((a)) For purposes of the applicable limitation in on general and flag officers on active duty, no appointment of an officer on the active duty list may be made—
((1)) in the Army, if that appointment would result in more than—
((A)) 8 officers in the grade of general;
((B)) 46 officers in a grade above the grade of major general; or
((C)) 90 officers in the grade of major general;
((2)) in the Air Force, if that appointment would result in more than—
((A)) 9 officers in the grade of general;
((B)) 44 officers in a grade above the grade of major general; or
((C)) 73 officers in the grade of major general;
((3)) in the Navy, if that appointment would result in more than—
((A)) 6 officers in the grade of admiral;
((B)) 34 officers in a grade above the grade of rear admiral; or
((C)) 49 officers in the grade of rear admiral;
((4)) in the Marine Corps, if that appointment would result in more than—
((A)) 2 officers in the grade of general;
((B)) 18 officers in a grade above the grade of major general; or
((C)) 21. officers in the grade of major general; and
((5)) in the Space Force, if that appointment would result in more than—
((A)) 2 officers in the grade of general;
((B)) 7 officers in a grade above the grade of major general; or
((C)) 6 officers in the grade of major general.
((b)) The limitations of subsection (a) do not include the following:
((1)) An officer released from a joint duty assignment, but only during the 60-day period beginning on the date the officer departs the joint duty assignment, except that the Secretary of Defense may authorize the Secretary of a military department to extend the 60-day period by an additional 120 days, but no more than three officers from each armed forces may be on active duty who are excluded under this paragraph.
((2)) The number of officers required to serve in joint duty assignments as authorized by the Secretary of Defense under section 526(b) for each military service.
((c))
((1)) Subject to paragraph (3), the President—
((A)) may make appointments in the Army, Air Force, Marine Corps, and Space Force in the grades of lieutenant general and general in excess of the applicable numbers determined under this section if each such appointment is made in conjunction with an offsetting reduction under paragraph (2); and
((B)) may make appointments in the Navy in the grades of vice admiral and admiral in excess of the applicable numbers determined under this section if each such appointment is made in conjunction with an offsetting reduction under paragraph (2).
((2)) For each appointment made under the authority of paragraph (1) in the Army, Air Force, Marine Corps, or Space Force in the grade of lieutenant general or general or in the Navy in the grade of vice admiral or admiral, the number of appointments that may be made in the equivalent grade in one of the other armed forces (other than the Coast Guard) shall be reduced by one. When such an appointment is made, the President shall specify the armed force in which the reduction required by this paragraph is to be made.
((3))
((A)) The number of officers that may be serving on active duty in the grades of lieutenant general and vice admiral by reason of appointments made under the authority of paragraph (1) may not exceed 15.
((B)) The number of officers that may be serving on active duty in the grades of general and admiral by reason of appointments made under the authority of paragraph (1) may not exceed 5.
((4)) Upon the termination of the appointment of an officer in the grade of lieutenant general or vice admiral or general or admiral that was made in connection with an increase under paragraph (1) in the number of officers that may be serving on active duty in that armed force in that grade, the reduction made under paragraph (2) in the number of appointments permitted in such grade in another armed force by reason of that increase shall no longer be in effect.
((d)) An officer continuing to hold the grade of general or admiral under after relief from the position of Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, Chief of Staff of the Army, Chief of Naval Operations, Chief of Staff of the Air Force, Commandant of the Marine Corps, or Chief of Space Operations shall not be counted for purposes of this section.
((e)) The following officers shall not be counted for purposes of this section:
((1)) An officer of that armed force in the grade of brigadier general or above or, in the case of the Navy, in the grade of rear admiral (lower half) or above, who is on leave pending the retirement, separation, or release of that officer from active duty, but only during the 60-day period beginning on the date of the commencement of such leave of such officer.
((2)) At the discretion of the Secretary of Defense, an officer of that armed force who has been relieved from a position designated under or by law to carry one of the grades specified in such section, but only during the 60-day period beginning on the date on which the assignment of the officer to the first position is terminated or until the officer is assigned to a second such position, whichever occurs first.
((f)) An officer while serving as Attending Physician to the Congress is in addition to the number that would otherwise be permitted for that officer’s armed force for officers serving on active duty in grades above brigadier general or rear admiral (lower half) under subsection (a).
((g)) A naval officer while serving as the Medical Officer of the Marine Corps is in addition to the number that would otherwise be permitted for the Navy for officers serving on active duty in the grade of rear admiral (lower half) under subsection (a).
((h))
((1)) The limitations of this section do not apply to a reserve component general or flag officer who is on active duty for a period in excess of 365 days, but not to exceed three years, except that the number of officers from each reserve component who are covered by this subsection and are not serving in a position that is a joint duty assignment for purposes of chapter 38 of this title may not exceed 5 per component, unless authorized by the Secretary of Defense.
((2)) Not later than 30 days after authorizing a number of reserve component general or flag officers in excess of the number specified in paragraph (1), the Secretary of Defense shall notify the Committees on Armed Services of the Senate and the House of Representatives of such authorization, and shall include with such notice a statement of the reason for such authorization.