((a)) ** General authority** The Secretary of Transportation shall enforce this chapter under section 89  of title 14. The Secretary may authorize other officers or employees of the United States Government to enforce this chapter under that section.1

((b)) ** Periodic examinations** The Secretary shall conduct periodic examinations of vessels operating under this chapter transporting municipal or commercial waste to determine that each of these vessels has a permit issued under .section 2602 of this title

((c)) ** Refusal of clearance** The Secretary of the Treasury may refuse the clearance required by , to any vessel subject to this chapter which does not have a permit required under .section 60105 of title 46section 2602 of this title

((d)) ** Denial of entry and detention** If a vessel does not comply with this chapter, the Secretary of Transportation may—

((1)) deny entry to any place in the United States; and

((2)) detain at the place in the United States from which it is about to depart.

((e)) ** Persistent violators** The Administrator shall conduct an investigation of the owner or operator of a vessel or facility if the owner has 5 or more separate violations during a 6-month period.