((a)) ** .—** Except as provided in subsection (b), whoever, being an officer, director, or employee of a financial institution, makes or grants any loan or gratuity, to any examiner or assistant examiner who examines or has authority to examine such bank, branch, agency, organization, corporation, association, or institution—

((1)) shall be fined under this title, imprisoned not more than 1 year, or both; and

((2)) may be fined a further sum equal to the money so loaned or gratuity given.

((b)) ** .—** A Federal financial institution regulatory agency may prescribe regulations establishing additional limitations on the application for and receipt of credit under this section and on the application and receipt of residential mortgage loans under this section, after consulting with each other Federal financial institution regulatory agency.

((c)) ** .—** In this section:

((1)) ** .—** The term “examiner” means any person—

((A)) appointed by a Federal financial institution regulatory agency or pursuant to the laws of any State to examine a financial institution; or

((B)) elected under the law of any State to conduct examinations of any financial institutions.

((2)) ** .—** The term “Federal financial institution regulatory agency” means—

((A)) the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency;

((B)) the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System;

((C)) the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation;

((D)) the Federal Housing Finance Agency;

((E)) the Farm Credit Administration;

((F)) the Farm Credit System Insurance Corporation; and

((G)) the Small Business Administration.

((3)) ** .—** The term “financial institution” does not include a credit union, a Federal Reserve Bank, a Federal home loan bank, or a depository institution holding company.

((4)) ** .—** The term “loan” does not include any credit card account established under an open end consumer credit plan or a loan secured by residential real property that is the principal residence of the examiner, if—

((A)) the applicant satisfies any financial requirements for the credit card account or residential real property loan that are generally applicable to all applicants for the same type of credit card account or residential real property loan;

((B)) the terms and conditions applicable with respect to such account or residential real property loan, and any credit extended to the examiner under such account or residential real property loan, are no more favorable generally to the examiner than the terms and conditions that are generally applicable to credit card accounts or residential real property loans offered by the same financial institution to other borrowers cardholders  in comparable circumstances under open end consumer credit plans or for residential real property loans; and

((C)) with respect to residential real property loans, the loan is with respect to the primary residence of the applicant.