Creates many new federal district court judgeships, phased in over several years to reduce backlogs. It updates the judgeship table in law, sets specific January 21 start dates for each cohort, and authorizes annual funding with an inflation adjustment. It also adds a temporary judgeship for the Eastern District of Oklahoma with a rule on how future vacancies are handled.

It requires the courts to publish, every two years, the Judicial Conference’s judgeship recommendations report with supporting data, and directs the Government Accountability Office to report within two years on how courts measure workload, how judges’ non‑case duties affect caseloads, senior judge policies, and federal agencies’ detention space needs and challenges. It also makes changes to how some Texas federal courts are organized and amends another district court statute, though the exact wording was not provided in the summary.