Who is affected and how:

• People charged with or convicted of terrorism-support offenses, or administratively determined to have provided material support to foreign terrorist organizations, are directly affected: they can be denied passports or have existing passports revoked, limiting their ability to travel internationally.
• U.S. citizens and other passport holders may see increased State Department vetting tied to criminal records and national-security determinations; passport cards are explicitly included, so land/sea border and other passport-card use may be affected.
• Families and dependents can be indirectly affected when a family member's passport privileges are denied or revoked, especially if travel or relocation plans depend on that passport.
• The Department of State will take on new administrative responsibilities for determinations, notices, appeals handling, and reporting to Congress; it will likely coordinate with law enforcement, prosecutors, and national security agencies to identify eligible cases.
• Courts, defense attorneys, and civil liberties groups may see increased litigation and oversight activity focused on appeal rights and the statute's interaction with First Amendment protections and criminal due process.
• Foreign policy and consular operations may be affected where return-travel exceptions and humanitarian travel must be managed, particularly for persons located overseas.

Net effect: strengthens a national-security tool to restrict travel by people connected to terrorism-support activity while creating exceptions and an appeal process; it also raises civil‑liberties questions about administrative passport restrictions and how "material support" is determined and reviewed.