Amends subsection (a)(1) to update the referenced NASA program management directive document.

Modifies the independent cost estimate requirement in subsection (b), adjusting timing and terminology for when an independent cost analysis/estimate is required and inserting additional text after the first sentence of subsection (b).

Amends subsection (f) to revise existing cooperation language and add a new paragraph authorizing transfer of funds from other Federal departments and agencies to NASA for scientific or engineering research or education, subject to approval of the head of the originating department/agency and with limits on the use of transferred funds.

Removes subsections (d) and (e) of 51 U.S.C. 40303 (text of those subsections not reproduced in this section).

Replaces subsection (c) with new solicitation/proposal/award procedures (including that awards shall be made to lead institutions of eligible space grant consortia for each of the 50 States, the District of Columbia, and the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico) and inserts a new subsection (e) establishing allocation rules for program funds (minimum 85% allocated among eligible consortia with equal shares; Guam and U.S. Virgin Islands each receive one-fifth of a consortium share; up to 10% for administration; up to 5% for special opportunities).

Amends section 702 of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Authorization Act of 2010 (42 U.S.C. 18371) to add a new considerations subsection directing the Director of OSTP to consider commercial Earth observation data when updating the civil Earth observation strategic implementation plan.

Amends subsection (b) of section 808 of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Authorization Act of 2010 (42 U.S.C. 18387) by striking the phrase 'implement, before September 30, 2012,' and inserting language that requires the Director of OSTP, in coordination with the NASA Administrator, to 'maintain and regularly update' the relevant policy.

Adds a new section (60307) to Title 51 establishing a 'Commercial satellite data acquisition program' within the Earth Science Division of the Science Mission Directorate to acquire and disseminate commercial Earth remote sensing data and imagery, protect publication and transparency rights, authorize procurements and end-use license modifications, prioritize U.S. vendors where practicable, and require an initial report within 180 days and annual reports thereafter to specified congressional committees.

Amends section 71103 of title 51 to revise the section heading and to remove or update certain dated implementation language (e.g., striking a prior 'Within 2 years after October 15, 2008' deadline and inserting ongoing phrasing such as 'The' and 'Policy shall').

Adds a new section 71105 to chapter 711 of title 51 establishing a 'Planetary Defense Coordination Office' within the Planetary Science Division of the Science Mission Directorate and assigning responsibilities including surveying threats posed by near-Earth objects ≥140 meters, identifying/tracking/characterizing hazardous NEOs, issuing warnings, investigating mitigation strategies and coordinating government planning for potential impacts.