Sponsors (5)
Official title: To modify the timing of each decennial census of population, to count only citizens under any such census, to apportion Representatives in Congress among the several States based on such census, and for other purposes.
Introduced July 29, 2025 by Marjorie Taylor Greene · Last progress July 29, 2025
The bill aims to tighten verification of citizenship for apportionment and voting—shifting representation toward citizen-heavy states and providing uniform ID rules—while risking undercounts, reduced representation and funding for immigrant and vulnerable communities, increased administrative costs, and new legal exposure.
Residents of states with higher citizen populations: apportionment by citizen counts could shift House seats and Electoral College votes toward those states, increasing their political representation.
State governments: a clear redistricting schedule tied to the first amended census creates a defined trigger and timeline for completing redistricting for the 120th Congress.
State governments and researchers: adding a citizenship checkbox would provide explicit self-reported citizenship data to inform policymaking and research.
Immigrant communities and urban areas: excluding noncitizens from apportionment would reduce their representation and could shift political influence and resources away from states with large immigrant populations.
Mixed-status and immigrant households, low-income communities, and service-dependent populations: adding a citizenship question and allowing special surveys/sampling risks higher nonresponse and miscounts, producing undercounts that can reduce federal funding and distort apportionment.
Low-income, elderly, rural voters, naturalized citizens, and people with name changes (e.g., women): requiring specific photo ID and citizenship documents at the polls could prevent eligible voters from having their ballots counted or impose burdensome extra verification steps.
Based on analysis of 3 sections of legislative text.
Apportionment is based on counts of U.S. citizens only and federal ballots require government photo ID plus proof of U.S. citizenship.
Changes how population is counted and who may vote in federal elections. It requires the decennial census to collect citizenship checkboxes and permits sampling; it directs apportionment and Electoral College allocations to use counts of U.S. citizens only (excluding noncitizens) and prompts states to redraw congressional districts after that first amended census. It also adds a federal requirement that voters present government photo ID plus documentary proof of U.S. citizenship to cast a ballot in federal elections, allowing only provisional ballots that are later verified under strict rules if ID is not provided.