Creates a USDA-led, standardized system to directly measure, inventory, and model soil carbon across U.S. cropland, rangeland, pasture, and wetlands, and funds related research, demonstration projects, and technical support. It requires USDA to develop a standardized direct-measurement method within 270 days, set up a national Soil Carbon Inventory and Analysis Network with periodic sampling and public reporting, expand on-farm soil-health and soil-carbon demonstration work, and maintain a greenhouse gas modeling tool that uses direct measurements to estimate carbon, methane, and nitrous oxide impacts of land management practices.

The law authorizes annual funding to implement these programs ($2.0M for the measurement method, $17.5M for the inventory network, and $0.5M for the modeling tool), mandates stakeholder consultation and privacy protections, requires periodic updates as science improves, and includes technical assistance through NRCS and ARS for producers and partners.