Sponsors (7)
Requires Interior to produce a global, mine-level report every two years mapping critical minerals, reserves, ownership, and control by foreign entities of concern.
Official title: Require reports on critical mineral and rare earth element resources around the world and a strategy for the development of advanced mining, refining, separation, and processing technologies, and for other purposes.
Introduced February 27, 2025 by John Cornyn · Last progress February 27, 2025
The bill improves U.S. visibility into critical-mineral supply chains and strengthens domestic and allied resilience, but it creates government reporting costs, commercial confidentiality risks, potential diplomatic friction, and relies on data that may be uncertain.
Policymakers (federal and state) will receive detailed, up-to-date global mine-level data on critical minerals and rare earth supplies, improving strategic planning and threat awareness.
U.S. firms, utilities, and government agencies will be better able to identify supply-chain risks from foreign entities of concern, helping them reduce disruptions and improve domestic industry resilience.
Allied partners and U.S. energy and industrial users may benefit from promoted allied cooperation and technology sharing that expands allied mining and processing capacity, lowering reliance on potentially hostile suppliers over time.
Federal agencies and taxpayers will face added administrative and implementation costs to collect, analyze, and (annually or biennially) report extensive global, mine-level data.
Companies and foreign partners may face commercial confidentiality and competitive-risk concerns from required disclosures of mine ownership and beneficial owners.
Publishing lists or labeling entities as 'foreign entities of concern' could strain diplomatic relations and complicate cooperation with some countries and firms.
Based on analysis of 2 sections of legislative text.
Requires the Interior Secretary, working with Energy and other agencies, to create a global, mine-level inventory and analysis of critical minerals and rare earth elements within one year and every two years after. The report must identify which resources and supply chains are controlled by defined “foreign entities of concern,” which are owned or accessible to the U.S. and allies/partners, estimate production and remaining reserves, disclose operators and beneficial owners for major mines, and explain why non-commercial deposits are not being mined. The law adds detailed reporting requirements to the existing mineral security statute, defines key terms (including covered nations, critical minerals, foreign entities of concern, rare earth elements, and United States person), and requires aggregated estimates for smaller operations and lists of key foreign and allied entities related to critical mineral supplies.