Sponsors
The bill aims to make House apportionment more transparent and flexible—potentially improving proportional representation and voter choice—but does so at the cost of higher, open-ended taxpayer spending, administrative complexity, legal and political conflicts, and risks to local and minority representation.
All Americans (states and voters) would get a clearer, more population-proportional apportionment system (fixed 1 Representative per 500,000) plus independent GAO/CBO/CRS analysis to guide decisions, improving predictability and evidence-based planning for representation.
Voters in States that adopt multi-member districts with ranked-choice voting would gain more candidate choice and reduced spoiler effects, and standardized ballot and tabulation rules could yield more proportional outcomes.
State governments would have flexibility to use multi-member district designs that can simplify election administration and enable broader geographic/regional representation.
Taxpayers would face higher and potentially open-ended costs from a larger House (more members, staff, offices) plus uncapped, automatically authorized annual spending tied to implementing the Act.
State governments and voters will experience seat shifts and changes in political power between and within States, creating partisan disputes, transitional uncertainty, and winners/losers in representation.
Multi-member districts and larger districts risk diluting individual votes—particularly for racial and ethnic minorities—making it harder for some communities to elect preferred candidates.
Based on analysis of 6 sections of legislative text.
Sets House size to one Representative per 500,000 people, allows optional multi-member districts and ranked-choice voting, creates a review commission, and authorizes open-ended House funding.
Introduced June 25, 2025 by Sean Casten · Last progress June 25, 2025
Replaces the current fixed-size apportionment system by setting the number of U.S. House Representatives equal to total State population divided by 500,000 (calculated each decennial census), allows States to adopt multi-member congressional districts and to use ranked-choice voting in those districts, creates a temporary commission to review large changes in House size, and authorizes unlimited annual funding for any additional House space, staff, and resources needed because of these changes. Most of the changes apply beginning with the first regular decennial census after the law takes effect; the commission provision applies starting with the second decennial census after enactment.