Inserts additional material into subsection (a) of 30 U.S.C. 901(a) (section 401(a) of the Black Lung Benefits Act is amended by inserting text).

Revises definitions in 30 U.S.C. 902: replaces gendered terms (e.g., 'wife', 'widow') with gender-neutral terms ('spouse', 'surviving spouse'), incorporates cross‑references to provisions of the Social Security Act, and adjusts related definitional language (including divorced spouse language and dependency criteria).

Replaces subsection (a) with a reorganized list of benefit payment categories (enumerating five specific payment situations, including distinctions for claims filed under part C with specified date cutoffs) and updates gendered phrasing elsewhere in subsection (c).

Amends subsection (a) to restate and subdivide survivor payment situations (including specific clauses for claims with the January 1, 2005 and January 1, 1982 cutoffs), substitutes gender-neutral terms (e.g., 'surviving spouse', 'the child'), replaces references to the Internal Revenue Code of 1954 with the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, and modernizes certain pronoun references (e.g., 'prescribed by the Secretary').

Makes textual substitutions in 30 U.S.C. 923 (e.g., replacing possessive/gendered references 'his wife’s affidavits' with 'affidavits of the miner’s spouse', replacing 'widow' with 'surviving spouse', and other wording adjustments), and removes the last sentence of subsection (b).

Edits filing-time language to replace 'widow' with 'surviving spouse' and to change related possessive references (e.g., 'his' to 'the child’s' where applicable).

In subsection (a) of 30 U.S.C. 925, replaces certain masculine pronouns with 'the Secretary' in paragraph (2) and elsewhere where indicated (textual modernization of pronoun references).

Replaces certain plural/gendered terms (e.g., 'widows' to 'spouses') and modernizes pronoun references to 'the Secretary' and similar updated phrasing in specified subsections.

Internal Revenue Code section 6103 is amended by adding a new paragraph (23) to permit the Commissioner of Social Security, on written request, to disclose return information (net earnings from self-employment and wages for each employer) to officers or employees of the Department of Labor for purposes of administering the Black Lung Benefits Act, with limits on disclosure. Conforming amendments to 6103(p)(4) are also made to reference the new paragraph (23).

Section 427(a) of the Black Lung Benefits Act (30 U.S.C. 937(a)) is amended by striking language specifying certain activities (e.g., 'the analysis, examination, and treatment' and all that follows) and inserting the phrase 'coal miners.' (modifies the scope of contracts/grants authority language).