((a))

((A)) that has as 1 of its primary purposes the commission of 1 or more of the criminal offenses described in subsection (c);

((B)) the members of which engage, or have engaged within the past 5 years, in a continuing series of offenses described in subsection (c); and

((C)) the activities of which affect interstate or foreign commerce.

((b)) ** .—** The sentence of a person convicted of an offense described in subsection (c) shall be increased by up to 10 years if the offense is committed under the circumstances described in subsection (d).

((c)) ** .—** The offenses described in this section are—

((1)) a Federal felony involving a controlled substance (as defined in section 102 of the Controlled Substances Act ()) for which the maximum penalty is not less than 5 years;

((2)) a Federal felony crime of violence that has as an element the use or attempted use of physical force against the person of another;

((3)) a Federal offense involving human trafficking, sexual abuse, sexual exploitation, or transportation for prostitution or any illegal sexual activity; and

((4)) a conspiracy to commit an offense described in paragraph (1), (2), or (3).

((d)) ** .—** The circumstances described in this section are that the offense described in subsection (c) was committed by a person who—

((1)) participates in a criminal street gang with knowledge that its members engage in or have engaged in a continuing series of offenses described in subsection (c);

((2)) intends to promote or further the felonious activities of the criminal street gang or maintain or increase his or her position in the gang; and

((3)) has been convicted within the past 5 years for—

((A)) an offense described in subsection (c);

((B)) a State offense—

((i)) involving a controlled substance (as defined in section 102 of the Controlled Substances Act ()) for which the maximum penalty is not less than 5 years’ imprisonment; or

((ii)) that is a felony crime of violence that has as an element the use or attempted use of physical force against the person of another;

((C)) any Federal or State felony offense that by its nature involves a substantial risk that physical force against the person of another may be used in the course of committing the offense; or

((D)) a conspiracy to commit an offense described in subparagraph (A), (B), or (C).