The bill aims to push owners to sell excess single-family homes and strengthen IRS enforcement to free up housing supply, but it does so by imposing a new excise tax, removing key tax deductions for targeted owners, and adding compliance and market pressures that can reduce investor returns and affect housing affordability.
Owners of excess single-family homes who sell them will avoid the new excise tax, creating a stronger financial incentive to list surplus homes and potentially increase local housing supply.
Homeowners who are not classified as 'covered taxpayers' will see no change to their existing mortgage interest and depreciation tax benefits, preserving the current tax treatment for most ordinary homeowners.
The bill gives the IRS clearer disallowance rules for covered taxpayers, which could improve enforcement and reduce tax avoidance by better enabling Treasury/IRS administration to target noncompliant behavior.
Owners who keep excess single-family homes (covered taxpayers) will face a new excise tax, increasing their tax burden beginning the first taxable year after enactment.
Owners classified as 'covered taxpayers' will lose key tax benefits — specifically the mortgage interest deduction and depreciation for single-family residences — raising taxable income and reducing after-tax returns for rental or business-use properties.
Renters and owners of rental properties may face higher effective housing costs or reduced rental supply because higher taxes and lost deductions for covered taxpayers can reduce investor returns and discourage rental investment.
Based on analysis of 3 sections of legislative text.
Imposes an excise tax on certain owners who fail to sell excess single-family homes and denies interest and depreciation tax benefits for those covered taxpayers.
Introduced February 27, 2025 by Jeff Merkley · Last progress February 27, 2025
Creates a new tax regime that targets owners of excess single-family homes by imposing an excise tax on certain taxpayers who fail to sell those properties and by denying two tax benefits for those same owners. Specifically, it disallows (1) a deduction for interest on acquisition indebtedness and (2) depreciation deductions for single-family residences owned by a "covered taxpayer." The changes apply to taxable years beginning after enactment and rely on existing definitions for "single-family residence," ownership rules, and acquisition indebtedness in the Internal Revenue Code.