Creates an HHS-maintained Essential Medicines List of active ingredients and finished drugs important for public health, emergency response, and military readiness, and requires regular updates and public posting. Orders full supply-chain risk assessments and interagency mapping for those medicines, mandates repeated reports to Congress and intelligence officials, and requires the Department of Defense to disclose recent purchases linked to manufacturing or sourcing in the People’s Republic of China. Includes protections for trade secrets while permitting responsible federal information sharing and requires cybersecurity protections for shared data.