Adds new national-security review authority over certain foreign purchases, investments, or control of U.S. agricultural land and agricultural businesses by expanding the Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States (CFIUS). It creates definitions for covered foreign persons and covered countries, requires faster CFIUS review timelines, allows the President to prohibit or waive covered transactions for national security reasons, adds the Secretary of Agriculture into relevant CFIUS roles, and requires agencies to submit recent spending plans and issue regulations within set deadlines.