Sponsors (35)
Need help making sense of this bill?
This is not an official government website.
Copyright © 2026 PLEJ LC. All rights reserved.
Adds a new section 935 to chapter 44 of title 18 establishing the "Federal Interstate Firearm Parts Reporting System," requiring registration of shipments of covered firearm components, authorizing the Attorney General to maintain a database and prescribe regulations, authorizing seizure and destruction of unregistered components, and defining covered terms.
Adds a new subsection (q) to section 924 imposing criminal penalties for violations of the newly added section 935(e).
Creates a new federal reporting system run by the Attorney General that requires registration and reporting of shipments of certain firearm parts (barrels, slides, and bolt carriers) when they cross state or international lines. The law requires shippers to provide delivery and documentation details, authorizes seizure of unregistered shipments, establishes penalties for violations, and creates a restricted-access database to store reported shipment information. The rule takes effect 120 days after enactment. It places recordkeeping and reporting duties on businesses and carriers that move these parts across borders, and it gives federal authorities enforcement tools to detain unregistered shipments and pursue penalties for noncompliance.
Establishes and requires the Attorney General to create and operate a program called the Federal Interstate Firearm Parts Reporting System to help law enforcement monitor shipment or transportation of covered firearm components in interstate or foreign commerce.
Requires entities to register a shipment or transportation of a covered firearm component with the Attorney General within 5 business days before shipping or transporting it in interstate or foreign commerce, using the form and manner the Attorney General prescribes.
Specifies the information to be submitted with the registration: (A) the entity’s name, physical mailing address, phone or email, and eligible identification number; (B) the intended recipient’s name, physical mailing address, phone or email, and eligible identification number; (C) the shipping or transportation method and name of the shipper/transporter; and (D) a list/manifest of items in the package or a bill of lading prepared for the shipment.
If using the U.S. mail to ship a covered firearm component, the entity must use registered or certified mail, return receipt requested, or an equivalent service the Attorney General determines in consultation with the USPS.
If using delivery means other than the mail, the shipper must use a service that requires the recipient’s signature on delivery and notifies the shipper of that signature.
Who is affected and how:
Federally licensed firearms dealers, manufacturers, and parts distributors: These businesses must register interstate/international shipments of barrels, slides, and bolt carriers, update their shipping processes, maintain documentation, and use the federal reporting system. That creates new administrative and compliance costs, especially for small firms.
Commercial shippers and carriers (including postal and private carriers): Shippers who transport covered parts across state lines or internationally must ensure shipments are registered and properly documented before or during transport; failure could expose shipments to seizure and carriers to enforcement actions.
Online marketplaces and platform sellers: Individuals and businesses shipping covered parts via online sales will face reporting obligations and may need to change listing/shipping practices to ensure compliance.
Federal law enforcement and DOJ (Attorney General): Gains new investigative tools (a restricted-access database and seizure authority) and must administer, secure, and enforce the system. This implies administrative and technical work for setup, access control, and ongoing oversight.
Consumers and end users: Indirectly affected by potential changes in availability, shipping delays, or higher costs if sellers or shippers change practices to avoid compliance burdens.
States and local governments: Not directly mandated, but may see effects (e.g., seizures occurring locally) and potential coordination requests from federal agencies.
Broader impacts and tradeoffs:
Public safety and enforcement: Federal visibility into cross-border parts shipments may help detect and prevent unlawful trafficking of parts used to assemble illegal firearms.
Administrative and economic burdens: New reporting requirements impose costs on businesses and carriers, and may slow interstate commerce in covered parts until systems and practices adapt.
Privacy and civil liberties concerns: Creation of a restricted federal database holding shipment details raises data protection and access-control questions; limited access is required but legal and policy safeguards will influence impacts.
Legal and practical challenges: The program may prompt litigation or policy debates over federal authority, commerce impacts, and Fourth Amendment or other constitutional issues; operational details (exact data fields, penalties, appeals, and funding) will shape implementation complexity.
Referred to the House Committee on the Judiciary.
Introduced May 13, 2025 by Jill Tokuda · Last progress May 13, 2025
Expand sections to see detailed analysis
Referred to the House Committee on the Judiciary.
Introduced in House