Primary federal impact: The Department of Energy will gain an explicit statutory mission and new responsibilities to evaluate and strengthen supply chains for critical energy resources. DOE offices will need to allocate staff time and expertise to assessments, interagency coordination, industry engagement, and reporting.

Industry impact: Companies that produce, process, fabricate, or recycle energy‑related materials (mining firms, refiners, manufacturers, recyclers) will be more directly engaged with federal assessments and diversification efforts. Firms may face new data requests, partnership opportunities, pilot projects, or incentives if DOE pursues domestic expansion or supply diversification strategies.

Energy system operators: Owners and operators of electric generating units, utilities, and other infrastructure owners may be affected by DOE guidance or recommended actions to reduce vulnerability to resource disruptions; they could face operational planning changes or be encouraged to adopt alternative technologies or feedstocks.

State and local governments: May be partners for permitting, siting, workforce development, and infrastructure expansion needed to grow domestic supply chains. They could also be affected by any federal‑led efforts to expand mining, processing, or recycling capacity.

Consumers and broader economy: Intended long‑term effects include improved reliability and resilience of energy supplies, which could reduce risk of shortages or price spikes tied to supply disruptions. Near term, effects depend on DOE actions and whether additional funding or regulatory changes follow.

National security: The requirement to assess hostile‑nation actions and import reliance links this work to national and economic security planning, potentially influencing defense and foreign‑policy coordination.