Primary effects fall on the five federal science organizations named in the text: they will receive multi-year specified funding levels that are available until spent, improving funding stability and reducing timing risk for multi-year research projects and grants. Researchers, national laboratories, university grantees, contractors, and other recipients of those agencies’ grant and contract funds will likely benefit from more predictable budgets and from future CPI-based indexing that preserves purchasing power after FY2035. Federal budgetary treatment is changed: exemptions from sequestration reduce the likelihood of automatic across-the-board cuts to these accounts, and exclusion from specified PAYGO scorecards alters how these costs are tracked in deficit accounting. Broader federal budget and fiscal transparency stakeholders (budget offices, Congressional scorekeepers, and watchdogs) are affected because the measure changes ordinary enforcement and scorekeeping rules. States and local governments are not directly mandated to act and receive no new obligations; private sector and academic recipients benefit indirectly through more stable federal funding. Potential tradeoffs include a long-term fiscal commitment that may increase discretionary outlays and reduce the applicability of automatic spending controls for the affected accounts.