((a)) ** Filing of complaint; presumption of validity of challenged election** A member of a labor organization—

((1)) who has exhausted the remedies available under the constitution and bylaws of such organization and of any parent body, or

((2)) who has invoked such available remedies without obtaining a final decision within three calendar months after their invocation,

((b)) ** Investigation of complaint; commencement of civil action by Secretary; jurisdiction; preservation of assets** The Secretary shall investigate such complaint and, if he finds probable cause to believe that a violation of this subchapter has occurred and has not been remedied, he shall, within sixty days after the filing of such complaint, bring a civil action against the labor organization as an entity in the district court of the United States in which such labor organization maintains its principal office to set aside the invalid election, if any, and to direct the conduct of an election or hearing and vote upon the removal of officers under the supervision of the Secretary and in accordance with the provisions of this subchapter and such rules and regulations as the Secretary may prescribe. The court shall have power to take such action as it deems proper to preserve the assets of the labor organization.

((c)) ** Declaration of void election; order for new election; certification of election to court; decree; certification of result of vote for removal of officers** If, upon a preponderance of the evidence after a trial upon the merits, the court finds—

((1)) that an election has not been held within the time prescribed by , or

((2)) that the violation of may have affected the outcome of an election,

((d)) ** Review of orders; stay of order directing election** An order directing an election, dismissing a complaint, or designating elected officers of a labor organization shall be appealable in the same manner as the final judgment in a civil action, but an order directing an election shall not be stayed pending appeal.