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The bill trades broader, nationwide regulatory simplicity and lower compliance costs for manufacturers and businesses against reduced state authority to set stricter emissions rules, with likely increases in local pollution, health risks, and legal/administrative uncertainty.
Auto and nonroad-engine manufacturers, sellers, and related small businesses face a single nationwide federal emissions standard, reducing the need to design products for multiple state rules and lowering compliance and production costs.
States, businesses, and regulators benefit from regulatory uniformity and predictability across state lines (one federal standard instead of a patchwork of state rules), simplifying interstate commerce and permitting.
Residents in states that previously adopted stricter standards (including children and seniors) are likely to face worse local air quality and increased health risks because states can no longer enforce stronger vehicle or nonroad-engine limits.
States lose the ability to adopt stricter emissions rules, which reduces subnational action to cut greenhouse gases and local pollution and may slow overall progress on emissions reductions.
The bill removes state waiver authority and limits state regulatory flexibility, curtailing states' ability to experiment with or implement more ambitious clean-air policies tailored to local conditions.
Removes federal Clean Air Act provisions that let states obtain waivers to set vehicle emissions standards different from federal standards and forbids states and localities from adopting or enforcing certain emission-control standards for nonroad engines and vehicles (including new construction and farm equipment and locomotives). Any California or other state waivers already issued are void on enactment and any pending waiver applications are denied as of enactment. Also repeals the statutory authorization that allowed states meeting certain criteria to adopt their own motor vehicle emission standards and makes multiple conforming changes throughout the Clean Air Act; the changes take effect on the date of enactment.
Introduced March 18, 2025 by Troy E. Nehls · Last progress March 18, 2025