H.R. 645
119th CONGRESS 1st Session
To enforce the rights protected by the Second and Fourteenth Amendments against the States.
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES · January 23, 2025 · Sponsor: Mr. Massie · Committee: Committee on the Judiciary
Table of contents
SEC. 1. Short title
This Act may be cited as the "National Constitutional Carry Act".
SEC. 2. Findings
Congress finds the following: (1) Recognizing the preexisting right to self-defense, the Second Amendment to the Constitution of the United States guarantees individually to American citizens the right , including the right to bear arms in public. "to keep and bear arms"
(2) The Second Amendment decrees that these rights to keep and bear arms , and was enumerated in order to preserve . "shall not be infringed" "the security of a free State"
(3) In District of Columbia v. Heller (554 U.S. 570, 595 (2008)), the Supreme Court confirmed that . "[t]here seems to us no doubt, on the basis of both text and history, that the Second Amendment conferred an individual right to keep and bear arms"
(4) In McDonald v. City of Chicago (561 U.S. 742, 791 (2010)), the Supreme Court ruled that the Fourteenth Amendment makes the Second Amendment fully applicable to the States. Four Justices concluded that the rights protected by the Second Amendment are fundamental to the Nation’s scheme of ordered liberty and deeply rooted in this Nation’s , and therefore incorporated to the States through the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. Justice Thomas agreed that the rights protected by the Second Amendment are both and and, as such, are enforceable against the States under the Fourteenth Amendment’s Privileges and Immunities Clause. "history and tradition" "fundamental" "deeply rooted"
(5) Recently, the Supreme Court acknowledged in New York State Rifle & Pistol Ass’n v. Bruen (142 S. Ct. 2111, 2156 (2022)), that the Second and Fourteenth Amendments protect the individual right to carry arms outside the home for self-defense. Further, the Court reiterated that the Second Amendment’s otherwise only accommodates laws that are (Id. at 2126). "unqualified command" "consistent with this Nation’s historical tradition of firearm regulation"
(6) Certain States and localities have enacted gun control laws that are not consistent with the text of the Second Amendment or this Nation’s historical tradition of firearm regulation. The criminalization of peaceable, public firearms carry is repugnant to the original meaning of the Second Amendment.
(7) Any State or local restriction on the right of American citizens to keep and bear arms impairs the ability of the Second Amendment to achieve its textually specified purpose, . "the security of a free State"
SEC. 3. The right to keep and bear arms
(a) In general
Section 927 of title 18, United States Code, is amended to read as follows:
SEC. 927. The right to keep and bear arms (a) No State or political subdivision of a State may impose a criminal or civil penalty on, or otherwise indirectly limit the carrying of firearms (including by imposing a financial or other barrier to entry) in public by residents or nonresidents of that State who are citizens of the United States and otherwise eligible to possess firearms under State and Federal law. (b) Any statute, ordinance, regulation, custom, or usage of a State or a political subdivision of a State that criminalizes, penalizes, or otherwise indirectly dissuades the carrying of firearms (including by imposing a financial or other barrier to entry) in public by any resident or nonresident who is a United States citizen and otherwise eligible to possess firearms under State and Federal law, shall have no force or effect. (c) The term as used in this section includes the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, and the possessions of the United States (not including the Canal Zone). State (d) The term as used in this section— public (1) includes any place held open to the public, regardless of ownership, but in the case of a privately-owned location held open to the public, does not include a place where the owner communicates clearly and conspicuously a prohibition of firearms on the premises; and
(2) does not include a place where screening for firearms is conducted under State law..
(b) Clerical amendment
The table of sections for such chapter is amended by striking the item relating to section 927 and inserting the following:
.