The U.S.-European Nuclear Energy Cooperation Act of 2025

This bill tells the U.S. State Department, working with the Energy Department, to create a plan to help Europe use more U.S. and allied nuclear technology and fuel, and to cut Russia’s control and influence over Europe’s nuclear energy. The plan must look at reactor types and fuel options in Europe, how to replace Russian services safely, and how to keep strong safety and nonproliferation standards. The strategy is due 120 days after the law takes effect.

It is based on findings that Russia’s invasion of Ukraine and attacks on energy sites have threatened energy security. Many European reactors use Russian designs and fuel, and Russia holds a big share of uranium conversion and enrichment, which increases its leverage. The bill pushes the U.S. and allies to work together—prioritizing U.S. products first, then allied options—and to support safe, responsible nuclear growth, including small modular reactors.

• Who is affected: U.S. State and Energy Departments, European countries with nuclear power, and U.S. and allied nuclear companies.
• What changes: A detailed strategy covering reactor types, fuel cycles, country-by-country cooperation, countering Russian and Chinese influence (including Rosatom), and balancing teamwork with fair competition; also efforts to counter disinformation.
• Funding: $30 million each year from 2025 to 2029 to support work in Europe, including building capacity, early project help, and countering Russian disinformation.
• When: Strategy due within 120 days of enactment.