Amends Section 412(a) of the Black Lung Benefits Act by striking paragraph (1) and inserting a new paragraph that replaces the single-rate benefit formula with a tiered structure (pre-2026 percentage rate, a fixed 2026 annual amount, and CPI-based increases thereafter). See amendment text for the new schedule and CPI adjustment methodology.

Adds a new paragraph (23) to 6103(l) authorizing the Commissioner of Social Security to disclose, upon written request, return information relating to net earnings from self-employment and wages to officers or employees of the Department of Labor for purposes of administering the Black Lung Benefits Act; includes conforming amendments to 6103(p)(4).

Amends the penalties provision in section 423(d)(1) (codified at 30 U.S.C. 933(d)(1)) — replaces certain numeric language (inserting '5,000'), modifies language to add 'treasurer, and other responsible party', and revises the scope of amounts subject to penalty enforcement. See amendment language.

Amends Section 402 of the Black Lung Benefits Act (30 U.S.C. 902) by adding a new subsection (j) that defines the term 'other responsible party' with two enumerated categories.

Adds new provisions at the end of Part C of the Black Lung Benefits Act, including section 435 (Development of medical evidence by the Secretary) and section 436 (Readjudicating cases involving discredited expert opinions), which establish complete pulmonary evaluation procedures, supplemental medical evidence processes, a qualified physicians list with annual review and conflict-of-interest protections, procedures for readjudication of claims affected by 'covered chest radiographs', and related payment/reimbursement rules.

Adds to Part A of the Black Lung Benefits Act a new section 403 establishing an 'Attorneys’ fees and medical expenses payment program' that (among other things) requires the Secretary to establish the program within 180 days, defines a 'qualifying claim' (final order not entered within 2 years of filing), authorizes use of amounts from the fund to pay approved fees/expenses, and sets per-claim caps on payments.

Rewrites/amends the false-statements and related provisions formerly codified at 30 U.S.C. 941: replaces the existing misdemeanor penalty provision with a broader new section (retitled/renumbered in the amendment as 431) establishing expanded criminal penalties (fine per title 18 and imprisonment up to 5 years), mandatory prompt investigation by the U.S. Attorney, attorney and expert disqualification provisions, discovery sanctions, and rulemaking deadlines for implementing regulations.

Replaces subsection (a) with a new enumerated list of benefit categories and updates pronoun references in subsection (c) to 'the miner’s ...'.

Replaces gendered phrasing in evidentiary and affidavit provisions and removes a final sentence; replaces 'his claim' with 'the claim' in subsection (c).

Updates beneficiary filing timeframe language to use gender-neutral terminology and adjusts pronouns to specific references (e.g., 'surviving spouse', 'the child's', 'the miner’s death').