Sponsors
The bill increases transparency for very large executive and judicial actions by forcing CBO reporting, but at the cost of potential baseline distortions from counting proposed actions as final, new agency reporting burdens, and continued blind spots for smaller cumulative fiscal effects.
Taxpayers, lawmakers, and budget overseers get clearer federal budget baselines and consolidated reporting because the CBO must reflect major judicial/executive actions and publish a separate table for actions with estimated effects ≥ $50 billion, improving transparency for fiscal planning and congressional oversight.
Taxpayers and appropriators may face skewed budget baselines because proposed executive actions are treated as final for inclusion, causing CBO to count effects that may never occur and potentially distorting appropriation and planning decisions.
Federal agencies and their employees will bear a new administrative burden and increased compliance costs from having to assemble and deliver detailed implementation documents within 10 days, diverting staff time from other work.
Taxpayers and fiscal planners may still lack visibility into many meaningful fiscal impacts because the $50 billion reporting threshold focuses on very large actions and can omit numerous smaller but cumulatively important effects.
Based on analysis of 2 sections of legislative text.
Requires CBO to include and report large budget effects of judicial and executive actions and requires agencies to provide implementation documentation within 10 days.
Introduced December 10, 2025 by Ron Estes · Last progress December 10, 2025
Requires the Congressional Budget Office (CBO) to count the budget effects of judicial and executive actions (rules, executive orders, memoranda, and similar) in its baseline estimates and regular updates, and to publish a separate table for actions that CBO estimates will change the budget by at least $50 billion over the current year plus the budget year and nine following years. It also requires federal agencies that issue or implement such actions to give the CBO Director, within 10 days after the action takes effect, written implementation documents, internal and external guidance, and any other information the Director requests to help with scoring. These changes expand what gets included in CBO baselines, create new, time-sensitive reporting duties for agencies, and require CBO to treat proposed executive actions as if final (for inclusion decisions) consistent with existing scorekeeping guidelines when estimating very large budget effects.