Subject to the concurrence of the Secretary of State, the Secretary of Transportation or Commerce, as appropriate, may train a foreign citizen in a subject related to aeronautics and essential to the orderly and safe operation of civil aircraft. The training may be provided—

((1)) directly by the appropriate Secretary or jointly with another department, agency, or instrumentality of the United States Government;

((2)) through a public or private agency of the United States (including a State or municipal educational institution); or

((3)) through an international organization.