Special Relationship Military Improvement Act of 2025

This bill changes U.S. rules on defense exports. It lets the U.S. skip the usual step of making a special agreement before allowing license-free exports of defense items to the United Kingdom, to speed cooperation and reduce paperwork.

It also makes it easier to carry out the U.S.–Australia defense trade treaty by allowing a similar license exemption. But it keeps strict limits on what can be sent: no complete missile or long‑range drone systems, key rocket parts, certain rocket‑related items, some chemical or biological equipment, nuclear‑weapons design and testing items, or any items Australia cannot fully control under its own laws.

• Who is affected: U.S. defense exports involving the United Kingdom and Australia.
• What changes: Less licensing for defense items to the United Kingdom; an exemption to support the U.S.–Australia defense trade treaty, with clear carve‑outs for the most sensitive technologies.