Revises subsection (a) of 30 U.S.C. 1259 to modify bond calculation factors (including presumption of mine closure after 5 years), add explicit considerations for setting bond amounts, increase the statutory minimum bond for entire area under one permit to $52,593 and require annual CPI-based adjustment; revises subsection (e) to specify additional triggers for bond adjustments including long-term water pollution discharge, coal market conditions, unanticipated mine closures, and changes in the reclamation plan, and to require adjustment whenever a permit is renewed or transferred.

Redesignates existing subsection (c) as subsection (d) and inserts a new subsection (c) requiring recalculation of the bond under section 509 prior to approval of transfers, assignments, sales, or permit revisions; requires posting of recalculated bond by transferee/assignee/purchaser or permittee; prevents release from liability for permittee and each covered person and makes them jointly and severally liable for all reclamation costs including treatment of postmining water pollution; defines 'covered person' by ownership/control thresholds.

Amends subsection (e) by adding an obligation that each inspector, upon completion of an inspection, must promptly inform the regulatory authority of any changes in conditions that may result in an unanticipated increase in reclamation costs or necessitate a change to the bond amount established for the permit.