Sponsors (11)
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Imposes broad new rules for gun sellers, online marketplaces, and licensed firearms businesses to tighten background checks, reporting, recordkeeping, and physical security. It requires dealers and facilitators to follow new licensing, inspection, and training rules, creates civil and criminal penalties for violations, expands electronic recordkeeping and surveillance requirements, and directs the Attorney General and ATF to hire investigators, issue regulations, and report to Congress on implementation. Raises inspection frequency and enforcement powers, adds mandatory signage and safety materials for buyers, requires written security plans and quarterly physical inventories, and establishes fines/suspensions/revocations for noncompliant dealers. Also adds new definitions (e.g., “facilitator,” “business inventory firearm”), narrows some legal protections for dealers, and increases data retention and reporting obligations to improve tracing and oversight.
Amend Section 922(z) of title 18, United States Code, by inserting language after a semicolon (the exact text inserted is not shown in this section).
Amend Section 922(z) of title 18 by striking each place a (unspecified) term appears and inserting the word "firearm" in its place (the section does not show the original term).
Add a new paragraph (4) titled "Warnings to purchasers" to Section 922(z), creating new requirements about warnings and materials to be provided to firearm purchasers.
Licensed dealers operating a physical retail location must conspicuously post within their licensed premises all warnings that State and local law require be provided to firearms purchasers.
The Attorney General must develop materials on: suicide prevention; securing firearms from loss, theft, or access by a minor or prohibited person; and straw purchasing.
This bill primarily targets the commercial side of the firearms market. Licensed dealers bear the greatest burden: more inspections, detailed inventory and electronic recordkeeping, security upgrades, employee background checks, and stricter licensing rules increase compliance costs and enforcement risk. Online marketplaces designated as "facilitators" must obtain licenses, keep records, and prompt lawful transfers through FFLs, which will change platform policies and could reduce informal peer‑to‑peer listings. Buyers and private sellers may face longer processes and more reporting; routine lawful commerce could become administratively heavier. ATF and the Department of Justice gain broader powers and funding/positions but must build new electronic tracing systems and manage increased enforcement and reporting. Privacy and civil‑liberties groups will likely scrutinize searchable databases, video requirements, and extended retention periods; the law requires safeguards but leaves implementation details to rulemaking. Small dealers and niche businesses may face closure or consolidation due to increased costs and enforcement exposure, while tracing and law‑enforcement capabilities for diversion, theft, and straw purchases are expected to improve.
Read twice and referred to the Committee on the Judiciary. (text: CR S2175-2181)
Introduced April 3, 2025 by Richard Joseph Durbin · Last progress April 3, 2025
Amends 18 U.S.C. 922(z) by inserting text, replacing certain terms with 'firearm', and adding a new paragraph (4) requiring licensed dealers to post warnings required by applicable State and local law, directing the Attorney General to develop and provide materials on suicide prevention, securing firearms, and straw purchasing, and requiring licensed dealers to disseminate those materials upon transfer to unlicensed persons.
Amends 18 U.S.C. 922(b)(3) by striking specified text.
Strikes subsection (s) of section 922.
Replaces the reference 'subsection (s) or (t) of section 922' with 'section 922(t)'.
In the matter preceding paragraph (1), replaces 'subsection (s) or (t) of section 922' with 'section 922(t)'.
Amends 18 U.S.C. 922(t)(5) by inserting additional text before the final period of the subsection.
Modifies subsection (c) by striking the second sentence and inserting new text (text not reproduced here), striking the third sentence, and adding a new sentence that any firearm disposed of by a licensee shall be from the licensee's business inventory.
Adds a new paragraph (8) to subsection (g) requiring quarterly physical inventory checks by licensees, reporting of lost/stolen/unaccounted firearms to the Attorney General and appropriate local authorities, a regulation requirement for the Attorney General to prescribe minimum recordkeeping elements for each firearm, and authority for the Attorney General to require submission of inventory records.
In the first sentence, replaces the phrase 'pistols, or revolvers, or any combination of pistols and revolvers' with an expanded list that includes 'pistols, revolvers, semiautomatic rifles or shotguns, or rifles or shotguns capable of accepting a high capacity magazine, or any combination of such weapons.'
Replaces instruction to 'destroy' specified instant criminal background check records with a requirement to 'retain for not less than 90 business days.'
And 29 more affected sections...
Read twice and referred to the Committee on the Judiciary. (text: CR S2175-2181)
Introduced in Senate
Expand sections to see detailed analysis