfer, including—

(A) an assessment of the classification implications of a

Department unmanned system command and control framework,

including recommendations for which components may operate at

unclassified levels to maximize interoperability with allied

and commercial systems, and which must be classified;

(B) an assessment of the technology transfer and foreign

military sales implications of the frameworks reviewed,

including intellectual property and national security

considerations associated with adopting or adapting systems

developed by or with foreign partners; and

with other United States Government organizations, allies,

and partner nations that would facilitate ongoing exchange of

unmanned systems command and control lessons learned and

technical standards.

(7) Implementation roadmap, including—

(A) a recommended phased implementation approach for

developing and fielding a Department unmanned system command

and control framework, including recommended near-term pilot

programs or exercises that could demonstrate technical

feasibility and operational utility;

(B) an estimate of the resources, including funding,

personnel, and acquisition authorities, required to develop

and field the recommended framework; and

platforms, and acquisition vehicles that could serve as the

basis for or be accelerated by an unmanned system command and

control capability.

SEC. __3. INDEPENDENT ADVISORY PANEL.

(a) Establishment.—Not later than 60 days after the date

of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall establish

an independent advisory panel (in this section referred to as

the “Panel”) to provide independent review and technical

guidance to the assessment required under section __2.

(b) Composition.—The Panel shall consist of not fewer than

10 and not more than 15 members appointed by the Secretary,

including—

(1) not fewer than two individuals who have direct

operational experience in unmanned aircraft systems

employment in a joint or combined military environment;

(2) not fewer than two individuals who have technical

expertise in open-architecture software systems, modular

systems design, or command and control software architecture;

(3) not fewer than two individuals who have expertise in

cybersecurity, including experience with operational

technology cybersecurity in contested environments;

(4) at least three individuals who have expertise in

unmanned aircraft systems command and control operations,

doctrine, or command and control from an allied or partner

country with significant unmanned aircraft systems

operational experience, appointed in coordination with

relevant allied or partner country authorities;

(5) at least one individual with experience in unmanned

aircraft system (UAS) traffic management in the National

Airspace System; and

(6) such additional members as the Secretary determines

appropriate, which may include representatives from the

defense industrial base, federally funded research and

development centers, academic institutions with relevant

expertise, and the Department of Defense test and evaluation

community to ensure early consideration to interoperability,

testability, and certification requirements.

two-thirds of the members of the Panel may be a full-time

officer or employee of the United States Government.

(d) Duties.—The Panel shall provide written assessments

and recommendations on each element of the assessment

described in section __2(c) and shall have the opportunity to

review and comment on draft findings before finalization.

(e) Termination.—The Panel shall terminate on the date

that is 90 days after the date of the submittal of the final

report required under section __4(b).

(f) Compensation.—Members of the Panel who are not full-

time officers or employees of the United States Government

shall be compensated at a daily rate equal to the daily

equivalent of the annual rate of basic pay for level IV of

the Executive Schedule under section 5315 of title 5, United

States Code, for each day they are engaged in the performance

of Panel duties and shall be allowed travel expenses as

authorized under section 5703 of title 5, United States Code.

SEC. __ __4. REPORTS TO CONGRESS.—

(a) Interim Report.—Not later than 180 days after the date

of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall submit to

the congressional defense committees an interim report on the

status of the assessment required under section __2, which

shall include—

(1) an identification of any additional allied and partner

country frameworks selected for review and analysis beyond

those specified in section __2(b);

(2) a summary of findings from the architectural analysis

required under section __2(c)(1);

(3) a preliminary assessment of interoperability

requirements under section __2(c)(3); and

(4) any significant findings or challenges identified to

date.

(b) Final Report.—Not later than one year after the date

of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall submit to

the congressional defense committees a final report

containing the complete findings and recommendations of the

Secretary with respect to the assessment required under

section __2. The final report shall include—

(1) a determination as to whether the development of a

Department unmanned system command and control framework

based on open-architecture principles is feasible,

operationally necessary, and cost-effective;

(2) if the determination under paragraph (1) is

affirmative, a recommended framework architecture, phased

implementation roadmap, and legislative or regulatory actions

required to proceed;

(3) if the determination under paragraph (1) is negative or

qualified, a description of the specific barriers identified

and recommendations for addressing them; and

(4) a classified annex, as appropriate, containing any

elements that the Secretary determines must be protected from

public disclosure for national security reasons.

submitted in unclassified form, but may include a classified

annex. Unclassified portions shall be made publicly available

on the Department public website not later than 30 days after

submission.

(d) Annual Update.—For a period of five years following

submission of the final report under subsection (b), the

Secretary shall submit to the congressional defense

committees, as part of the annual budget justification

materials submitted to Congress in support of the budget of

the Department (as submitted with the budget of the President

under section 1105(a) of title 31, United States Code), an

update describing—

(1) actions taken by the Department in response to the

recommendations of the Secretary contained in the final

report;

(2) material changes in allied or partner country unmanned

systems command and control frameworks or practices relevant

to the assessment's conclusions;

(3) emerging unmanned systems technologies or cybersecurity

threats that would materially affect the recommended

framework architecture; and

(4) the status of any pilot programs, exercises, or

acquisition activities initiated pursuant to the

recommendations of the Secretary contained in the final

report.

SEC. __5. CYBERSECURITY STANDARDS FOR ANY RECOMMENDED

FRAMEWORK.

(a) Requirements.—Any unmanned system command and control

framework recommended in the final report required under

section __4(b), and any system developed or procured pursuant

to such a recommendation, shall—

(1) employ a modular open systems architecture that permits

individual software and hardware components to be updated,

replaced, or patched in response to identified cybersecurity

vulnerabilities without requiring redesign of the system as a

whole;

(2) apply a supply chain risk management framework

throughout the asset's and component's lifecycles;

(3) comply with the most current version of the

Cybersecurity Framework 2.0 published by the National

Institute of Standards and Technology and applicable special

publications of the Institute, as updated from time to time,

without requiring amendment of this Act to conform to new

guidance;

(4) include a documented vulnerability disclosure policy

and a process for receiving, triaging, and patching reported

vulnerabilities within defined response time standards

established by the Secretary; and

(5) undergo penetration testing by a National Security

Agency-certified red team not less frequently than once every

two years following initial fielding, with findings reported

to the Principal Cyber Advisor and, in summary form, to the

congressional defense committees.

(b) Exclusion of Covered Foreign Entities.—No software,

hardware, or service produced, provided, or operated by an

entity on the Federal Communications Commission Covered List

established under section 2 of the Secure and Trusted

Communications Networks Act of 2019 (47 U.S.C. 1601), or on

the Department of Defense Covered Foreign Entity list

maintained pursuant to section 4872 of title 10, United

States Code, may be incorporated into any unmanned system

command and control framework developed, procured, or fielded

pursuant to this Act.

coordination with the Director of the National Security

Agency, the Director of the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure

Security Agency, and the Chief Information Officer of the

Department, establish a process for reviewing and updating

the cybersecurity standards applicable to a framework

developed pursuant to this Act on a recurring basis of not

less than once every 18 months, to ensure such standards

remain current with the evolving threat environment and

applicable Federal standards without requiring legislative

action.

SEC. __6. COORDINATION WITH EXISTING DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE

PROGRAMS.

(a) Required Coordination.—In conducting the assessment

required under section __2, the Secretary shall ensure that

the unmanned system command and control framework under

consideration is assessed for compatibility with all current

Department command and control modernization programs of

record, as designated by the Secretary at the time of the

assessment. The Secretary shall update this assessment as the

portfolio of such programs evolves, ensuring that

recommendations remain current with the Department's command

and control modernization activities regardless of changes in

program names, structures, or priorities.

(b) Avoidance of Duplication.—In developing

recommendations under section __2, the Secretary shall assess

whether existing programs of record identified under

subsection (a) can be extended or adapted to provide the

unmanned system command and control capability described in

this Act without developing a wholly new system and shall

include in the final report a determination as to whether

such extension or adaptation is technically feasible and

operationally preferable.

Compatibility.—The Secretary shall ensure that the

assessment and any recommended framework account for the

domestic small unmanned aircraft systems industrial base

remediation efforts undertaken pursuant to section 914 of the

National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2026 (10

U.S.C. 4811 note), including ensuring that unmanned aircraft

systems platforms produced through those programs are

compatible with any recommended command and control

framework.

SEC. __7. SHARING OF FINDINGS WITH THE FEDERAL AVIATION

ADMINISTRATION.

(a) Transmission of Findings.—Not later than the date that

is 30 days after the date of the submittal of the final

report under section __4(b), the Secretary shall transmit to

the Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration an

unclassified summary of the findings and recommendations

included in the report, with particular attention to findings

regarding—

(1) open architecture and modular design principles

applicable to unmanned system command and control systems;

(2) cybersecurity standards and frameworks evaluated or

recommended for Department unmanned aircraft systems command

and control systems that may have applicability to civil

unmanned aircraft systems traffic management infrastructure;

(3) technical standards and interface specifications that

could support interoperability between military and civil

unmanned aircraft systems operations in shared airspace; and

(4) lessons learned from systems of allied and partner

countries of the United States, regarding the integration of

military, commercial, and civil unmanned aircraft systems

operations within a unified airspace management framework.

(b) Purpose.—The purpose of subsection (a) is to inform

any Federal Aviation Administration planning, rulemaking, or

feasibility assessment related to civil unmanned aircraft

system traffic management, beyond visual line of sight

operations, or national airspace integration, including any

activities undertaken pursuant to a feasibility assessment

directed by Congress regarding a national unmanned aircraft

systems traffic management system. Nothing in this section

shall be construed to require the Secretary to disclose any

classified information to the Administrator.

than the date that is 180 days after the date on which the

Administrator receives the summary transmitted under

subsection (a), the Administrator shall submit to the

congressional defense committees, the Committee on Commerce,

Science, and Transportation of the Senate, and the Committee

on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of

Representatives a written assessment of the relevance of such

findings to Federal Aviation Administration civil unmanned

aircraft systems airspace integration activities and any

actions the Federal Aviation Administration intends to take

in response.

SEC. __8. FUNDING.

Amounts obligated or expended by the Secretary to carry out

this subtitle shall be derived from amounts appropriated to

the Department for research, development, test, and

evaluation.

SEC. __9. DEFINITIONS.

In this subtitle:

(1) Command and control framework.—The term “command and

control framework” means the software architecture,

communications protocols, data standards, interface

specifications, and associated hardware that together enable

an operator or commander to task, direct, monitor, and

receive data from one or more unmanned aircraft systems.

(2) Congressional defense committees.—The term

“congressional defense committees” has the meaning given

that term in section 101(a) of title 10, United States Code.

(3) Department.—The term “Department” means the

Department of Defense.

(4) Modular open systems architecture.—The term “modular

open systems architecture” has the meaning given to that

term in section 4401(c) of title 10, United States Code, and

means a design approach in which key interfaces are defined

by widely supported and consensus-based standards, enabling

components to be added, modified, replaced, or removed with

minimal impact to the remainder of the system.

(5) Open architecture.—The term “open architecture”

means a system design based on published, consensus-developed

interface standards that permit systems from multiple vendors

to interoperate, and that permits components to be updated,

replaced, or added without redesign of the system as a whole.

(6) Secretary.—The term “Secretary” means the Secretary

of Defense, unless otherwise specified.

SA 5877. Mr. McCORMICK (for himself and Mr. Kelly) submitted an amendment intended to be proposed by him to the bill S. 4784, to authorize appropriations for fiscal year 2027 for military activities of the Department of Defense, for military construction, and for defense activities of the Department of Energy, to prescribe military personnel strengths for such fiscal year, and for other purposes; which was ordered to lie on the table; as follows:

At the appropriate place in subtitle B of title X, insert

the following:

SEC. __. PRIORITIZATION AND BRIEFING ON READY RESERVE FORCE

MODERNIZATION.

(a) Prioritization of Design Requirements.—The Secretary

of the Navy and the

Secretary of Transportation shall prioritize the finalization

of design requirements for new Ready Reserve Force vessels.

(b) Briefing Required.—Not later than 180 days after the

date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of the Navy,

in coordination with the Secretary of Transportation, shall

provide a briefing to the appropriate congressional

committees on the following:

(1) The status of the sealift vessel design being developed

pursuant to section 3546 of the James M. Inhofe National

Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2023 (46 U.S.C.

57100 note).

(2) The plan and timeline for establishing a vessel

construction manager program for Ready Reserve Force new

construction, including—

(A) the anticipated procurement strategy;

(B) the vessel construction manager selection process; and

(3) The funding profile required to execute the 10-ship

newbuild program authorized under section 2218(f) of title

10, United States Code, phased by fiscal year.

(4) The relationship between the newbuild program and the

ongoing used vessel procurement program, including how those

programs will be managed in parallel to maintain Ready

Reserve Force readiness during the transition period.

(1) Appropriate congressional committees.—The term

“appropriate congressional committees” means—

(A) the Committee on Armed Services and the Committee on

Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate; and

(B) the Committee on Armed Services and the Committee on

Energy and Commerce of the House of Representatives.

(2) Ready reserve force.—The term “Ready Reserve Force”

has the meaning given that term in chapter 571 of title 46,

United States Code.

SA 5878. Mr. McCORMICK (for himself, Ms. Warren, and Mr. Coons) submitted an amendment intended to be proposed by him to the bill S. 4784, to authorize appropriations for fiscal year 2027 for military activities of the Department of Defense, for military construction, and for defense activities of the Department of Energy, to prescribe military personnel strengths for such fiscal year, and for other purposes; which was ordered to lie on the table; as follows:

At the end of subtitle C of title XII, add the following:

SEC. 1230. IMPOSITION OF SANCTIONS WITH RESPECT TO TRADE IN

RUSSIAN ORIGIN PETROLEUM PRODUCTS.

(a) In General.—Beginning on the date that is 90 days

after the date of the enactment of this Act, the President

shall impose the sanctions described in subsection (b) with

respect to any foreign person that the Secretary of the

Treasury, in consultation with the Secretary of State,

determines—

(1) is responsible for or complicit in, or has directly or

indirectly engaged or attempted to engage in, the purchase or

importation into any country of crude oil or petroleum

products of Russian Federation origin;

(2) has knowingly facilitated financial transactions

related to an activity described in paragraph (1);

(3) has materially assisted, sponsored, or provided

material support for any activity described in paragraph (1)

or (2) by any person with respect to which sanctions have

been imposed under paragraph (1) or (2); or

(4) is or has been a chief executive officer or member of

the board of directors of any entity described in any of

paragraphs (1) through (3).

(b) Sanctions Described.—The sanctions described in this

subsection are the exercise all of the powers granted to the

President by the International Emergency Economic Powers Act

( 50 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.) to the extent necessary to block

and prohibit all transactions in property and interests in

property of a foreign person if such property and interests

in property are in the United States, come within the United

States, or are or come within the possession or control of a

United States person.

(1) In general.—The President may apply not more than 2 of

the types of exceptions described in paragraph (2) with

respect to the application of sanctions under subsection (a).

(2) Exceptions described.—

(A) Exception for countries that isolate russian funds and

reduce purchases.—

(i) In general.—The President may apply an exception to

the application of sanctions under subsection (a) with

respect to the purchase or importation into a country of

crude oil or petroleum products of Russian Federation origin

if the President determines that—

(I) any funds owed by the government of that country or

persons of that country to the Russian Federation or to the

sellers of crude oil or petroleum products of Russian

Federation origin as a result of the purchase or importation

will be—

(aa) credited to an account located in that country; and

(bb) used only to facilitate transactions in agricultural

commodities, food, medicine, or medical devices between the

Russian Federation and the country; and

(II) the government of the country has committed to

significantly reduce its purchases of crude oil and petroleum

products of Russian Federation origin.

(ii) Renewal required.—The authority to apply the

exception under clause (i) shall expire if the President does

not certify, not later than 180 days after the date of the

enactment of this Act, and every 180 days thereafter, that—

(I) the country has significantly reduced its volume of

purchases of crude oil and petroleum products of Russian

Federation origin during the preceding 180-day period; or

(II) the price and supply of crude oil and petroleum

products produced in countries other than the Russian

Federation is not sufficient to permit purchasers of crude

oil and petroleum products of Russian Federation origin to

reduce significantly in volume their purchases from the

Russian Federation.

(iii) Sanctions for misuse of account.—Any foreign person

responsible for or complicit in, or that has directly or

indirectly engaged or attempted to engage in, transactions

reliant on the funds in an account described in clause (i)(I)

for any purpose other than to facilitate transactions in

agricultural commodities, food, medicine, or medical devices

between the Russian Federation and the country in which the

account is located shall be subject to the sanctions

described in subsection (b).

(B) Exception for deposits into account to support

ukraine.—

(i) In general.—The President may apply an exception to

the application of sanctions under subsection (a) with

respect to the purchase or importation into a country of

crude oil or petroleum products of Russian Federation origin

if a payment per barrel of such crude oil or petroleum

products has been deposited into an account that the

President has established for the benefit of Ukraine (which

may include an account established under section 104 of the

Rebuilding Economic Prosperity and Opportunity for Ukrainians

Act (division F of Public Law 118-50; 22 U.S.C. 9521 note)).

(ii) Guidance.—The President may issue guidance and

develop implementation tools that assist private sector

entities in verifying that the payments described in clause

(i) corresponding to specific purchases have been deposited

in the account described in that clause.

(iii) Use of funds.—

(I) In general.—The funds in an account established as

described in clause (i) shall be available only for—

(aa) the purposes specified in section 104(f) of the

Rebuilding Economic Prosperity and Opportunity for Ukrainians

Act (division F of Public Law 118-50; 22 U.S.C. 9521 note);

and

(bb) funding the purchase by the Government of Ukraine of

defense articles for Ukraine to employ in response to Russian

Federation aggression.

(II) Timely disbursement.—A significant proportion of

funds in an account established as described in clause (i)

shall be disbursed not less frequently than every 90 days for

the purposes described in subclause (I).

(iv) Limitations on transfers and expenditures of funds.—

(I) Notification of transfers.—

(aa) In general.—The Secretary of State shall notify the

appropriate congressional committees not fewer than 15 days

before transferring any funds from an account established as

described in clause (i) to any other account for the purposes

described in clause (iii) or otherwise expending any of such

funds for such purposes.

(bb) Elements.—A notification under item (aa) shall

specify—

(AA) the amount of funds to be transferred or expended;

(BB) the specific purpose for which the funds are

transferred or expended; and

(CC) the recipient of those funds.

(II) Certification of transparency and accountability.—No

funds may be transferred or otherwise expended from an

account established as described in clause (i) unless the

President submits to the appropriate congressional committees

in writing a certification that a plan exists to ensure

transparency and accountability for all funds transferred

into and expended from any account receiving the funds.

(III) Joint resolution of disapproval.—No funds may be

transferred or expended pursuant to this clause if, within 15

days of receipt of the notification under subclause (I), a

joint resolution is enacted into law prohibiting such

transfer.

(i) In general.—The President may apply an exception to

the application of sanctions under subsection (a) with

respect to the purchase or importation into any country of

crude oil or petroleum products of Russian Federation origin

if the President determines and certifies in writing to the

appropriate congressional committees that the government of

that country is providing significant economic, humanitarian,

or military support to the Government of Ukraine.

(ii) Renewal required.—The authority to apply the

exception under clause (i) with respect to a country shall

expire if the President does not certify, not later than 180

days after the date of the enactment of this Act, and every

180 days thereafter, that the government of the country is

providing significant economic, humanitarian, or military

support to the Government of Ukraine.

(D) Temporary port-specific exceptions.—

(i) In general.—During the period beginning on the date of

the enactment of this Act

and ending on the date that is 270 days after such date of

enactment, the President may apply an exception to the

application of sanctions under subsection (a) for the

purchase or the importation into any country of crude oil or

petroleum products of Russian Federation exported from

specific Russian Federation ports if the President submits to

the appropriate congressional committees a report providing a

justification for the exception.

(ii) Limitation.—An exception applied under clause (i) may

not cover, at any time, ports that are estimated to have

cumulatively accounted for more than half of the oil export

capacity of the Russian Federation in 2025.

(d) Implementation; Penalties.—

(1) Implementation.—The President may exercise all

authorities provided under sections 203 and 205 of the

International Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1702

and 1704) to carry out this section.

(2) Penalties.—The penalties provided for in subsections

(b) and (c) of section 206 of the International Emergency

Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1705) shall apply to any

person that violates, attempts to violate, conspires to

violate, or causes a violation of any prohibition under this

section, or any order or regulation prescribed under this

section, to the same extent that such penalties apply to a

person that commits an unlawful act described in section

206(a) of such Act (50 U.S.C. 1705(a)).

(e) Rulemaking.—

(1) In general.—The President may prescribe such

regulations as may be necessary to carry out this section

(which may include regulatory exceptions), including under

section 205 of the International Emergency Economic Powers

Act (50 U.S.C. 1704).

(2) Rule of construction.—Nothing in this section may be

construed to limit the authority of the President pursuant to

the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C.

1701 et seq.).

(f) Exception Relating to Importation of Goods.—

(1) In general.—A requirement to block and prohibit all

transactions in all property and interests in property under

this section shall not include the authority or a requirement

to impose sanctions on the importation of goods.

(2) Good.—In this subsection, the term “good” means any

article, natural or manmade substance, material, supply, or

manufactured product, including inspection and test

equipment, and excluding technical data.

(g) Sunset.—The provisions of this section, and any

sanctions imposed under this section, shall terminate on the

date that is 5 years after the date of the enactment of this

Act.

(h) Definitions.—In this section:

(1) Agricultural commodity.—The term “agricultural

commodity” has the meaning given such term in section 102 of

the Agricultural Trade Act of 1978 (7 U.S.C. 5602).

(2) Appropriate congressional committees.—The term

“appropriate congressional committees” means—

(A) the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs

and the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate; and

(B) the Committee on Foreign Affairs and the Committee on

Financial Services of the House of Representatives.

(3) Defense article.—The term “defense article” has the

meaning given that term in section 47 of the Arms Export

Control Act (22 U.S.C. 2794).

(4) Foreign person.—The term “foreign person” means an

individual or entity that is not a United States person.

(5) Knowingly.—The term “knowingly”, with respect to

conduct, a circumstance, or a result, means that a person had

actual knowledge, or should have known, of the conduct, the

circumstance, or the result.

(6) Medical device.—The term “medical device” has the

meaning given the term “device” in section 201 of the

Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (21 U.S.C. 321).

(7) Medicine.—The term “medicine” has the meaning given

the term “drug” in section 201 of the Federal Food, Drug,

and Cosmetic Act (21 U.S.C. 321).

(8) United states person.—The term “United States

person” means—

(A) a United States citizen or an alien lawfully admitted

for permanent residence to the United States;

(B) an entity organized under the laws of the United States

or any jurisdiction within the United States, including a

foreign branch of such an entity; or

SA 5879. Mr. McCORMICK (for himself, Ms. Smith, Mr. Tillis, and Mr. Gallego) submitted an amendment intended to be proposed by him to the bill S. 4784, to authorize appropriations for fiscal year 2027 for military activities of the Department of Defense, for military construction, and for defense activities of the Department of Energy, to prescribe military personnel strengths for such fiscal year, and for other purposes; which was ordered to lie on the table; as follows:

At the appropriate place, insert the following:

SEC. . 7-YEAR EXTENSION OF TERRORISM RISK INSURANCE

PROGRAM.

(a) Termination Date.—Section 108(a) of the Terrorism Risk

Insurance Act of 2002 (15 U.S.C. 6701 note) is amended by

striking “2027” and inserting “2034”.

(b) Timing of Mandatory Recoupment.—Section

103(e)(7)(E)(i) of the Terrorism Risk Insurance Act of 2002

(15 U.S.C. 6701 note) is amended—

(1) in subclause (I)—

(A) by striking “2022” and inserting “2029”; and

(B) by striking “2024” and inserting “2031”;

(2) in subclause (II)—

(A) by striking “2023” and inserting “2030”;

(B) by striking “2029” and inserting “2036”; and

(3) in subclause (III)—

(A) by striking “2029” and inserting “2036”; and

(B) by striking “2024” and inserting “2031”.

SA 5880. Mr. McCORMICK (for himself and Mr. Hagerty) submitted an amendment intended to be proposed by him to the bill S. 4784, to authorize appropriations for fiscal year 2027 for military activities of the Department of Defense, for military construction, and for defense activities of the Department of Energy, to prescribe military personnel strengths for such fiscal year, and for other purposes; which was ordered to lie on the table; as follows:

At the end of division A, add the following:

TITLE XVII—COMMITTEE ON FOREIGN INVESTMENT IN THE UNITED STATES

SEC. 1701. SHORT TITLE.

This subtitle may be cited as the “CFIUS Modernization Act

of 2026”.

SEC. 1702. STRENGTHENING AUTHORITIES AND PROCESSES OF

COMMITTEE ON FOREIGN INVESTMENT IN THE UNITED

STATES.

(a) Revision of Term “Urbanized Areas”.—Section

721(a)(4)(C)(i)(II) of the Defense Production Act of 1950 (50

U.S.C. 4565(a)(4)(C)(i)(II)) is amended by striking “real

estate in `urbanized areas' ” and inserting “real estate in

an `urban area' or any equivalent term or terms”.

(b) Amendment to the Definition of “Critical

Technologies”.—Section 721(a)(6)(A) of the Defense

Production Act of 1950 (50 U.S.C. 4565(a)(6)(A) is amended by

adding at the end the following:

“(vii) Other technologies designated by the chairperson,

in consultation with the Director of the Office of Science

and Technology Policy and other members of the Committee,

from the areas identified on the Critical and Emerging

Technologies List published by the National Science and

Technology Council.”.

721(b)(1)(C)(v)(II) of the Defense Production Act of 1950 (50

U.S.C. 4565(b)(1)(C)(v)(II)) is amended by striking “that

would not generally exceed 5 pages in length”.

(d) Alignment of Timing of Committee Action With Respect to

Declarations and Notices.—Section 721(b)(1)(C)(v)(III)(bb)

of the Defense Production Act of 1950 (50 U.S.C.

4565(b)(1)(C)(v)(III)(bb)) is amended by striking

“receiving” and inserting “accepting”.

(e) Authorization to Require Mandatory Declarations for

Critical Infrastructure Transactions.—Section

721(b)(1)(C)(v)(IV)(cc) of the Defense Production Act of 1950

(50 U.S.C. 4565(b)(1)(C)(v)(IV)(cc)) is amended by striking

“subsection (a)(4)(B)(iii)(II)” and inserting “subclause

(I) or (II) of subsection (a)(4)(B)(iii)”.

(f) Stipulations Regarding Non-notified or Non-declared

Transactions.—Section 721(b)(1)(C)(vi)(I) of the Defense

Production Act of 1950 (50 U.S.C. 4565(b)(1)(C)(vi)(I)) is

amended, in the matter preceding item (aa), by inserting “,

or in connection with a non-notified or non-declared

transaction identified under subparagraph (H)” after “with

respect to a transaction”.

(g) Determination Regarding Investigations for Foreign

Government-controlled Transactions.—Section 721(b)(2)(D)(ii)

of the Defense Production Act of 1950 (50 U.S.C.

4565(b)(2)(D)(ii)) is amended by striking “to any person”

and all that follows and inserting “below the level of the

Assistant Secretary of the Treasury or an equivalent official

of the lead agency, respectively.”.

(h) Modification of Tolling of Deadlines During a Lapse in

Appropriations.—Section 721(b) of the Defense Production Act

of 1950 (50 U.S.C. 4565(b)) is amended by striking paragraph

(8) and inserting the following:

“(8) Tolling of deadlines during lapse in

appropriations.—Any deadline or time limitation imposed on

the Committee or to which the Committee is subject under this

section, regulations implementing this section, or any

agreement or condition entered into or imposed under this

section, shall be tolled during a lapse in appropriations.”.

(i) Revision of Confidentiality Requirements to Enhance

Cooperation on National Security With Allies and Partners of

the United States and Authorize Disclosure of Enforcement

Information.—Section 721(c) of the Defense Production Act of

1950 (50 U.S.C. 4565(c)) is amended—

(1) in paragraph (2)—

(A) in subparagraph (A), by inserting “domestic or

foreign” before “administrative”;

(B) in subparagraph (C), by striking “, or to any foreign

governmental entity of a United States ally or partner,” ;

and

(D) by inserting after subparagraph (C), the following:

“(D) Information important to the national security

analysis or actions of the Committee or any foreign

governmental entity of a United States ally or partner, to

such ally or partner, under the exclusive direction and

authorization of the chairperson, only to the extent

necessary for national security purposes, and subject to

appropriate confidentiality and classification

requirements.”; and

(E) by inserting after subparagraph (E) the following:

“(F) Information describing the outcome of a concluded

enforcement action (including any final or settled penalty)

under this section, including the identity of any party to,

and a description of the circumstances that resulted in, such

action, when disclosed by the chairperson.”; and

(2) in paragraph (3)(A), by striking “paragraph (2)(C)”

and inserting “paragraph (2)(D)”.

(j) Clarification of Authority to Prohibit Real Estate

Transactions.—Section 721(d)(4)(A) of the Defense Production

Act of 1950 (50 U.S.C. 4565(d)(4)(A)) is amended by inserting

“or obtain an interest in real estate in the United States”

after “a United States business or its assets”.

(k) Technical Corrections.—Section 721 of the Defense

Production Act of 1950 (50 U.S.C. 4565) is amended—

(1) in subsection (b)(1)(C)(v)(IV)(gg), by striking

“subsection (h)(3)” and inserting “subsection (h)(2)”;

and

(2) in subsection (l)(6)(D), by striking “subsection

(h)(3)” and inserting “subsection (h)(2)”.

(l) Interim Measures for Proposed, Pending, or Completed

Covered Transactions.—Section 721(l)(3)(A)(iii) of the

Defense Production Act of 1950 (50 U.S.C. 4565(l)(3)(A)(iii))

is amended—

(1) in the clause heading, by striking “Agreements and

conditions relating to completed transactions” and inserting

“Interim measures”; and

(2) by striking “completed covered transaction” and

inserting “proposed, pending, or completed covered

transaction”.

(m) Appropriations for Committee.—Section 721(p)(2) of the

Defense Production Act of 1950 (50 U.S.C. 4565(p)(2)) is

amended by striking “through 2023” and inserting “through

2030”.

SEC. 1703. KNOWN INVESTOR PROGRAM.

(a) In General.—Section 721 of the Defense Production Act

of 1950 ( 50 U.S.C. 4565) is amended by adding at the end the

following:

“(r) Known Investor Program.—

“(1) In general.—The chairperson may establish a program,

to be known as the `Known Investor Program', under which—

“(A) a foreign person may voluntarily provide information

to the Committee in advance of filing a notice under clause

(i) of subsection (b)(1)(C) or a declaration under clause (v)

of that subsection with respect to a transaction; and

“(B) the Committee may, for foreign persons that have

provided information under subparagraph (A)—

“(i) limit the applicability of the requirement to submit

a mandatory declaration under subsection (b)(1)(C)(v)(IV);

and

“(ii) increase efficiencies in the process of submitting

notices and declarations.

“(2) Implementation authorities.—In carrying out the

Known Investor Program, the chairperson may—

“(A) identify the information required for the Committee

to consider a foreign person under the Known Investor

Program;

“(B) require certification and assurance for the

information provided in advance of filing a notice or

declaration, consistent with subsection (n);

“(C) allocate personnel and resources to support the Known

Investor Program; and

“(D) make such adjustments to the requirements or process

for filing notices and declarations as the chairperson

considers appropriate.

“(3) Fees.—

“(A) In general.—The Committee may assess and collect,

from each foreign person considered under the Known Investor

Program, a fee to be deposited into the Committee on Foreign

Investment in the United States Fund established under

subsection (p).

“(B) Terms and conditions.—A fee assessed and collected

under subparagraph (A) shall be subject to the same terms and

conditions as a fee assessed and collected under subsection

(p)(3).

“(4) Cooperation of other agencies.—Upon request from the

chairperson, the head of a Federal agency shall provide

support and cooperation to the chairperson to carry out the

Known Investor Program.”.

(b) Regulations.—The Committee on Foreign Investment in

the United States shall prescribe such regulations as are

necessary to implement the Known Investor Program under

subsection (r) of section 721 of the Defense Production Act

of 1950, as added by subsection (a), including regulations—

(1) providing for the application of the requirements of

subsection (c) of such section 721 with respect to

information provided to the Committee under the Program; and

(2) expressly providing for the application of section 1001

of title 18, United States Code, to all information provided

to the Committee under the Program, in accordance with

subsection (n)(3) of such section 721.

SEC. 1704. PILOT PROGRAM TO COLLECT INFORMATION ON GREENFIELD

INVESTMENTS BY FOREIGN PERSONS IN STRATEGIC

SECTORS.

(a) In General.—The Secretary shall establish a pilot

program to require the submission to the Committee on Foreign

Investment in the United States of a short-form written

notification of any greenfield investment in the United

States by a foreign person in a strategic sector for the

purpose of collecting information on such investment.

(b) Duration of Pilot Program.—The pilot program required

by subsection (a) shall terminate on the date that is 2 years

after the date of the enactment of this Act.

Transactions.—In the case of a greenfield investment that is

not a covered transaction and with respect to which a

notification is submitted under the pilot program required by

subsection (a), the Committee—

(1) shall not review the investment under section 721(b) of

the Defense Production Act of 1950 (50 U.S.C. 4565(b)) as if

it were a covered transaction; and

(2) shall use the notification only to collect information

on greenfield investment in the United States.

(d) Exemption From Disclosure.—Except as provided in

regulations prescribed under subsection (e), any information

or documentary material filed with the Secretary or a

designee of the Secretary under the pilot program required by

subsection (a) shall be exempt from disclosure under section

552(b)(3) of title 5, United States Code, and no such

information or documentary material may be made public.

(e) Regulations.—In establishing the pilot program

required by subsection (a), the Secretary, in consultation

with the Committee, shall prescribe regulations in accordance

with section 553 of title 5, United States Code, that—

(1) establish the scope of the pilot program;

(2) define relevant terms, including “greenfield

investment”, and add sectors to the definition of

“strategic sector”, as the Secretary considers appropriate;

(3) identify the information required to be included in a

notification submitted under the pilot program;

(4) include a process by which the Committee may identify a

greenfield investment in the United States by a foreign

person in a strategic sector for which a notification is not

submitted; and

(5) provide for the imposition of civil penalties for any

violation of the requirement to submit notifications under

the pilot program.

(f) Report to Congress.—

(1) In general.—After the termination under subsection (b)

of the pilot program required by subsection (a), the

Secretary, in consultation with the Committee, shall submit

to the members of Congress specified in section

721(b)(3)(C)(iii) of the Defense Production Act of 1950 (50

U.S.C. 4565(b)(3)(C)(iii)) a report that includes—

(A) an assessment of the information on greenfield

investment in the United States by foreign persons in

strategic sectors collected under the pilot program; and

(B) an analysis of—

(i) the extent to which existing authorities address the

national security risks, if any, that could arise from

greenfield investment described in subparagraph (A); and

(ii) whether the establishment or expansion of other

Federal programs should be undertaken to address any such

risks.

(2) Form.—The report required by paragraph (1) shall be

submitted in unclassified form, but may include a classified

annex.

(g) Rule of Construction.—Nothing in this section may be

construed to impair or otherwise affect the authority of the

President to pursue any authorization, process, regulation,

investigation, prohibition, enforcement measure, or review

provided by or established under any other provision of

Federal law, including the International Emergency Economic

Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.), section 721 of the

Defense Production Act of 1950 (50 U.S.C. 4565), or any other

authority of the President or Congress under the Constitution

of the United States, to protect the national security of the

United States.

(h) Definitions.—In this section:

(1) Covered transaction.—The term “covered transaction”

has the meaning given that term in section 721(a) of the

Defense Production Act of 1950 (50 U.S.C. 4565(a)).

(2) Greenfield investment.—The term “greenfield

investment” has the meaning given that term in regulations

prescribed under subsection (f).

(3) Secretary.—The term “Secretary” means the Secretary

of the Treasury, as the chairperson of the Committee on

Foreign Investment in the United States.

(4) Strategic sector.—The term “strategic sector”

means—

(A) the technology, critical infrastructure, healthcare,

agriculture, energy, and raw materials sectors; and

(B) such other sectors as are determined to be strategic in

regulations prescribed under subsection (e).

SA 5881. Mr. McCORMICK submitted an amendment intended to be proposed by him to the bill S. 4784, to authorize appropriations for fiscal year 2027 for military activities of the Department of Defense, for military construction,

and for defense activities of the Department of Energy, to prescribe

military personnel strengths for such fiscal year, and for other purposes; which was ordered to lie on the table; as follows:

At the end of subtitle G of title X, add the following:

SEC. 1. SECRETARY OF DEFENSE CONSULTATION REGARDING

PREDICTION MARKETS.

Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this

Act, the Secretary of Defense shall consult with the

Commodity Futures Trading Commission regarding the proposed

rule submitted of the Commission entitled “Prediction

Markets; Public Interest Determinations” (91 Fed. Reg. 35806

(June 12, 2026)), or a subsequent final rulemaking, in

relation to the following factors:

(1) The factors to define war, terrorism, and

assassination.

(2) The factors in determining whether event contracts

involve war, terrorism, or assassination.

(3) The factors that raise public interest concerns.

SA 5882. Mr. PADILLA submitted an amendment intended to be proposed by him to the bill S. 4784, to authorize appropriations for fiscal year 2027 for military activities of the Department of Defense, for military construction, and for defense activities of the Department of Energy, to prescribe military personnel strengths for such fiscal year, and for other purposes; which was ordered to lie on the table; as follows:

At the appropriate place, insert the following:

SEC. __. AGENT MEMBERSHIP.

Section 304(b)(2) of the Federal Credit Union Act (12

U.S.C. 1795c(b)(2)) is amended by striking “all those credit

unions” and inserting “any such credit unions”.

SA 5883. Mrs. FISCHER submitted an amendment intended to be proposed by her to the bill S. 4784, to authorize appropriations for fiscal year 2027 for military activities of the Department of Defense, for military construction, and for defense activities of the Department of Energy, to prescribe military personnel strengths for such fiscal year, and for other purposes; which was ordered to lie on the table; as follows:

At the appropriate place, insert the following:

SEC. . PROHIBITION ON GRANT OF CERTAIN SATELLITE LICENSES,

UNITED STATES MARKET ACCESS, OR EARTH STATION

AUTHORIZATIONS.

(a) In General.—The Secure and Trusted Communications

Networks Act of 2019 (47 U.S.C. 1601 et seq.) is amended—

(1) by redesignating sections 10 and 11 as sections 11 and

12, respectively; and

(2) by inserting after section 9 the following:

“SEC. 10. PROHIBITION ON GRANT OF CERTAIN SATELLITE

LICENSES, UNITED STATES MARKET ACCESS, OR EARTH

STATION AUTHORIZATIONS.

“(a) Definitions.—In this section:

“(1) Affiliate.—

“(A) In general.—The term `affiliate' means an entity

that (directly or indirectly) owns or controls, is owned or

controlled by, or is under common ownership or control with,

another entity.

“(B) Own.—For purposes of this paragraph, the term `own'

means to have, possess, or otherwise control an equity

interest (or the equivalent thereof) of not less than 10

percent.

“(2) Blanket-licensed earth station.—The term `blanket-

licensed earth station' means an earth station that is

licensed with a geostationary orbit satellite system or a

nongeostationary orbit satellite system.

“(3) Gateway station.—The term `gateway station' means an

earth station or a group of earth stations that—

“(A) supports the routing and switching functions of a

geostationary orbit satellite system or a nongeostationary

orbit satellite system;

“(B) may also be used for telemetry, tracking, and command

transmissions;

“(C) does not originate or terminate communication

traffic; and

“(D) is not for the exclusive use of any customer.

“(4) Individually licensed earth station.—The term

`individually licensed earth station' means—

“(A) an earth station (other than a blanket-licensed earth

station) that sends a signal to, and receives a signal from,

a geostationary orbit satellite system or a nongeostationary

orbit satellite system; or

“(B) a gateway station.

“(b) Prohibition.—The Commission may not grant a license

for, or a petition for a declaratory ruling to access the

United States market using, a geostationary orbit satellite

system or a nongeostationary orbit satellite system, or an

authorization to use an individually licensed earth station

or a blanket-licensed earth station, if the license, grant of

market access, or authorization would be held or controlled

by—

“(1) an entity identified on the list published by the

Commission under section 2(a); or

“(2) an affiliate of an entity described in paragraph (1).

“(c) Further Consideration for Secured Networks.—

“(1) In general.—The Commission may issue a report

assessing supply chain security risks associated with any

earth station licensee, geostationary orbit satellite system

licensee, nongeostationary orbit satellite system licensee,

or entity granted a declaratory ruling to access the United

States market using a geostationary orbit satellite system or

nongeostationary orbit satellite system, or an affiliate of

such a licensee or entity, that provides communications

equipment designed, developed, manufactured, or assembled by

an entity identified on the list published by the Commission

under section 2(a).

“(2) Rule of construction.—Nothing in paragraph (1) shall

be construed to expand or contract the authority of the

Commission.”.

(b) Applicability.—Section 10 of the Secure and Trusted

Communications Networks Act of 2019, as added by subsection

(a), shall apply with respect to the grant of a license,

petition, or authorization on or after the date of enactment

of this Act.

enactment of this Act, the Federal Communications Commission

shall issue rules to implement section 10 of the Secure and

Trusted Communications Networks Act of 2019, as added by

subsection (a).

SA 5884. Mrs. FISCHER submitted an amendment intended to be proposed by her to the bill S. 4784, to authorize appropriations for fiscal year 2027 for military activities of the Department of Defense, for military construction, and for defense activities of the Department of Energy, to prescribe military personnel strengths for such fiscal year, and for other purposes; which was ordered to lie on the table; as follows:

At the appropriate place, insert the following:

SEC. . LIST OF ENTITIES HOLDING FCC AUTHORIZATIONS,

LICENSES, OR OTHER GRANTS OF AUTHORITY AND

HAVING CERTAIN FOREIGN OWNERSHIP.

(a) Definitions.—In this section:

(1) Appropriate national security agency.—The term

“appropriate national security agency” has the meaning

given such term in section 9 of the Secure and Trusted

Communications Networks Act of 2019 (47 U.S.C. 1608).

(2) Commission.—The term “Commission” means the Federal

Communications Commission.

(3) Covered country.—The term “covered country” means a

country specified in section 4872(f)(2) of title 10, United

States Code.

(4) Covered entity.—The term “covered entity” means—

(A) the government of a covered country;

(B) an entity organized under the laws of a covered

country; and

(B), regardless of whether the subsidiary is organized under

the laws of a covered country.

(b) Publication of List.—Not later than 120 days after the

date of the enactment of this Act, the Commission shall

publish on the internet website of the Commission a list of

each entity—

(1) that holds a license issued by the Commission pursuant

to—

(A) section 309(j) of the Communications Act of 1934 (47

U.S.C. 309(j)); or

(B) the Act of May 27, 1921 (47 U.S.C. 34 et seq.; commonly

known as the “Cable Landing Licensing Act”) and Executive

Order 10530 (3 U.S.C. 301 note; relating to the performance

of certain functions vested in or subject to the approval of

the President); and

(2) with respect to which—

(A) a covered entity holds an equity or voting interest

that is required to be reported to the Commission under the

ownership rules of the Commission; or

(B) an appropriate national security agency has determined

that a covered entity exerts control, regardless of whether

such covered entity holds an equity or voting interest as

described in subparagraph (A).

(1) In general.—Not later than 18 months after the date of

the enactment of this Act, the Commission shall issue rules

to obtain information to identify each entity—

(A) that holds any authorization, license, or other grant

of authority issued by the Commission (other than a license

described in subsection (b)(1)); and

(B) with respect to which a covered entity holds an equity

or voting interest that is required to be reported to the

Commission under the ownership rules of the Commission.

(2) Placement on list.—Not later than 1 year after the

Commission issues the rules required by paragraph (1), the

Commission shall place each entity described in such

paragraph on the list published under subsection (b).

(d) Paperwork Reduction Act Exemption.—A collection of

information conducted or sponsored by the Commission to

implement this section does not constitute a collection of

information for the purposes of subchapter I of chapter 35 of

title 44, United States Code (commonly referred to as the

“Paperwork Reduction Act”).

(e) Annual Updates.—The Commission shall, not less

frequently than annually, update the list published under

subsection (b),

including with respect to any entity required to be placed on

such list by subsection (c)(2).

SA 5885. Mr. YOUNG submitted an amendment intended to be proposed by him to the bill S. 4784, to authorize appropriations for fiscal year 2027 for military activities of the Department of Defense, for military construction, and for defense activities of the Department of Energy, to prescribe military personnel strengths for such fiscal year, and for other purposes; which was ordered to lie on the table; as follows:

At the appropriate place in title II, insert the following:

SEC. . PILOT PROGRAM ON USE OF SUBSCRIPTION-BASED FUNDING

MODEL AT MAJOR RANGE AND TEST FACILITY BASE.

(a) In General.—Not later than 270 days after the date of

the enactment of this Act, the Under Secretary of Defense for

Research and Engineering shall, acting through the Director

of the Test Resource Management Center, commence carrying out

a pilot program to determine the feasibility, effectiveness,

and operational impacts of implementing a subscription-based

funding model for test and evaluation facilities.

(b) Requirements.—The pilot program required by subsection

(a) shall—

(1) be conducted during the two-year period beginning on

the date of the commencement of the pilot program;

(2) include not fewer than two cyber-physical test and

training ranges designated by the Director of the Test

Resource Management Center;

(3) include at least one cyber-physical test and training

range operated by, or under the authority of, the National

Guard of a State;

(4) provide for participation by military departments,

defense agencies, combat support agencies, federally funded

research and development centers, and such other Department

of Defense entities as the Director considers appropriate;

and

(5) evaluate the applicability of subscription-based

funding to cyber, cyber-physical, electronic warfare,

modeling and simulation, and integrated test environments

associated with the participating ranges.

pilot program required by subsection (a), the Under Secretary

shall establish a funding structure under which participating

organizations pay recurring subscription fees in exchange for

access to specified range capabilities, infrastructure,

services, test environments, cybersecurity resources, data

management capabilities, and related support functions, in

lieu of or in combination with traditional reimbursable or

direct-user funding mechanisms.

(d) Elements.—In carrying out the pilot program required

by subsection (a), the Under Secretary shall—

(1) establish subscription tiers or other recurring funding

arrangements designed to support baseline operational,

sustainment, modernization, and cybersecurity costs of

participating ranges;

(2) assess the extent to which a subscription-based model

improves funding predictability, resource utilization,

infrastructure availability, and mission readiness;

(3) evaluate impacts on range scheduling, access,

interoperability, and support for developmental testing,

operational testing, training, experimentation, and rapid

prototyping activities;

(4) identify authority constraints or other challenges

associated with broader implementation of such a model;

(5) measure effects on cost recovery, user demand, and

long-term sustainment of cyber-physical range capabilities;

and

(6) develop recommendations regarding whether and how a

subscription-based funding model could be expanded to

additional test and evaluation facilities.

(e) Selection of Participating Ranges.—In selecting ranges

for participation in the pilot program required by subsection

(a), the Under Secretary shall prioritize cyber-physical

ranges that—

(1) support joint testing, training, or experimentation

activities;

(2) integrate operational technology, cyber,

communications, electronic warfare, or weapon-system testing

capabilities; and

(3) can provide representative data regarding the

scalability of subscription-based funding approaches across

test and evaluation facilities.

(f) Report.—Not later than 270 days after the date of the

enactment of this Act, the Under Secretary shall submit to

the Committee on Armed Services of the Senate and the

Committee on Armed Services of the House of Representatives a

report describing the following:

(1) The actions taken under subsection (a).

(2) The status of implementation of integration required by

such subsection.

(3) Any exceptions to full integration under subsection

(b)(2).

(4) The reasons for the exceptions described in paragraph

(3).

(g) Briefing.—Not later than 30 days after the date on

which the Under Secretary submits the report required by

subsection (f), the Under Secretary shall provide the

Committee on Armed Services of the Senate and the Committee

on Armed Services of the House of Representatives a briefing

on the matters covered by the report.

SA 5886. Mr. McCORMICK (for himself, Mr. Ricketts, and Mrs. Shaheen) submitted an amendment intended to be proposed by him to the bill S. 4784, to authorize appropriations for fiscal year 2027 for military activities of the Department of Defense, for military construction, and for defense activities of the Department of Energy, to prescribe military personnel strengths for such fiscal year, and for other purposes; which was ordered to lie on the table; as follows:

At the appropriate place, insert the following:

SEC. . NITAZINE CONTROL ACT.

(a) Short Title.—This section may be cited as the

“Nitazene Control Act”.

(b) Findings.—Congress finds the following:

(1) 2-Benzylbenzimidazole opioids are a class of synthetic

opioids first synthesized in the 1950s that exhibit

significant potency at the mu-opioid receptor, with some

substances exceeding the potency of fentanyl.

(2) The Drug Enforcement Administration has temporarily or

permanently scheduled multiple 2-benzylbenzimidazole opioids

compounds under schedule I of section 202(c) of the

Controlled Substances Act (21 U.S.C. 812(c)) due to their

high abuse potential and lack of accepted medical use.

(3) Nitazenes and related compounds have emerged in the

illicit drug supply as designer drugs and contribute to

overdose and fatal poisonings in the United States.

(4) A class-wide permanent scheduling of 2-

benzylbenzimidazole opioids is necessary to preemptively

address the proliferation of new analogs, streamline

enforcement, and protect public health.

(5) The HALT Fentanyl Act (28 U.S.C. 801 note; Public Law

119-26) created pathways for research using schedule I

controlled substances that apply to scheduled nitazenes.

(1) Amendment.—Schedule I of section 202(c) of the

Controlled Substances Act (21 U.S.C. 812(c)) is amended by

adding at the end the following:

“(f)(1) Unless specifically exempted or unless listed in

another schedule, any material, compound, mixture, or

preparation which contains any quantity of a 2-

benzylbenzimidazole opioid, or which contains the salts,

isomers, and salts of isomers of a 2-benzylbenzimidazole

opioid.

“(2) For purposes of paragraph (1), the term `2-

benzylbenzimidazole opioid' includes the following:

“(A) A substance that is structurally related to 2-

benzylbenzimidazole with the following modifications:

“(i) At the 1-position, substitution with an alkyl linker

connected to a substituted amine group containing hydrogen,

alkyl, alkenyl, or heteroaryl group, such as a morphilino,

pyrrolidino, or piperidinyl groups, whether or not further

substituted.

“(ii) At the 2-position—

“(I) replacement of the alkyl portion of the benzyl group

with a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, alkoxy, carbamates

group, nitrogen, sulfur, or oxygen atom; or

“(II) replacement of the phenyl portion of the benzyl

group with an aryl or heteroaryl group.

“(iii) Substitution on the phenyl portion of the

benzimidazole ring with a hydrogen atom, halogen, nitro,

cyano, substituted or unsubstituted amide, amine, alkyl,

alkoxy, aryl, or heteroaryl group.

“(iv) At the 6-position, substitution with hydrogen,

nitro, trifluoromethyl, methoxy, trifluoromethoxy, cyano, and

halogen groups.

“(B) A substance that exhibits agonist activity at the mu-

opioid receptor.

“(C) Etonitazene, clonitazene, metonitazene,

isotonitazene, protonitazene, butonitazene, etodesnitazene,

flunitazene, N-pyrrolidino etonitazene, N-desethyl

isotonitazene, and N-piperidinyl etonitazene.”.

(2) Removal of temporary status.—Any substance included in

the amendment made by paragraph (1) that was temporarily

scheduled under section 201(h) of the Controlled Substances

Act (21 U.S.C. 811(h)) shall be deemed permanently scheduled

and subject to the requirements of schedule I of section

202(c) of that Act (21 U.S.C. 812(c)) as of the date of

enactment of this Act.

(3) Rule of construction.—Nothing in this subsection shall

be construed to authorize the initiation of new research

using 2-benzylbenzimidazole opioids, as defined in subsection

(f) of schedule I of section 202(c) of the Controlled

Substances Act (21 U.S.C. 812(c)), as added by paragraph (1)

of this section, without proper registration and scheduling

compliance.

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and for defense activities of the Department of Energy, to prescribe

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