Allows Indian Tribes and Tribal Organizations to take over operation of the on‑reservation Food Distribution Program by requesting self‑determination contracts or self‑governance agreements with USDA. It requires USDA to negotiate and enter agreements at an Indian entity's request, sets eligibility and commodity purchase limits, and requires an annual report to Congress on activities.

Aligns these USDA agreements with the Indian Self‑Determination and Education Assistance Act (ISDEAA) and Department of the Interior regulations, requiring case‑by‑case negotiated adaptations that must be interpreted in favor of the Indian entity. It also ends certain Agriculture Improvement Act demonstration projects once all tribal contract performance periods under those demos have expired.