Directs EPA to finish a review and implement changes to the rules for approving State Clean Water Act section 404 (dredge-and-fill) permit programs within 180 days to identify ways to streamline approvals, reduce paperwork, and encourage more States to operate these programs. It also amends the statute governing judicial review of EPA approvals so challenges must be filed quickly (within 60 days), challengers generally must have submitted a timely, detailed public comment on the same issue, courts are limited largely to remanding approvals (vacatur is restricted), and courts must set an expedited schedule (generally no more than 180 days) for EPA to correct problems after remand.