Directs U.S. diplomatic, financial, informational, and cultural efforts to protect the rights, language, culture, and traditional livelihoods of ethnic Mongolians living in the People’s Republic of China (often called Southern Mongolians). It requires U.S. officials to press China on autonomy and religious and linguistic rights, to condition U.S. support at international financial institutions on protections for Mongolian-autonomous areas, to create monitoring capacity in the U.S. Embassy in Beijing, to identify and (where authorized) sanction foreign persons responsible for abuses, and to launch a Mongolian-language Voice of America service with modest funding.