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The bill increases transparency and levies fees on high‑intensity data centers and cryptomining to fund clean energy R&D and consumer relief — promoting decarbonization and protecting some ratepayers — while imposing new costs, compliance burdens, privacy risks, and potential local pollution or price pressures for affected businesses and communities.
Electricity consumers (households and businesses) and local communities: the bill's focus on data center and cryptomining energy use, plus mandatory annual facility-level reporting, is intended to limit future grid strain and utility cost pressures and to accelerate adoption of more energy-efficient data-center technologies.
Utilities, state and local governments, and the clean-energy industry: dedicates 70% of collected fees to RD&D and deployment of zero-carbon firm generation and long‑duration storage, accelerating build-out of clean capacity that supports reliability and decarbonization.
Low-income households and residential electricity consumers: 25% of collected fees fund programs aimed at lowering household energy costs, providing targeted relief to ratepayers.
Households and businesses: if data centers consume a growing share of U.S. electricity (estimates cited up to ~12%), that could place upward pressure on electricity prices and strain grid reliability, affecting many consumers nationwide.
Owners/operators of covered facilities (and related local economies): starting in 2026, fees tied to emissions intensity could materially raise operating costs for high‑emitting data centers and cryptomining operations.
Electric utilities and ratepayers: utilities serving high‑intensity covered facilities could face sizable fees that may influence utility investment and service plans and could have broader impacts on rate structures or reliability planning.
Introduced April 10, 2025 by Sheldon Whitehouse · Last progress April 10, 2025
Creates an annual federal reporting and fee program that targets data centers and proof-of-work cryptocurrency mining facilities with more than 100 kW of installed IT nameplate power. The EPA (with EIA) must collect facility- and utility-level electricity and emissions data, publish facility-level metrics, set regional emissions-intensity baselines, and beginning Jan 1, 2026 assess fees on electricity consumption above those baselines. Most fees fund grants, loans, and rebates to develop and deploy zero-carbon firm generation and long-duration storage and to lower residential electricity costs.