Text of Senate Amendment 5861

Quick facts

Record: Senate Floor
Section type: Amendments
Chamber: Senate
Date: June 18, 2026
Congress: 119th Congress
Why this source matters: This section came from the Senate floor portion of the record.

Linked context

People mentioned: Young, Todd
Committees: Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation, Committee on Energy and Natural Resources, Committee on Science, Space, and Technology

Readable version of the official text

SA 5861. Mr. YOUNG submitted an amendment intended to be proposed by him to the bill S. 4784, to authorize appropriations for fiscal year 2027 for military activities of the Department of Defense, for military construction, and for defense activities of the Department of Energy, to prescribe military personnel strengths for such fiscal year, and for other purposes; which was ordered to lie on the table; as follows:

At the appropriate place in title XVI, insert the

following:

Subtitle —National Quantum Initiative Reauthorization Act of 2026

SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

This subtitle may be cited as the “National Quantum

Initiative Reauthorization Act of 2026”.

SEC. 2. DEFINITIONS.

Section 2 of the National Quantum Initiative Act (15 U.S.C.

8801) is amended—

(1) by redesignating paragraphs (4), (5), (6), (7), the

first paragraph (8) (relating to the definition of the

“Subcommittee on Economic and Security Implications”), and

the second paragraph (8) (relating to the definition of the

“Subcommittee on Quantum Information Science”) as

paragraphs (7), (9), (12), (13), (18), and (19),

respectively;

(2) by inserting after paragraph (3) the following:

“(4) Federal laboratory.—The term `Federal laboratory'

has the meaning given such term in section 4 of the

Stevenson-Wydler Technology Innovation Act of 1980 (15 U.S.C.

3703).

“(5) Foreign country of concern.—The term `foreign

country of concern' means—

“(A) a country that is a covered nation (as such term is

defined in section 4872(f) of title 10, United States Code);

and

“(B) any country that the Secretary of Commerce, in

consultation with the Secretary of Defense, the Secretary of

State, and the Director of National Intelligence, determines

to be engaged in conduct that is detrimental to the national

security or foreign policy of the United States.

“(6) Foreign entity of concern.—The term `foreign entity

of concern' means a foreign entity that is—

“(A) designated as a foreign terrorist organization by the

Secretary of State under section 219(a) of the Immigration

and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1189(a));

“(B) included on the list of specially designated

nationals and blocked persons maintained by the Office of

Foreign Assets Control of the Department of the Treasury

(commonly known as the `SDN list');

“(C) owned by, controlled by, or subject to the

jurisdiction or direction of a government of a foreign

country that is a covered nation (as such term is defined in

section 4872(f) of title 10, United States Code);

“(D) alleged by the Attorney General to have been involved

in activities for which a conviction was obtained under—

“(i) chapter 37 of title 18, United States Code (commonly

known as the `Espionage Act');

“(ii) section 951 or 1030 of title 18, United States Code;

“(iii) chapter 90 of title 18, United States Code

(commonly known as the `Economic Espionage Act of 1996');

“(iv) the Arms Export Control Act (22 U.S.C. 2751 et

seq.);

“(v) section 224, 225, 226, 227, or 236 of the Atomic

Energy Act of 1954 (42 U.S.C. 2274, 2275, 2276, 2277, and

2284);

“(vi) the Export Control Reform Act of 2018 (50 U.S.C.

4801 et seq.); or

“(vii) the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (50

U.S.C. 1701 et seq.); or

“(E) determined by the Secretary of Commerce, in

consultation with the Secretary of Defense and the Director

of National Intelligence, to be engaged in unauthorized

conduct that is detrimental to the national security or

foreign policy of the United States.”;

(3) in paragraph (7), as so redesignated, by striking

“(a)” each place it appears;

(4) by inserting after paragraph (7), as so redesignated,

the following new paragraph:

“(8) National laboratory.—The term `National Laboratory'

has the meaning given such term in section 2 of the Energy

Policy Act of 2005 (42 U.S.C. 15801).”;

(5) by inserting after paragraph (9), as so redesignated,

the following:

“(10) Quantum applications.—The term `quantum

applications' means uses of quantum information science,

engineering, and technology, including quantum algorithms and

software, quantum computing and quantum-classical hybrids,

quantum sensing, quantum networking, quantum encryption,

quantum simulation, or quantum communications applications.

“(11) Quantum computing.—The term `quantum computing'

means any of a variety of quantum computing technologies,

including quantum annealing and quantum gate-model systems

that utilize a variety of architectures, such as

superconductors, ion traps, photonics, neutral atoms, atomic

spin, electron spin, or topological qubits.”;

(6) by amending paragraph (12), as so redesignated, to read

as follows:

“(12) Quantum information science, engineering, and

technology.—The term `quantum information science,

engineering, and technology' means the understanding,

translation, use, or application of the laws of quantum

physics for the storage, transmission, manipulation,

computing, simulation, or measurement of information.”; and

(7) by inserting after paragraph (13), as so redesignated,

the following:

“(14) Quantum networking.—The term `quantum networking'

means the transmission of quantum information and the

distribution and use of entanglement across nodes to enable

new information technology applications and fundamental

science.

“(15) Quantum sensing.—The term `quantum sensing'—

“(A) means the use of quantum mechanics to enhance or

enable new sensors; and

“(B) can include uses of superposition and entanglement,

nonclassical states, and advances in accuracy and precision

enabled by quantum control.

“(16) STEM.—The term `STEM' means the academic and

professional disciplines of science, technology, engineering,

and mathematics, including computer science.

“(17) Supply chain shock.—The term `supply chain shock'—

“(A) means an event causing severe or serious disruption

to normal operations or capacity in a supply chain; and

“(B) includes—

“(i) a natural disaster;

“(ii) a pandemic;

“(iii) a biological threat;

“(iv) a cyber attack;

“(v) a geopolitical conflict;

“(vi) a terrorist or geopolitical attack;

“(vii) a trade disruption caused by—

“(I) a foreign country of concern; or

“(II) an entity or an individual subject to the

jurisdiction of such a country; and

“(viii) an event for which the President declares a major

disaster or an emergency under section 401 or 501,

respectively, of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and

Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5170; 42 U.S.C. 5191).”.

SEC. 3. PURPOSES.

Section 3 of the National Quantum Initiative Act (15 U.S.C.

8802) is amended—

(1) in paragraph (1)—

(A) by amending subparagraph (A) to read as follows:

“(A) to expand the number of researchers, educators, and

students with training in quantum information science,

engineering, and technology to develop a domestic workforce

pipeline and retain international talent to the extent

consistent with national security and international

competitiveness;”;

(B) in subparagraph (B), by striking “science at the” and

inserting “science, engineering, and technology at the”;

(i) by striking “science and technology” and inserting

“science, engineering, and technology”; and

(ii) by striking “and” after the semicolon; and

(D) by adding at the end the following:

“(F) to facilitate development of quantum applications,

including quantum-hybrid applications, to promote innovation;

and

“(G) to support advancements in emerging technologies that

could benefit from or benefit the development of quantum

technology and promote research, development, demonstration,

and application of such emerging technologies in quantum

information science, engineering, and technology and

scientific discovery.”;

(2) in paragraph (2), by striking “science and

technology” and inserting “science, engineering, and

technology”;

(3) in paragraph (3), by striking “science and

technology” and inserting “science, engineering, and

technology”;

(4) in paragraph (4)—

(A) by inserting “National Laboratories,” after “Federal

laboratories,”; and

(B) by striking “and” after the semicolon;

(5) in paragraph (5)—

(A) in the matter preceding subparagraph (A)—

(i) by inserting “partnerships, research collaborations,

and” after “international”; and

(ii) by striking “science and technology security” and

inserting “science, engineering, and technology”;

(B) in subparagraph (A), by striking “and” after the

semicolon;

and inserting a semicolon; and

(D) by adding at the end the following:

“(C) to facilitate cooperation in the advancement of

quantum capabilities among the United States and its

strategic allies and partners to strengthen and secure the

quantum-relevant supply chain and related ecosystem; and

“(D) to coordinate on potential export or strategic trade

controls where appropriate; and”; and

(6) by adding at the end the following:

“(6) improving the maturity and scale of the quantum

industry.”.

SEC. 4. NATIONAL QUANTUM INITIATIVE PROGRAM.

Subsection (b) of section 101 of the National Quantum

Initiative Act (15 U.S.C. 8811) is amended—

(1) in paragraph (1)—

(A) by striking “development” and inserting “research,

development, and near-, medium-, and long-term

demonstration”; and

(B) by striking “information science and technology”;

(2) in paragraph (2)—

(A) by striking “science and technology” and inserting

“science, engineering, and technology”; and

(B) by inserting “infrastructure,” after

“demonstration,”;

(3) in paragraph (3)—

(A) by inserting “and retain” after “to develop”; and

(B) by striking “science and technology” and inserting

“science, engineering, and technology”;

(4) by amending paragraph (4) to read as follows:

“(4) provide for interagency planning and coordination of

Federal quantum information science, engineering, and

technology research, development, demonstration, standards

engagement, and other activities under the Program, including

activities authorized pursuant to section 234 of the John S.

McCain National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year

2019 (Public Law 115-232; 10 U.S.C. 4001 note), quantum

educational activities and programs authorized pursuant to

section 10661 of the Research and Development, Competition,

and Innovation Act (42 U.S.C. 19261), and activities

conducted at any Federal laboratory or National

Laboratory;”; and

(5) in paragraph (5)—

(A) by striking “industry and universities” and inserting

“industry, universities, and strategic allies and

partners”; and

(B) by inserting “, including human resources” after

“resources”.

SEC. 5. NATIONAL QUANTUM COORDINATION OFFICE.

Section 102 of the National Quantum Initiative Act (15

U.S.C. 8812) is amended—

(1) in subsection (a)(2)—

(A) in subparagraph (A), by inserting “who shall be”

before “appointed”; and

(B) by amending subparagraph (B) to read as follows:

“(B) staff comprising employees detailed from the Federal

departments and agencies specified in section 103(b).”; and

(2) in subsection (b)—

(A) in paragraph (3), by striking “science and

technology” and inserting “science, engineering, and

technology research, development, workforce, and

international”;

(B) by amending paragraph (4) to read as follows:

“(4) ensure coordination among the collaborative ventures

or consortia established under this Act, including under

section 201(a), the Multidisciplinary Centers for Quantum

Research and Education established under section 302(a), the

National Quantum Information Science Research Centers

established under section 402(a), and the Quantum Economic

Development Consortium;”;

semicolon;

(D) in paragraph (7)—

(i) by inserting “nonprofit research organizations,”

after “universities,”; and

(ii) by striking the period at the end and inserting a

semicolon; and

(E) by adding after paragraph (7) the following:

“(8) promote understanding and adoption of viable quantum

capabilities that strengthen the United States economy, as

may be appropriate;

“(9) track, monitor, and promote policies that will ensure

the stability of the United States quantum workforce, quantum

supply chain, domestic quantum industry, and international

trade; and

“(10) ensure coordination and avoid unnecessary

duplication of existing quantum-related activities, other

activities carried out under this Act, and other related

programs, as appropriate.”.

SEC. 6. SUBCOMMITTEE ON QUANTUM INFORMATION SCIENCE.

Section 103 of the National Quantum Initiative Act (15

U.S.C. 8813) is amended—

(1) in subsection (d)—

(A) in paragraph (1), by striking “the quantum information

science and technology research,” and inserting “quantum

information science, engineering, and technology research,

quantum application development, and demonstration,”;

(B) in paragraph (4)—

(i) by inserting “, engineering, and technology” after

“science”; and

(ii) by inserting “skillset” before “diversity”;

(i) by inserting “, engineering, and technology” after

“science”; and

(ii) by inserting “and conduct comparative benchmarking of

Federal investments and research strategies relative to those

of strategic allies and partners of the United States and

other countries” after “development efforts”;

(D) in paragraph (6)—

(i) by striking “science and technology” and inserting

“science, engineering, and technology”; and

(ii) by striking “and” after the semicolon;

(E) in paragraph (7)—

(i) by inserting “, engineering, and technology” after

“science”; and

(ii) by striking the period and inserting a semicolon; and

(F) by adding at the end the following:

“(8) facilitate interagency partnership opportunities to

advance quantum applications related to advanced

manufacturing, biotechnology, critical minerals, chemistry,

space, and other sectors; and

“(9) evaluate the competitiveness and capabilities of the

United States in quantum technologies with respect to quantum

computing, sensing, networking, and applications.”;

(2) in subsection (g)(2)—

(A) in paragraph (A), by inserting “numbers” after

“budget”;

(B) in paragraph (B), by inserting “numbers” after

“budget”; and

“(D) Metrics for measuring the impact of the Program for

the current fiscal year, for each Federal department and

agency described in subsection (b).

“(E) Value proposition as a result of each interagency

partnership opportunity.”;

(3) in subsection (h)(2)(A), by inserting “, including a

description of agency roles and responsibilities” before the

period; and

(4) by adding at the end the following new subsection:

“(i) Quantum Use Cases.—

“(1) In general.—The Subcommittee shall identify

potential use cases for quantum technologies that could

advance the missions of Federal departments and agencies

participating in the Program.

“(2) Quantum on-ramp.—For each potential use case

identified pursuant to paragraph (1) for a Federal department

or agency, the head of the Federal department or

agency may, in consultation with the Subcommittee, develop a

plan to enable such department or agency to address the

potential use case.

“(3) Comparison to artificial intelligence technologies.—

For any potential use case identified under paragraph (1) for

a Federal department or agency, the head of the department or

agency may, in consultation with the Subcommittee, consider

the quantum use case's interplay with artificial intelligence

and compare its anticipated costs, functionality, and

benefits.

“(4) Reporting.—The Subcommittee, as part of the annual

report on the budget for the Program under subsection (g),

shall report progress in carrying out the activities under

this subsection, including information relating to the

following:

“(A) The potential use cases identified pursuant to

paragraph (1).

“(B) The status of plans developed pursuant to paragraph

(2).

“(C) Any obstacles to addressing such potential use cases,

including lack of funding.”.

SEC. 7. NATIONAL QUANTUM INITIATIVE ADVISORY COMMITTEE.

Section 104 of the National Quantum Initiative Act (15

U.S.C. 8814) is amended—

(1) by amending subsection (b) to read as follows:

“(b) Qualifications.—The Advisory Committee shall consist

of members, appointed by the President, who—

“(1) are representative of—

“(A) industry; and

“(B) universities and Federal laboratories that are

qualified to provide advice and information on quantum

information science, engineering, and technology research,

development, demonstrations, standards, STEM education and

workforce, technology transfer, economics, and national

security, or research security; and

“(2) may hold doctoral degrees in physical sciences,

mathematics, computer science, engineering, or related

fields.”;

(2) in subsection (d)(2)—

(A) in subparagraph (A), by striking “science and

technology” and inserting “science, engineering, and

technology”;

(B) in subparagraph (D)—

(i) by striking “to” and inserting “promote innovation,

foster a robust United States quantum industry, and”; and

(ii) by striking “science and technology” and inserting

“science, engineering, and technology”;

address any gaps that may exist in basic research,

capabilities, workforce, supply chain, or coordination among

participating Federal agencies” before the semicolon;

(D) in subparagraph (F), by striking “open standards for,

quantum information science and technology; and” and

inserting “international standards in open and transparent

standardization systems for quantum information science,

engineering, and technology;”;

(E) in subparagraph (G)—

(i) by striking “societal,”; and

(ii) by striking the period and inserting a semicolon; and

(F) by adding at the end the following new subparagraphs:

“(H) the domestic and international cooperation needs and

goals of the Program, including those related to

infrastructure and the supply chain of quantum information

science, engineering, and technology; and

“(I) the degree to which quantum information science,

engineering, and technology—

“(i) is enhancing or can enhance—

“(I) the capabilities of the United States advanced

industrial economy; and

“(II) Federal, State, and local government capabilities

and services; and

“(ii) can protect or optimize critical infrastructure (as

such term is defined in section 1016(e) of Public Law 107-56

(42 U.S.C. 5195c(e))).”;

(3) in subsection (e)—

(A) by inserting “through December 31, 2030” after

“thereafter”; and

(B) by adding at the end the following new sentence: “In

the first such report required after the date of the

enactment of the National Quantum Initiative Reauthorization

Act of 2026, the Advisory Committee shall assess the benefits

and opportunities to strengthen quantum communications

corridors in which Federal laboratories, institutions of

higher education, and other entities conducting quantum

information science, engineering, and technology research are

connected via quantum communication networks capable of

securely transmitting information.”;

(4) by redesignating subsections (e) through (g) as

subsections (f) through (h), respectively; and

(5) by inserting after subsection (d) the following:

“(e) Performance and Usefulness Assessment of National

Quantum Initiative Program.—

“(1) Annual evaluation required.—Not less frequently than

once each year, the Advisory Committee shall, in coordination

with the Subcommittee on Quantum Information Science, conduct

an evaluation of the effectiveness, progress, and usefulness

of activities carried out under the Program.

“(2) Elements.—Each evaluation under paragraph (1) shall

assess—

“(A) which Federal programs or activities within the

Program have made measurable progress toward program goals;

“(B) which Federal programs within the Program have

produced tangible scientific, workforce, or commercial

outcomes;

“(C) which programs or activities within the Program have

overlapping missions or duplicative structures;

“(D) resource utilization and return on investment of each

major component of the Program; and

“(E) barriers to performance or implementation of the

Program, including structural, regulatory, or administrative

challenges.

“(3) Report to congress.—Not later than March 1 of each

year, the Advisory Committee shall submit to the Committee on

Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate, the

Committee on Energy and Natural Resources of the Senate, and

the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology of the House

of Representatives a report summarizing the findings of the

Advisory Committee with respect to the evaluation most

recently conducted under paragraph (1), including specific

recommendations for—

“(A) improvements to the Program;

“(B) consolidation or termination of programs or

activities within the Program; and

“(C) realignment of funding to high-impact areas within

the Program.

“(4) Public summary.—The Advisory Committee shall make a

public-facing summary of each report submitted under

paragraph (3) available on the website of the Advisory

Committee to promote transparency and accountability.”.

SEC. 8. SUBCOMMITTEE ON THE ECONOMIC AND SECURITY

IMPLICATIONS OF QUANTUM INFORMATION SCIENCE.

Section 105 of the National Quantum Initiative Act (15

U.S.C. 8814a) is amended—

(1) in subsection (b)—

(A) in paragraph (10), by striking “and” after the

semicolon;

(B) by redesignating paragraph (11) as paragraph (12); and

“(11) the National Aeronautics and Space Administration;

and”; and

(2) in subsection (c)—

(A) in paragraph (1), by striking “information science”

and inserting “information science, engineering, and

technology”;

(B) in paragraph (2), by inserting “or to supply chains”

before the semicolon;

(D) in paragraph (5)—

(i) by inserting “, engineering, and technology” after

“quantum information science”; and

(ii) by inserting “any” before “export controls”;

(E) in paragraph (6), by striking “information science”

and inserting “information science, engineering, and

technology”;

(F) in paragraph (7), by striking “and” after the

semicolon;

(G) in paragraph (8)—

(i) by striking “information science” and inserting

“information science, engineering, and technology”; and

(ii) by striking the period and inserting a semicolon; and

(H) by adding at the end the following:

“(9) in coordination with the Subcommittee on Quantum

Information Science, identify opportunities to increase

coordination between civilian, military, and intelligence

quantum research entities, reduce unnecessary duplicative

quantum research activities, and facilitate collaboration

between quantum research agencies with specialized

capabilities or expertise in one or more aspects of quantum

information science, engineering, and technology; and

“(10) recommend strategies for attracting and retaining

students and scholars with expertise in quantum-related

fields to Federal departments and agencies.”.

SEC. 9. INTERNATIONAL QUANTUM COOPERATION STRATEGY.

The National Quantum Initiative Act (15 U.S.C. 8801 et

seq.) is amended by inserting after section 105 the following

new section:

“SEC. 105A. INTERNATIONAL QUANTUM COOPERATION STRATEGY.

“(a) Strategy Required.—Not later than one year after the

date of the enactment of this section, the Director of the

Office of Science and Technology Policy shall, in

consultation with the Secretary of Commerce, the Secretary of

State, the Secretary of Energy, the Director of the National

Science Foundation, the Director of the National Institute of

Standards and Technology, the Administrator of the National

Aeronautics and Space Administration, and the heads of other

Federal agencies, as appropriate, develop and submit to the

Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation, the

Committee on Energy and Natural Resources, and the Committee

on Foreign Relations of the Senate, and the Committee on

Science, Space, and Technology and the Committee on Foreign

Affairs of the House of Representatives a strategy—

“(1) to establish collaborative international partnerships

to advance research and development, testing and evaluation,

and interoperability in quantum information science,

engineering, and technology with allies and partners of the

United States, and other countries, when in the security,

strategic, technological, and scientific interests of the

United States;

“(2) to ensure continued participation by the United

States in bilateral and multilateral efforts to advance

quantum information science, engineering, and technology on

the

international stage, including programs to advance research

and development, testing and evaluation, and interoperability

in quantum information science, engineering, and technology

with allies and partners of the United States;

“(3) to promote the integrity and impartiality of

international standards organizations and processes related

to quantum information science, engineering, and technology;

and

“(4) to ensure responsible and ethical research and

development, testing and evaluation, and interoperability in

quantum information science, engineering, and technology.

“(b) Designation.—The strategy developed under subsection

(a) shall be known as the `International Quantum Cooperation

Strategy' (in this section referred to as the `Strategy').

“(c) Elements.—In the development of the Strategy, the

Director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy, the

National Quantum Coordination Office, the Subcommittee on

Quantum Information Science, the Subcommittee on the Economic

and Security Implications of Quantum Information Science, and

the relevant agencies shall consider including the following:

“(1) The establishment of international partnerships to

advance research and development in quantum information

science, engineering, and technology.

“(2) Key strategic allies and partners of the United

States that have demonstrated unique capabilities in one or

more areas of quantum information science, engineering, and

technology.

“(3) Efforts and plans to address risks to the national

security and economic interests of the United States during

development and deployment of quantum technologies worldwide,

including plans for diplomatic engagement with allies and

partners, and other countries.

“(4) Efforts and plans to promote global development and

deployment of quantum technologies, including through

international engagement and leadership in the development of

international standards that are aligned with United States

national interests.

“(5) Efforts and plans to develop, attract, and retain

international talent.

“(6) The ability and risks of domestic manufacturers and

suppliers and those of allies and partners of the United

States to meet the needs of the global quantum supply chain,

including raw materials such as helium-3, plans for

engagement with allies and partners, manufacturers, and

suppliers, and options to mitigate gaps and vulnerabilities

in the global quantum supply chain.

“(7) A plan to safeguard research and technology supported

through international cooperation, as appropriate, in whole

or in part, including in quantum technologies critical to

national security, from malign influence, theft, or

exfiltration by foreign entities of concern.

“(8) As necessary, a description of such legislative or

administrative action as is needed to carry out the Strategy.

“(d) Briefing.—Not later than 30 days after the date on

which the Strategy is completed, the Director shall brief the

committees specified in subsection (a) on the Strategy.”.

SEC. 10. PRIZE CHALLENGES.

The National Quantum Initiative Act (15 U.S.C. 8801 et

seq.) is amended—

(1) by redesignating section 106 as section 107; and

(2) by inserting after section 105A, as added by section

[9], the following:

“SEC. 106. NATIONAL QUANTUM PRIZE CHALLENGES.

“(a) In General.—Subject to the availability of

appropriations, any head of a Federal agency with a

representative serving on the Subcommittee on Quantum

Information Science established under section 103 may,

individually or in cooperation with one or more heads of

Federal agencies—

“(1) conduct a prize competition under section 24 of the

Stevenson-Wydler Technology Innovation Act of 1980 (15 U.S.C.

3719), or such other prize competition authority as may be

available to the head of an agency, to accelerate the

development of applications and algorithms in quantum

information science, engineering, and technology; and

“(2) define a measurable set of performance goals for

participants in the prize competitions to demonstrate their

solutions on a level playing field while making a significant

advancement over the current state of the art.

“(b) Purpose.—Any prize competition carried out under

subsection (a) shall be for the purpose of stimulating

innovation to advance the ability of the United States to

achieve high-priority breakthroughs for applications in

quantum information science, engineering, and technology,

such as in quantum computing, quantum sensing, quantum

communications, quantum networking, quantum algorithms, and

quantum cryptography.

“(c) Coordination With Subcommittees.—Each prize

competition conducted under subsection (a) may be conducted

in coordination with members of the Subcommittee on Quantum

Information Science and the Subcommittee on the Economic and

Security Implications of Quantum Information Science.

“(d) Recommendations.—To assist in the administration of

this section, the Subcommittee on Quantum Information Science

may provide recommendations on key challenges in quantum

information science, engineering, and technology that would

be well suited for a prize competition under subsection (a).

The recommendations shall include a scope for efforts carried

out under such subsection.”.

SEC. 11. SUNSET OF NATIONAL QUANTUM INITIATIVE.

Subsection (a) of section 107 of the National Quantum

Initiative Act (15 U.S.C. 8815), as redesignated by section

[10], is amended to read as follows:

“(a) In General.—Except as provided in subsection (b),

the authority to carry out sections 101, 102, 103, 104, and

105 shall terminate on December 30, 2034.”.

SEC. 12. NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY

ACTIVITIES AND QUANTUM CONSORTIUM.

Section 201 of the National Quantum Initiative Act (15

U.S.C. 8831) is amended—

(1) in subsection (a)—

(A) in paragraph (1), by striking “science and

technology” and inserting “science, engineering, and

technology”;

(B) in paragraph (2)—

(i) by inserting “attract, educate, and” before

“train”; and

(ii) by striking “science and technology” and inserting

“science, engineering, and technology”;

“(3) shall carry out research to facilitate the

development and standardization, as appropriate, of quantum

cryptography, post-quantum cryptography (as such term is

defined in section 3 of the Quantum Computing Cybersecurity

Preparedness Act (6 U.S.C. 1526 note; Public Law 117-260)),

and practices to replace cryptographic keys or algorithms

with minimal disruption to current applications and

systems;”;

(D) by amending paragraph (4) to read as follows:

“(4) shall carry out research, development, and

demonstration projects, as appropriate, to facilitate the

development of quantum applications, including research on

quantum supply chain-enabling technologies, such as lasers,

cryogenics, and other supporting technologies;”;

(E) by redesignating paragraphs (5), (6), and (7) as

paragraphs (7), (8), and (9), respectively;

(F) by inserting after paragraph (4) the following:

“(5) shall promote United States participation in

international standards organizations related to quantum

information science, engineering, and technology;

“(6) shall establish or expand partnerships with the

public sector and private sector—

“(A) to accelerate the development of domestic quantum

supply chain and supply chain-supporting technologies;

“(B) to reduce quantum supply chain vulnerabilities; and

“(C) to avoid offshoring to, or dependence on, foreign

countries of concern for critical components of capabilities

in the quantum supply chain;”;

(G) in paragraph (7), as so redesignated, by striking

“infrastructure” and inserting “, communications, sensing,

and computing”; and

(H) in paragraph (8), as so redesignated—

(i) by inserting “nonprofit research organizations,”

after “universities,”; and

(ii) by striking “and engineering” and inserting “,

engineering, and technology and expanding the domestic STEM

workforce”;

(2) in subsection (b)—

(A) in paragraph (1)—

(i) by striking “future measurement” and inserting

“research, measurement”; and

(ii) by striking “science and technology” and inserting

“science, engineering, and technology”;

(B) in paragraph (2)—

(i) by amending subparagraph (A) to read as follows:

“(A) to gather and assess information on the quantum

industry to address the needs identified in paragraph (1);”;

and

(ii) by striking subparagraphs (B) and (C) and inserting

the following new subparagraphs:

“(B) to provide recommendations regarding how the National

Institute of Standards and Technology, the Program, and other

Federal agencies, as appropriate, can address the gaps in the

research necessary to meet the needs identified in paragraph

(1); and

“(C) to assess and identify key areas for establishing,

expanding, or developing international partnerships that will

meet the needs identified in paragraph (1).”;

(i) by striking “Not later than 2 years after the date of

the enactment of this Act, the” and inserting “The”; and

(ii) by inserting “periodically, but not less frequently

than once every five years,” after “shall”; and

(D) by adding at the end the following new paragraph:

“(4) Sense of congress on coordination.—It is the sense

of Congress that, as may be appropriate, Federal agencies

that are involved in the transition or translation of

research results to practical quantum applications or that

have a mission that could benefit from the development of

quantum technologies, should engage with the consortium to

inform and accelerate progress in such areas.”; and

(3) by striking subsection (c) and inserting the following

new subsections:

“(c) Quantum Supply Chains.—

“(1) Mapping and planning.—The Assistant Secretary of

Commerce for Industry and Analysis shall carry out the

following activities:

“(A) Assess, map, and model supply chains for quantum

networking, quantum computing, quantum communications,

quantum simulation, and quantum sensing technologies and

applications.

“(B) Identify current and future high-priority gaps and

vulnerabilities in quantum supply chains, such as—

“(i) single points of failure, sole source, consolidated

manufacturing, or where there are limited United States and

partner national suppliers; and

“(ii) critical components, elements, materials, equipment,

and infrastructure.

“(C) Identify potential supply chain shocks to the quantum

supply chain that may disrupt, strain, or eliminate the

supply chain.

“(2) Study on critical quantum supply chains.—Not later

than 2 years after the date of the enactment of the National

Quantum Initiative Reauthorization Act of 2026, the Secretary

of Commerce and the Secretary of Energy shall jointly—

“(A) complete a study documenting the critical quantum

supply chains and identified high-priority gaps and

vulnerabilities; and

“(B) submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a

report on the findings with respect to the study completed

pursuant to subparagraph (A).

“(3) Recommendations for avoiding shocks to quantum supply

chains.—Not later than 2 years after the date of the

enactment of the National Quantum Initiative Reauthorization

Act of 2026, the Secretary of Commerce shall, in coordination

with the Secretary of Energy, the Director of the National

Science Foundation, the Secretary of Defense, the

Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space

Administration, the Administrator of the Small Business

Administration, and the heads of such other Federal agencies

as the Secretary of Commerce considers relevant, develop and

submit to the appropriate committees of Congress specific

recommendations for actions to mitigate harm to quantum

supply chains from a supply chain shock.

“(4) Plan to strengthen and secure quantum supply

chains.—Not later than 3 years after the date of the

enactment of the National Quantum Initiative Reauthorization

Act of 2026, the Secretary of Commerce shall submit to the

appropriate committees of Congress a plan identifying

opportunities to strengthen supply chains and build capacity.

“(d) International Quantum Research and Metrology.—

“(1) In general.—The Director of the National Institute

of Standards and Technology shall, in coordination with the

Secretary of State and the Director of the National Science

Foundation, promote, establish, and support international

quantum information science, engineering, and technology

research, metrology research, and standardization, as

appropriate, to enhance international cooperation, meet

United States commitments, and support United States

engagement in international voluntary standards for quantum

information science, engineering, and technology.

“(2) Alignment.—In carrying out this section, the

Director of the National Institute of Standards and

Technology shall ensure alignment with the National Quantum

Information Science Strategy and the U.S. Government National

Standards Strategy for Critical and Emerging Technology, or

successor strategies.

“(3) Prohibitions.—

“(A) Confucius institutes.—None of the funds made

available under this subsection may be obligated or expended

to an institution of higher education that maintains a

contract or agreement between such institution and a

Confucius Institute (as defined in section 10339A of the

Research and Development, Competition, and Innovation Act (42

U.S.C. 19039)) or any successor of a Confucius Institute.

“(B) Foreign countries or entities of concern.—None of

the funds made available under this subsection may be

obligated or expended to promote, establish, or finance

quantum research activities between a United States entity

and a foreign country of concern or foreign entity of

concern, including the entity's subsidiaries, except such

restriction shall not apply to participation by award

recipients in consensus-based international standardization

activities.

“(e) Post-quantum Cryptography Deployment.—

“(1) Definitions.—In this subsection:

“(A) Appropriate congressional committees.—The term

`appropriate congressional committees' means—

“(i) the Committee on Commerce, Science, and

Transportation of the Senate; and

“(ii) the Committee on Energy and Commerce of the House of

Representatives.

“(B) Classical computer; quantum computer.—The terms

`classical computer' and `quantum computer' have the meanings

given such terms in section 3 of the Quantum Computing

Cybersecurity Preparedness Act (Public Law 117-260; 6 U.S.C.

1526 note).

“(C) Critical infrastructure sectors.—The term `critical

infrastructure sectors' means the critical infrastructure

sectors defined in the National Security Memorandum on

`Critical Infrastructure Security and Resilience' (NSM-22),

dated April 30, 2024.

“(D) Post-quantum cryptography.—The term `post-quantum

cryptography'—

“(i) means those cryptographic algorithms or methods that

are assessed not to be specifically vulnerable to attack by

either a quantum computer or classical computer; and

“(ii) includes—

“(I) the lattice-based digital signature algorithm

specified in National Institute of Standards and Technology

Federal Information Processing Standards Publication 204

(dated August 13, 2024; relating to Module-Lattice-Based

Digital Signature Standard), or any successor standard;

“(II) the module-lattice-based key-encapsulation mechanism

specified in National Institute of Standards and Technology

Federal Information Processing Standards Publication 203

(dated August 13, 2024; relating to Module-Lattice-Based Key-

Encapsulation Mechanism Standard), or any successor standard;

and

“(III) any cryptographic algorithm or method implemented

in accordance with National Institute of Standards and

Technology Federal Information Processing Standard

Publication 140-3 (dated March 22, 2019; relating to Security

Requirements for Cryptographic Modules), or any successor

standard, operating within a zero trust architecture as

described in National Institute of Standards and Technology

Special Publication 800-207 (dated August 2020; relating to

Zero Trust Architecture), or any successor standard.

“(E) Sector risk management agency.—The term `sector risk

management agency' has the meaning given such term in section

2200 of the Homeland Security Act of 2002 (6 U.S.C. 650).

“(2) Guidance on upgrading to post-quantum cryptography.—

“(A) In general.—Not later than 180 days after the date

of the enactment of this subsection, the Director of the

National Institute of Standards and Technology, in

consultation with the Director of the Office of Science and

Technology Policy, the Secretary of Homeland Security, and

the head of any other agency the Director of the National

Institute of Standards and Technology considers appropriate,

shall establish guidance for upgrading information systems to

post-quantum cryptography, including guidance that is

specifically tailored for critical infrastructure sectors.

“(B) Dissemination of guidance.—

“(i) In general.—The Director of the National Institute

of Standards and Technology shall make available to entities

in the private sector the guidance established under

subparagraph (A).

“(ii) Special publications.—The Director may satisfy the

requirement under clause (i) through the publication of

Special Publications.

“(3) Strategy for federal agency upgrade to post-quantum

cryptography.—

“(A) National quantum cybersecurity upgrade strategy.—The

Secretary of Commerce, in coordination with the Director of

the Office of Science and Technology Policy and in

consultation with the Quantum Economic Development Consortium

and the head of any other agency the Secretary of Commerce

considers appropriate, shall develop a National Quantum

Cybersecurity Upgrade Strategy that includes the following:

“(i) A definition of a cryptographically relevant quantum

computer.

“(ii) Recommended standards to apply to determine whether

a quantum computer meets such definition, including—

“(I) the characteristics of such computers; and

“(II) the particular point at which such computers are

capable of attacking real-world systems that classical

computers are unable to attack.

“(iii) Guidelines for assessing the urgency of upgrading

to post-quantum cryptography for each Federal agency relative

to—

“(I) the critical functions of each agency; and

“(II) the risk each agency faces should a

cryptographically relevant quantum computer attack a system

operated by the agency.

“(iv) Recommended performance measures for upgrading to

post-quantum cryptography for the following tasks:

“(I) Preparation for upgrading to post-quantum

cryptography, including—

“(aa) the adoption of hardware integrating quantum-

resistant cryptographic algorithms; and

“(bb) the deployment of software-only post-quantum

cryptography overlays that meet or exceed security standards

set forth in the Federal Information Processing Standards

issued by the National Institute of Standards and Technology.

“(II) Establishment of a baseline understanding of the

data inventory, including through the use of automated tools

to identify assets.

“(III) Planning and execution of post-quantum

cryptographic solutions, including ensuring that data at rest

and in motion is subject to appropriate protections.

“(IV) Monitoring and evaluating the success of the upgrade

and assessing the security of the system.

“(v) A plan for implementing the above performance

measures, including evaluating and monitoring entities that

are at high risk of quantum attacks, including sector risk

management agencies.

“(B) Report to congress.—Not later than 360 days after

the date of the enactment of this subsection, the Director of

the National Institute of Standards and Technology shall

submit to the appropriate congressional committees a report

that includes the National Quantum Cybersecurity Upgrade

Strategy developed under subparagraph (A).

“(4) Rule of construction.—Nothing in this section may be

construed to authorize the development or implementation of

any rulemaking or regulatory action for non-Federal entities.

“(f) Funding.—

“(1) Authorization of appropriations.—There is authorized

to be appropriated to the Director of the National Institute

of Standards and Technology to carry out this section

$85,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2026 through 2030.

“(2) Derivation of funds.—Amounts made available pursuant

to paragraph (1) for each of fiscal years 2026 and 2027 shall

be derived from amounts authorized to be appropriated for the

National Institute of Standards and Technology pursuant to

section 10211 of the Research and Development, Competition,

and Innovation Act (Public Law 117-167) for scientific and

technical research and services laboratory activities.”.

SEC. 13. NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY

QUANTUM CENTERS.

Title II of the National Quantum Initiative Act is amended

by adding at the end the following new sections:

“SEC. 202. NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY

QUANTUM CENTERS.

“(a) Establishment.—

“(1) In general.—Subject to the availability of

appropriations, the Director of the National Institute of

Standards and Technology shall, in consultation with such

heads of other Federal departments and agencies as the

Director considers appropriate, carry out a program to

establish and operate at least 1, but not more than 3,

centers to accelerate research, development, deployment, and

standardization of quantum information science, engineering,

and technology.

“(2) Program details.—

“(A) Competitive, merit-based review process.—The centers

established and operated under paragraph (1) shall be

established through a competitive, merit-based review process

described in paragraph (5).

“(B) Applications.—An eligible applicant described in

subparagraph (C) seeking to establish and operate a center

described in paragraph (1) shall submit to the Director of

the National Institute of Standards and Technology an

application therefor at such time, in such manner, and

containing such information as the Director determines to be

necessary to evaluate the application using the criteria

described in paragraph (5).

“(C) Eligible applicants.—Eligible applicants described

in this subparagraph are the following:

“(i) Institutions of higher education.

“(ii) Nonprofit organizations.

“(iii) Multi-institution collaborations, including

multiple types of research institutions, private sector

entities, Federal laboratories, and nonprofit organizations,

or consortia thereof.

“(3) Selection of applications and prioritized topics.—

The Director of the National Institute of Standards and

Technology shall solicit proposals and prioritize the

following topics in the initial selection of applications

submitted under paragraph (2)(B), subject to merit-based

review (including review of the criteria described in

paragraph (5)):

“(A) Advancing quantum sensing and measurement

technologies.

“(B) Advancing the manufacturing and scale-up of quantum

systems and quantum-enabling technologies.

“(C) Addressing technology barriers to quantum networking

and communications.

“(4) Grants.—

“(A) In general.—The Director shall carry out the program

required by paragraph (1) through the award of grants to

eligible applicants seeking to establish and operate centers

under the program.

“(B) Duration of grant awards.—Subject to the

availability of appropriations, the duration of a grant

awarded under subparagraph (A) shall be a period of 5 years.

“(C) Renewal.—Subject to the availability of

appropriations, each grant awarded under subparagraph (A) may

be renewed for successive periods of 5 years following a

successful merit-based review by the Director.

“(D) Termination.—Consistent with the authorities of the

Institute, the Director may terminate a grant awarded under

subparagraph (A) for an underperforming center for cause

during the performance period of the grant.

“(5) Competitive, merit-based review process.—The

Director shall award grants under this subsection using a

formal, merit-based review process for evaluating

applications received by the Director under paragraph (2)(B)

that shall—

“(A) ensure that grants are awarded to the most

technically sound and strategically aligned quantum

technology proposals;

“(B) prioritize proposals that demonstrate strong

potential to enhance leadership by the United States in

quantum applications, quantum metrology, and the development

of quantum standards;

“(C) support initiatives that align with the strategic

goals of the National Institute of Standards and Technology

while avoiding unnecessary duplication of efforts led by

other Federal agencies;

“(D) facilitate a competitive, transparent, and objective

selection process, utilizing qualified subject-matter

experts; and

“(E) include appropriate consideration of project

feasibility, cost-effectiveness, technological maturity, and

risk mitigation.

“(b) Requirements.—To the maximum extent practicable,

centers established and operated under this section shall

serve the mission of the National Institute of Standards and

Technology, for the benefit of the broader United States

quantum information science community, for the following

purposes:

“(1) Advancing research and standardization in quantum

information science, engineering, and technology.

“(2) Advancing technology development.

“(3) Improving the competitiveness of the United States.

“(c) Coordination.—The Director of the National Institute

of Standards and Technology shall ensure coordination and

avoid unnecessary duplication of the activities carried out

under this section with existing activities of the Institute,

other activities carried out under this Act, and other

related programs, as appropriate.

“(d) Commercial Technology.—Each center established under

this section may leverage commercially available hardware and

software to carry out the activities described in subsection

(a), unless such hardware or software is manufactured in, or

by, a foreign country of concern.

“(e) Funding.—The Director of the National Institute of

Standards and Technology shall allocate up to $18,000,000 for

each center established under this section for each of fiscal

years 2026 through 2030, subject to the availability of

appropriations. Such amounts shall be derived from amounts

appropriated pursuant to section 10211 of the Research and

Development, Competition, and Innovation Act (Public Law 117-

167).

“(f) Briefing Requirements.—Not later than 1 year after

the date of the enactment of the National Quantum Initiative

Reauthorization Act of 2026, and not less frequently than

once each year thereafter, the Director of the National

Institute of Standards and Technology shall provide the

Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the

Senate and the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology of

the House of Representatives a briefing on current and

planned activities under this section.

“SEC. 203. RESEARCH SECURITY.

“The activities authorized under this title shall be

carried out in a manner consistent with subtitle D of title

VI of the Research and Development, Competition, and

Innovation Act (42 U.S.C. 19231 et seq.) and section 6432 of

the Servicemember Quality of Life Improvement and National

Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2025 (Public Law

118-159; 42 U.S.C. 7144b note).

“SEC. 204. COLLABORATION FOR QUANTUM APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT

ACCELERATION.

“(a) Definition of Near-term Use Case.—In this section,

the term `near-term use case' means—

“(1) in the case of an application that includes the

development of quantum computing hardware, an application

that can be developed and deployed in less than 3 years; or

“(2) in the case of an application that includes quantum

technologies in general, including quantum communication,

sensing, algorithm development for hybrid applications,

supply chain innovation, or demonstrations of computational

advantage, where new quantum computer hardware would not need

to be developed, an application that can be developed and

deployed in less than 18 months.

“(b) Establishment of Collaborative Venture for Quantum

Application Development Acceleration.—Consistent with the

activities authorized under this title, the Director of the

National Institute of Standards and Technology shall

establish or expand an existing collaborative venture or

consortia with other public or private sector entities—

“(1) for innovation and development of applications using

quantum information sciences with a focus on near-term use

cases; and

“(2) that can be used to develop and test demonstrations,

proofs of concept, and pilot applications.

“(c) Coordination and Engagement.—In carrying out

subsection (b), the Director shall —

“(1) coordinate activities with the members of the

Subcommittee on Quantum Information Science and the

Subcommittee on Economic and Security Implications of Quantum

Science; and

“(2) engage with the Quantum Economic Development

Consortium, the National Laboratories (as defined in section

2 of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (42 U.S.C. 15801)),

federally funded research and development centers, and other

members of the United States quantum computing and quantum

information ecosystem, including industry.

“(d) Success Metrics.—In administering this section, the

Director shall, in consultation with the entities described

in subsection (c), define clear success metrics for the

quantum sandbox established under subsection (b).

“(e) Coordination.— The Director shall ensure

coordination and avoid unnecessary duplication of the

activities carried out under this section with existing

activities of the Institute, other activities carried out

under this Act, and other related programs, as

appropriate.”.

SEC. 14. FEASIBILITY STUDY ON MANUFACTURING USA INSTITUTE

FOR QUANTUM MANUFACTURING.

(a) Definition of Manufacturing USA Institute.—In this

section, the term “Manufacturing USA institute” has the

meaning

given such term in section 34(d) of the National Institute of

Standards and Technology Act (15 U.S.C. 278s(d)).

(b) Study Required.—The Director of the National Institute

of Standards and Technology shall, in consultation with the

Secretary of Energy and the members of the Subcommittee on

Quantum Information Science and the Subcommittee on the

Economic and Security Implications of Quantum Science,

conduct a study on the feasibility of establishing or

supporting a Manufacturing USA institute focused on quantum

manufacturing, including manufacturing capabilities and

activities related to quantum computing (inclusive of all

modalities and qubit architectures), quantum sensing, and

quantum networking.

subsection (b), the Director shall, to the maximum extent

practicable—

(1) determine the manufacturing capabilities necessary to

produce reliable quantum components and systems at scale and

identify gaps in access to such capabilities and limited

domestic sources;

(2) evaluate the extent to which such capabilities and gaps

are already addressed, or could reasonably be addressed, by

private industry, existing Manufacturing USA institutes, or

other Federal programs;

(3) evaluate existing Federal and non-Federal efforts

relating to quantum computing, quantum sensing, and quantum

networking to determine whether any proposed Manufacturing

USA institute would duplicate or overlap with ongoing

activities;

(4) evaluate whether and to what extent barriers to

technology development and transition, including those

associated with moving from early-stage research to scaled

production, are persistent and not already being addressed

through private sector investment or existing Federal

programs;

(5) evaluate the feasibility of supporting domestic

activities that include the capability to design, fabricate,

and test materials, devices, structures, and manufacturing

processes for quantum technologies or systems;

(6) evaluate the full lifecycle costs of establishing,

operating, and sustaining a Manufacturing USA institute for

quantum manufacturing, including long-term Federal funding

requirements, administrative costs, and risks of cost

escalation;

(7) evaluate alternative approaches, including leveraging

existing Manufacturing USA institutes, targeted competitive

grants, public-private partnerships, or other mechanisms that

may more efficiently address identified barriers to

technology development and transition; and

(8) evaluate the estimated economic impact associated with

the establishment of a Manufacturing USA institute described

in subsection (b), including impacts on regional economies,

suppliers, and job growth.

(d) Report to Congress.—Not later than 1 year after the

date of the enactment of this Act, the Director shall submit

to Congress a report describing the findings of the Director

with respect to the study conducted under subsection (b).

SEC. 15. NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION QUANTUM INFORMATION

SCIENCE RESEARCH AND EDUCATION ACTIVITIES.

Section 301 of the National Quantum Initiative Act (15

U.S.C. 8841) is amended—

(1) in the section heading, by inserting “, engineering,

and technology” after “science”;

(2) in subsection (a), by striking “science and

engineering” and inserting “science, engineering, and

technology”;

(3) in subsection (b)—

(A) in paragraph (1)—

(i) in subparagraph (A), by striking “science and

engineering” and inserting “science, engineering, and

technology”; and

(ii) in subparagraph (B)—

(I) by striking “human resources” and inserting

“education and workforce”; and

(II) by striking “science and engineering” and inserting

“science, engineering, and technology”; and

(B) in paragraph (2)—

(i) in subparagraph (A)—

(I) in clause (i)—

(aa) by striking “science and engineering” and inserting

“science, engineering, and technology”; and

(bb) by striking “and” after the semicolon;

(II) in clause (ii), by inserting “and” after the

semicolon; and

(III) by adding at the end the following:

“(iii) to pursue research at the frontiers of quantum

information science, engineering, and technology, and explore

solutions to important challenges for the development and

application of quantum technologies;”;

(ii) in subparagraph (B), by striking “science and

engineering” and inserting “science, engineering, and

technology”; and

(iii) in subparagraph (C), by striking “science and

engineering” and inserting “science, engineering, and

technology”;

(4) by striking subsection (c) and inserting the following:

“(c) Student Traineeships, Fellowships, and Other

Models.—

“(1) Quantum traineeships.—The Director of the National

Science Foundation, in consultation with heads of Federal

agencies as the Director considers appropriate, may use

existing programs to make awards to institutions of higher

education or nonprofit organizations (or consortia thereof)—

“(A) to provide traineeships to graduate students at

institutions of higher education within the United States who

are citizens of the United States and who choose or plan to

pursue master or doctoral degrees in quantum information

science, engineering, and technology, or related fields; and

“(B) to provide such graduate students with opportunities

for research experiences in government or industry related to

such students' quantum studies.

“(2) Quantum fellowships and scholarships.—

“(A) In general.—The Director of the National Science

Foundation, in consultation with heads of Federal agencies as

the Director considers appropriate, may use existing programs

to support fellowships and scholarships for students at

institutions of higher education for the purpose of—

“(i) increasing quantum information science, engineering,

and technology exposure for undergraduate and graduate STEM

students; and

“(ii) increasing postgraduation employment opportunities

for STEM students who demonstrate potential to pursue careers

in quantum information science, engineering, and technology.

“(B) Requirements.—An eligible participant in the

fellowship and scholarship program under this paragraph

shall—

“(i) be enrolled in or have graduated from a STEM degree

program at an institution of higher education within the

United States; and

“(ii) have demonstrated interest in quantum information

science, engineering, and technology, such as by taking not

less than 1 quantum science or quantum-relevant course as

part of the participant's degree program or by participating

in a summer school program that focuses on quantum

information science, engineering, and technology.

“(C) Considerations.—Eligible fellowships and scholarship

programs under this paragraph may include temporary quantum-

related positions at Federal or State agencies, National

Laboratories, private sector entities, institutions of higher

education, the quantum centers established under section 202,

the Multidisciplinary Centers for Quantum Research and

Education established under section 302, the National Quantum

Information Science Research Centers established under

section 402, and the initiatives established under section

503, or other quantum-relevant entities, as determined

appropriate by the Director.

“(D) Competitive awards.—Fellowships and scholarships

awarded under this paragraph shall be competitively awarded

through a merit-based review process. The Director of the

National Science Foundation may prioritize fellowships that

include an industry partner that provides financial

assistance to awardees for direct or indirect costs.

“(3) Quantum research experiences for undergraduates.—The

Director of the National Science Foundation shall seek to

increase opportunities for quantum research for undergraduate

students by encouraging proposals in quantum information

science, engineering, and technology, through the research

experiences for undergraduates provided under section 514 of

the America COMPETES Reauthorization Act of 2010 (42 U.S.C.

1862p-6).

“(4) Cooperative education programs.—The Director of the

National Science Foundation, in consultation with heads of

Federal agencies the Director considers appropriate, may

establish, or use existing, programs to support cooperative

education programs between institutions of higher education

and employers that increase opportunities for undergraduate

students to acquire experiential learning and professional

experiences in quantum information science, engineering, and

technology.

“(5) Partnerships.—In carrying out the activities under

this subsection, the Director of the National Science

Foundation shall encourage recipients of awards under this

subsection to partner with relevant Federal agencies, Federal

laboratories, industry and other private sector

organizations, and nonprofit organizations to facilitate the

expansion of workforce pathways and hands-on learning

experiences.”;

(5) in subsection (d)—

(A) in the subsection heading, by striking “QISE” and

inserting “QISET”;

(B) in paragraph (1)—

(i) by striking “information science and engineering

(referred to in this subsection as `QISE')” and inserting

“information science, engineering, and technology (referred

to in this subsection as `QISET')”;

(ii) by striking “at all education levels, including

community colleges” and inserting “at appropriate education

levels, including community colleges and career and technical

education entities”;

(i) in subparagraph (A), by striking “QISE” and inserting

“quantum information science, engineering, and technology”;

(ii) by striking subparagraph (C);

(iii) by redesignating subparagraphs (D) and (E) as

subparagraphs (C) and (D), respectively;

(iv) in subparagraph (C), as so redesignated—

(I) by inserting “, engineering, and technology” after

“science”; and

(II) by inserting “, including those principles relevant

to emerging technologies, such as artificial intelligence,

microelectronics, and nanotechnology” after “fields”; and

(v) by inserting after subparagraph (D), as so

redesignated, the following:

“(E) Methods to introduce security dimensions associated

with quantum information science, engineering, and technology

into STEM curricula.”;

(D) in paragraph (3), by striking “QISE” and inserting

“quantum information science, engineering, and technology”;

and

(E) by striking paragraph (4); and

(6) by adding at the end the following:

“(e) International Research on Quantum Information

Science, Engineering, and Technology.—

“(1) In general.—The Director of the National Science

Foundation, in coordination with the Secretary of State and

the heads of other Federal agencies, as appropriate, shall

support international quantum information science,

engineering, and technology research, as appropriate, to

enhance international cooperation and meet United States

commitments, including as part of the terms and conditions of

bilateral or multilateral quantum information science,

engineering, and technology research agreements.

“(2) Alignment.—In carrying out this subsection, the

Director of the National Science Foundation shall ensure

alignment with the national strategy for quantum information

science in accordance with Executive Order 14073 (87 Fed.

Reg. 27909; relating to enhancing the National Quantum

Initiative Advisory Committee) or successor strategies.

“(3) Priority.—The Director shall prioritize research

programs with countries that have signed a quantum

cooperation statement with the United States.

“(4) Restrictions.—

“(A) Confucius institutes.—None of the funds made

available under this subsection may be obligated or expended

to an institution of higher education that maintains a

contract or agreement between such institution and a

Confucius Institute, as defined in section 10339A of the

Research and Development, Competition, and Innovation Act (42

U.S.C. 19039) or any successor of a Confucius Institute.

“(B) Foreign country of concern and foreign entity of

concern.—None of the funds made available under this

subsection may be obligated or expended to promote,

establish, or finance quantum research activities between a

United States entity and a foreign country of concern or

foreign entity of concern, including the entity's

subsidiaries.

“(f) Upgrading and Improving Access to Quantum Research

Resources.—

“(1) In general.—In carrying out the activities described

in this section, the Director of the National Science

Foundation, in consultation with the heads of other Federal

departments and agencies, as appropriate, shall award grants

to institutions of higher education or eligible nonprofit

organizations (or consortia thereof) to upgrade research

facilities and improve access to research resources, such as

equipment and instrumentation, that is needed for research

and development in quantum information science, engineering,

and technology.

“(2) Purpose.—Grants under paragraph (1) shall be used to

facilitate quantum information science, engineering, and

technology research and development, including by carrying

out the following:

“(A) Upgrading or adding research resources to—

“(i) accelerate the development of quantum technologies,

including capabilities focused on addressing the roadblocks

to implementation; and

“(ii) meet the materials, advanced materials development,

high-performance computing, heterogeneous computing,

networking, software, data, clean room, and device needs of

the scientific community and the quantum supply chain.

“(B) Enhancing access to equipment and instrumentation,

including at partnering institutions, by facilitating

information sharing, coordination, education, and training,

including activities that provide meaningful hands-on

learning experiences for students, including at community and

technical colleges.

“(C) Enabling professional staff to support the operation,

scheduling, and improvement of research resources used for

quantum information science, engineering, and technology.

“(D) Expanding access for industry to quantum research

infrastructure by prioritizing the placement of equipment and

instrumentation in user-access facilities that support rapid

iteration, including regional technology hubs, industry

parks, co-locations operated by institutions of higher

education and industry, and private sector testbeds.

“(3) Requirements.—An institution of higher education or

an eligible nonprofit organization (or a consortium thereof)

seeking funding under this subsection shall submit to the

Director of the National Science Foundation an application at

such time, in such manner, and containing such information as

the Director may require.”.

SEC. 16. MULTIDISCIPLINARY CENTERS FOR QUANTUM RESEARCH

AND EDUCATION.

Section 302 of the National Quantum Initiative Act (15

U.S.C. 8842) is amended—

(1) in subsection (a), by striking “5” and inserting

“8”;

(2) in subsection (c)—

(A) in paragraph (1), by striking “science and

engineering” and inserting “science, engineering, and

technology”;

(B) in paragraph (2), by striking “and engineering” and

inserting “, engineering, and technology, including

leveraging or expanding activities established pursuant to

section 301(d)”;

available hardware and software” after “resources”; and

(D) by adding at the end the following:

“(4) supporting research and development in enabling

fields essential to the advancement of quantum information

science, engineering, and technology, including materials

science, fabrication science, and physics;

“(5) encouraging the establishment of multidisciplinary

quantum research and education centers that leverage existing

domestic infrastructure, including data centers and

communications networks, to support the demonstration and

field application of quantum technologies; and

“(6) promoting partnerships with industry to accelerate

technology transfer and support domestic quantum

innovation.”;

(3) in subsection (d)(2)—

(A) in subparagraph (A), by striking “quantum science,”

and inserting “quantum information science, engineering, and

technology,”;

(B) in subparagraph (B), by inserting “biotechnology,”

after “chemistry,”;

semicolon;

(D) in subparagraph (E), by striking the period and

inserting a semicolon; and

(E) by adding at the end the following:

“(F) how the Center will participate in international

collaborations, as appropriate, to build a trusted global

research network with allies and partners of the United

States and other countries that share values with the United

States;

“(G) how the Center will protect research from foreign

countries of concern and foreign entities of concern, and the

subsidiaries of such foreign entities, to ensure the

competitiveness of the United States; and

“(H) how the Center will regularly assess and report on

progress toward achieving self-sustainability, including

metrics, milestones, and a timeline for meeting the long-term

goal described in subparagraph (E).”;

(4) in subsection (e), by striking paragraph (2) and

inserting the following:

“(2) Reapplication.—An awardee may reapply for an

additional subsequent period of 5 years following a

successful merit-based review.”;

(5) in subsection (f), by striking “2019 through 2023”

and inserting “2026 through 2030”; and

(6) by adding at the end the following:

“(g) Consultation With Regional Technology and Innovation

Hubs.—

“(1) In general.—In carrying out the activities of the

Multidisciplinary Centers for Quantum Research and Education

under this section, the Director of the National Science

Foundation shall consult with the Secretary of Commerce

regarding opportunities for such centers to engage in

research and development activities with regional technology

and innovation hubs designated under section 28 of the

Stevenson-Wydler Technology Innovation Act of 1980 (15 U.S.C.

3722a) that have a primary focus on quantum information

science, engineering, and technology.

“(2) Consultation.—Consultation under paragraph (1) may

include discussion of—

“(A) opportunities to align Federal research priorities

with the research, development, technology translation, and

workforce development activities of the designated regional

technology and innovation hubs; and

“(B) opportunities for researcher exchange programs and

sharing of facilities between the centers and the hubs.

“(3) Rule of construction.—Nothing in this subsection

shall be construed—

“(A) to transfer the ownership or administrative control

of any research facility; or

“(B) to alter the existing authorities or mission-related

responsibilities of the Federal agencies, companies, or

institutions that own or operate such facilities.

“(h) Briefing Requirements.—Not later than 1 year after

the date of the enactment of the National Quantum Initiative

Reauthorization Act of 2026, and not less frequently than

annually thereafter, the Director of the National Science

Foundation shall brief the appropriate committees of Congress

on current and planned activities under this section. Each

briefing shall include—

“(1) an assessment of how each Center is progressing

toward the goal of self-sustainability described in

subsection (d)(2)(E); and

“(2) a summary of the most recent reports submitted by the

Centers regarding such progress in accordance with subsection

(d)(2)(H).”.

SEC. 17. QUANTUM TESTBEDS; RESEARCH SECURITY.

Title III of the National Quantum Initiative Act (15 U.S.C.

8841 et seq.) is amended by adding at the end the following:

“SEC. 303. QUANTUM TESTBEDS.

“(a) In General.—Not later than 1 year after the date of

enactment of the National Quantum Initiative Reauthorization

Act of 2026, the Director of the National Science Foundation,

in coordination with the Director of the National Institute

of Standards and Technology, the Secretary of Energy, the

Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space

Administration, and the heads of other Federal agencies, as

determined appropriate by the Director of the National

Science Foundation, shall make awards on a competitive,

merit-based review basis to institutions of higher education,

nonprofit organizations, federally funded research and

development centers, or consortia thereof, to establish

testbeds focused on quantum applications.

“(b) Purposes.—The quantum testbeds established under

subsection (a) shall focus on advancing early-stage quantum

research toward validated and deployable quantum

applications, as determined by the Director of the National

Science Foundation, through proof-of-concept testing,

demonstrations, pilot projects, benchmarking, and

prototyping, by—

“(1) supporting translational quantum research and

development activities for quantum application use cases,

including, for testbeds featuring quantum software and

quantum algorithms driving toward utility, leveraging

approaches such as algorithm innovation and tools such as

resource estimators;

“(2) providing accessible research resources for

developing, testing, and benchmarking the application of

quantum technologies to likely use cases, including enabling

quantum cloud access;

“(3) investing in quantum computing technologies that show

promise for viability, including directing funding to advance

each layer of the stack and related systems engineering and

integration;

“(4) demonstrating feasibility and establishing cost and

benefit to facilitate transition to real-world applications

or agency adoption; and

“(5) supporting the co-location of quantum

instrumentation, fabrication, and enabling technologies

within testbeds and affiliated user-access facilities to

enable rapid prototyping, iteration, and scale-up for

industry.

“(c) Applications.—An applicant for an award under this

section shall submit to the Director of the National Science

Foundation an application at such time, in such manner, and

containing such information as the Director determines to be

necessary to evaluate the application using the criteria

described in subsection (d). The application shall, at a

minimum, describe the following:

“(1) How the applicant will assemble a workforce with the

skills needed to operate a quantum testbed.

“(2) How the applicant will ensure broad access to a

quantum testbed, including for start-ups and research

institutions.

“(3) How a quantum testbed will operate after Federal

funding has ended.

“(4) How the applicant will contribute to the quantum

testbed, such as through funding or other resources required

to develop quantum applications.

“(5) How the applicant will protect any research or

advancements made as a result of using the quantum testbed.

“(6) How the applicant will facilitate transition of

testbed outcomes to subsequent development stages, including

real-world applications or agency use.

“(d) Competitive, Merit-based Review Process.—The

Director of the National Science Foundation shall select

applications submitted under subsection (c) for awards using

a formal merit-based review process that shall—

“(1) ensure that applications selected are the most

technically sound and strategically aligned;

“(2) prioritize applications that demonstrate strong

potential to enhance United States leadership in quantum

applications;

“(3) support initiatives that align with the strategic

goals of the National Science Foundation while avoiding

unnecessary duplication of efforts led by other Federal

agencies;

“(4) facilitate a competitive, transparent, and objective

selection process, utilizing qualified subject-matter

experts; and

“(5) include appropriate consideration of application

feasibility, cost-effectiveness, technological maturity, and

risk mitigation.

“(e) Prioritization.—In awarding grants under this

section, the Director of the National Science Foundation

shall prioritize the following:

“(1) Applicants that ensure that not less than 25 percent

of the cost for a quantum testbed established under this

section is provided by private or non-Federal entities,

including through in-kind contributions.

“(2) Awards for consortia that include quantum industry

participation.

“(3) Applicants that demonstrate a plan for transitioning

quantum testbed outcomes, including through partnerships with

industry or Federal agency end-users.

“(f) Roles and Responsibilities.—The Director of the

National Science Foundation shall be responsible for the

following:

“(1) Maintaining a record of notable outcomes from each

quantum testbed established under this section.

“(2) Partnering with other Federal agencies to enable

opportunities for quantum testbed outcomes to be transitioned

to such agencies in alignment with the missions of such

agencies.

“(3) Not later than 1 year after the date of the enactment

of the National Quantum Initiative Reauthorization Act of

2026 and every 2 years thereafter until December 31, 2030,

briefing the appropriate committees of Congress on the status

of such quantum testbeds and providing recommendations for

improving such quantum testbeds.

“(g) Coordination.—In supporting quantum testbeds

established under this section, the Director of the National

Science Foundation shall ensure coordination with other

testbeds and other quantum facilities hosting Federal quantum

technology and infrastructure supported by the National

Science Foundation, including those testbeds and facilities

authorized pursuant to section 10390 of the Research and

Development, Competition, and Innovation Act (42 U.S.C.

19110), or by other Federal agencies as determined

appropriate by the Director, to avoid duplication and

maximize use of Federal resources.

“(h) Stakeholder Collaboration.—In carrying out this

section, the Director of the National Science Foundation

shall collaborate with the Quantum Consortium established

pursuant to section 201(b) to accomplish the purposes of the

quantum testbeds program described in subsection (b) and

ensure there is strong collaboration with industry

stakeholders. The Director may also engage with National

Laboratories, federally funded research and development

centers, industry, and other members of the United States

quantum ecosystem.

“SEC. 304. RESEARCH SECURITY.

“(a) Research Security.—The activities authorized under

this title shall be carried out in a manner consistent with

subtitle D of title VI of the Research and Development,

Competition, and Innovation Act (42 U.S.C. 19231 et seq.).

“(b) Review of Visitors and Assignees From Countries of

Risk.—The Director of the National Science Foundation shall

establish policies and procedures to assess and screen

visitors and assignees to National Science Foundation-

supported facilities that are similar, to the extent

practicable, to the policies and procedures regarding

visitors and assignees to the National Laboratories that were

established in accordance with section 6432 of the

Servicemember Quality of Life Improvement and National

Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2025 (42 U.S.C.

7144b note).”.

SEC. 18. NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION CRYPTOGRAPHY

RESEARCH.

Section 4(a)(1)(A) of the Cyber Security Research and

Development Act (15 U.S.C. 7403) is amended by inserting “,

including post-quantum cryptography (as such term is defined

in section 3 of the Quantum Computing Cybersecurity

Preparedness Act (6 U.S.C. 1526 note; Public Law 117-260))”

before the semicolon.

SEC. 19. NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION

QUANTUM ACTIVITIES.

(a) In General.—The National Quantum Initiative Act (15

U.S.C. 8801 et seq.) is amended by adding at the end the

following new title:

“TITLE V—NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION QUANTUM

ACTIVITIES

“SEC. 501. DEFINITION OF ADMINISTRATOR.

“In this title, the term `Administrator' means the

Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space

Administration.

“SEC. 502. QUANTUM INFORMATION SCIENCE, ENGINEERING, AND

TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH FOR SPACE AND AERONAUTICS.

“(a) In General.—The Administrator is authorized to carry

out research on quantum information science, engineering, and

technology.

“(b) Cooperation.—In carrying out subsection (a), the

Administrator—

“(1) shall consider cooperative arrangements with the

Department of Energy and other Federal Government agencies,

as practicable, on areas of shared benefit; and

“(2) may enter into memoranda of understanding or

memoranda of agreement to establish such cooperative

arrangements.

“(c) Strategy.—Not later than 180 days after the date of

the enactment of this title, the Administrator shall submit

to the appropriate committees of Congress a strategy for

National Aeronautics and Space Administration research on

quantum information science, engineering, and technology. The

strategy shall identify resources required to support

implementation of the strategy, including budgets, workforce,

and infrastructure, describe cooperative efforts with other

Federal Government agencies, and address areas of research

and applications, including the following:

“(1) Quantum sensing.

“(2) Quantum networking.

“(3) Quantum communications, including quantum satellite

communications.

“(4) Quantum computing.

“(5) Science, aeronautics, and exploration-related

applications.

“(6) Any other area of quantum information, science,

engineering, and technology that furthers the mission of the

National Aeronautics and Space Administration and is

consistent with the purposes of this Act, as the

Administrator considers appropriate.

“(d) Consultation.—In developing the strategy described

in subsection (c), the Administrator may seek input from

relevant external stakeholders, including institutions of

higher education, industry, and nonprofit research

organizations.

“SEC. 503. NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION

QUANTUM INITIATIVES.

“(a) In General.—Subject to the availability of

appropriations, the Administrator, in consultation with the

heads of other Federal departments and agencies, as

appropriate, may establish one or more initiatives focused on

space and aeronautics applications of quantum information

science, engineering, and technology.

“(b) Initiative Details.—

“(1) Merit-based review process.—

“(A) In general.—The Administrator shall develop and

implement a formal, merit-based review process for evaluating

proposals, applications, and initiatives submitted to the

National Aeronautics and Space Administration with respect to

the research, development, or deployment of quantum

technologies with potential relevance to the civil space and

aeronautics missions of the National Aeronautics and Space

Administration.

“(B) Criteria.—The process established under subparagraph

(A) shall be designed—

“(i) to ensure taxpayer dollars are directed to the most

technically sound and strategically aligned quantum

technology proposals;

“(ii) to prioritize applications that demonstrate strong

potential to enhance United States leadership in space-based

quantum applications, including sensing, navigation,

communications, simulation, and computing;

“(iii) to support initiatives that align with the

strategic goals of the National Aeronautics and Space

Administration and avoid unnecessary duplication of efforts

led by other Federal agencies;

“(iv) to facilitate a competitive, transparent, and

objective selection process using qualified subject-matter

experts; and

“(v) to include appropriate consideration of project

feasibility, cost-effectiveness, technological maturity, and

risk mitigation.

“(2) Application requirements.—An applicant under this

section shall submit to the Administrator an application at

such time, in such manner, and containing such technical,

programmatic, and budgetary information as the Administrator

determines necessary to evaluate the application through the

review process developed under paragraph (1).

“(3) Eligible applicants.—In carrying out the process

under paragraph (1), the Administrator shall consider

applications from institutions of higher education, research

centers, multi-institutional collaborations, and any other

entity the Administrator considers appropriate.

“(4) Collaborations.—A collaboration that receives an

award under this section may include multiple types of

research institutions, including institutions of higher

education, private sector entities, and nonprofit

organizations.

“(5) Coordination and accountability.—The Administrator

shall ensure that an awardee under this section—

“(A) coordinates with the National Aeronautics and Space

Administration, including by identifying personnel designated

to serve as program liaisons for technical and programmatic

oversight; and

“(B) avoids unnecessary duplication of existing activities

of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, other

activities carried out under the National Quantum Initiative

Reauthorization Act of 2026 or the amendments made by that

Act, and other related programs.

“(6) Commercial technology.—An initiative established

under this section may leverage commercially available

hardware and software to carry out the activities described

in subsection (c).

“(c) Initiative Activities.—An initiative established

under this section may carry out activities that—

“(1) support research focused on developing and

demonstrating space, aeronautics, and exploration

applications for quantum information science, engineering,

and technology, including research relating to the strategy

developed under section 502(c); and

“(2) support quantum information science, engineering, and

technology education and public outreach.

“(d) Initiative Requirements.—To the maximum extent

practicable, an initiative established under this section

shall serve the needs of the National Aeronautics and Space

Administration for the benefit of the broader United States

quantum information science community, for the purpose of

advancing space and aeronautics applications in quantum

information science, engineering, and technology, and

improving the competitiveness of the United States.

“(e) Initiative Selection and Duration.—

“(1) In general.—Subject to the availability of

appropriations, an initiative established under this section

may carry out activities for a period of 5 years.

“(2) Reapplication.—Subject to the availability of

appropriations, an awardee may reapply for an additional

subsequent period of 5 years following a successful merit-

based review.

“(3) Termination.—Consistent with the authorities of the

National Aeronautics and Space Administration, the

Administrator may terminate the initiative for cause during

the performance period.

“SEC. 504. RESEARCH SECURITY.

“The activities authorized under this title shall be

carried out in a manner consistent with—

“(1) subtitle D of title VI of the Research and

Development, Competition, and Innovation Act (42 U.S.C. 19231

et seq.); and

“(2) section 6432 of the Servicemember Quality of Life

Improvement and National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal

Year 2025 (42 U.S.C. 7144b note; Public Law 118-159).

“SEC. 505. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.

“The Administrator shall allocate up to $25,000,000 for

each of fiscal years 2026 through 2030 to carry out this

title, subject to the availability of appropriations. Amounts

made available to carry out this title shall be derived from

amounts appropriated or otherwise made available to the

National Aeronautics and Space Administration.”.

SEC. 20. COMPTROLLER GENERAL REVIEW AND REPORT.

(a) Review.—Not later than 1 year after the date of the

enactment of this Act, the Comptroller General of the United

States shall conduct a review of existing processes and

reporting requirements associated with research and

development programs established within the National

Institute of Standards and Technology, the National Science

Foundation, and the Department of Energy pursuant to the

National Quantum Initiative Act (15 U.S.C. 8801 et seq.) to

identify potential opportunities—

(1) to reduce duplicative and unnecessary paperwork and

reporting requirements without compromising security,

transparency, and accountability; and

(2) to expedite access to facilities and equipment of the

Federal Government for researchers affiliated with such

programs.

(b) Research and Development Programs Covered.—The review

required under subsection (a) shall cover all research and

development programs established pursuant to sections 201,

302, 402, 403, and 404 of the National Quantum Initiative Act

(15 U.S.C. 8831, 8842, 8852, 8853, and 8854).

review under subsection (a), the Comptroller General shall

submit to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and

Transportation and the Committee on Energy and Natural

Resources of the Senate and the Committee on Science, Space,

and Technology of the House of Representatives a report on

the findings of the review, which shall include

recommendations relating to paragraphs (1) and (2) of such

subsection.

SEC. 21. REVIEW OF REGULATORY BARRIERS TO QUANTUM

INFORMATION SCIENCE, ENGINEERING, AND

TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT.

(a) Definitions.—In this section:

(1) Appropriate committees of congress.—The term

“appropriate committees of Congress” has the meaning given

such term in section 2 of the National Quantum Initiative Act

(15 U.S.C. 8801).

(2) Quantum information science, engineering, and

technology.—The term “quantum information science,

engineering, and technology” has the meaning given such term

in section 2 of the National Quantum Initiative Act (15

U.S.C. 8801), as amended by section [2] of this Act.

(b) Review and Assessment Required.—Not later than 540

days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the

Director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy

shall, in coordination with the National Quantum Coordination

Office, conduct a review to identify and assess any existing

or potential regulatory barriers that inhibit research,

development, deployment, or scaling of quantum information

science, engineering, and technology.

to subsection (b) shall include the following:

(1) An inventory of existing Federal regulations, policies,

and guidance documents that are applicable to quantum

information science, engineering, and technology.

(2) An analysis of whether regulations, policies, and

guidance inventoried pursuant to paragraph (1) impose undue

burdens on academic, private sector, or government-led

quantum information science, engineering, and technology

research or development.

(3) Recommendations to modernize, streamline, or eliminate

duplicative or outdated regulatory barriers identified

pursuant to subsection (b).

(4) Input from stakeholders across industry, academia, and

the National Laboratories with respect to such regulatory

barriers.

(5) Recommended actions to harmonize regulatory

requirements relating to quantum information science,

engineering, and technology across Federal agencies where

inconsistencies exist.

(d) Report.—Not later than 180 days after the date on

which the Director completes the review and assessment

required by subsection (b), the Director shall submit to the

appropriate congressional committees a report detailing the

findings and recommendations described in subsection (c).

(e) Quinquennial Updates.—Not later than 5 years after the

date on which the Director completes the review and

assessment required by subsection (b), and every 5 years

thereafter, the Director shall update the review and

assessment required by subsection (b) and submit to the

appropriate congressional committees an updated report

detailing the findings and recommendations of the Director.

SEC. 22. SUNSET OF NATIONAL NANOTECHNOLOGY PROGRAM.

(a) Sunset of National Nanotechnology Program.—The

National Nanotechnology Program (in this section referred to

as the “Program”) and the authorities and requirements of

the 21st Century Nanotechnology Research and Development Act

(15 U.S.C. 7501 et seq.) are terminated on the date that is

180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act.

(b) Wind-down.—The Director of the Office of Science and

Technology Policy shall take such actions as may be necessary

to terminate and wind down the Program before the date

specified in subsection (a).

(1) In general.—Not later than 90 days after the date of

the enactment of this Act, the Director of the Office of

Science and Technology Policy shall provide to the Committee

on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate and

the Committee on

Science, Space, and Technology of the House of

Representatives a briefing in which the Director shall

present a plan on how the Director will carry out subsection

(b).

(2) Elements.—The plan presented under paragraph (1)

shall—

(A) ensure minimal disruption to ongoing federally funded

research and development activities;

(B) ensure transfer or reassignment of nanotechnology

research infrastructure programs and facilities to minimize

disruption of researcher access to critical tools that

support other national priorities;

active grants, contracts, and personnel associated with the

National Nanotechnology Coordination Office established under

section 3(a) of the 21st Century Nanotechnology Research and

Development Act (15 U.S.C. 7502(a));

(D) identify any relevant responsibilities that should be

reassigned to existing programs at the Office of Science and

Technology Policy; and

(E) minimize duplication and ensure fiscal efficiency in

the conclusion of the Program.

SEC. 23. CLERICAL AMENDMENTS.

The table of contents in section 1(b) of the National

Quantum Initiative Act is amended as follows:

(1) By inserting after the item relating to section 105 the

following new items:

“Sec. 105A. International Quantum Cooperation Strategy.
“Sec. 106. National quantum prize challenges.”.

(2) By inserting after the item relating to section 201 the

following new items:

“Sec. 202. National Institute of Standards and Technology Quantum

Centers. “Sec. 203. Research security. “Sec. 204. Collaboration For Quantum Application Development

Acceleration.”.

(3) By striking the item relating to section 301 and

inserting the following new item:

“Sec. 301. Quantum information science, engineering, and technology

research and education program.”.

(4) By inserting after the item relating to section 302 the

following new items:

“Sec. 303. Quantum testbeds.
“Sec. 304. Research security.”.

(5) By adding at the end the following new items:

“TITLE V—NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION QUANTUM

ACTIVITIES

“Sec. 501. Definition of Administrator. “Sec. 502. Quantum information science, engineering, and technology

research for space and aeronautics. “Sec. 503. National Aeronautics and Space Administration quantum

initiatives.
“Sec. 504. Research security.
“Sec. 505. Authorization of appropriations.”.

Official source

Download the official section PDF

Readable version of the official text

Linked Context

Official Record

Quick facts

Linked context

Readable version of the official text

Official source