Creates a new Medicare payment model that pays a single, per-episode case rate for radiation oncology treatments instead of relying solely on current fee-for-service rates. The program includes quality incentives, reporting requirements, an extra payment factor for patients with transportation insecurity to support equity, temporary protection against cuts to existing radiation therapy rates until regulations take effect, and changes to fraud/abuse rules to allow certain transportation services. It also excludes spending reductions from this program when doing statutory budget-neutrality adjustments for certain physician payment updates.