Summary

Requires licensed firearms importers, manufacturers, or dealers to take possession of ammunition when two unlicensed persons seek to transfer it between themselves, and to treat that handling as a regulated transfer subject to chapter requirements; sets out exemptions, notice and signed certification requirements, and a 180-day implementation delay. Also clarifies that the law does not create a national firearms/ammunition registry and does not preempt States from enacting their own laws on the same topic.

• Private, unlicensed persons generally may not transfer ammunition to other unlicensed persons unless a licensed importer/manufacturer/dealer first takes possession.
• The licensed entity taking possession must comply with federal transfer rules as if selling from its inventory and must obtain a signed Attorney General–prescribed certification.
• The law provides explicit exemptions for actions by law enforcement, armed private security, Armed Forces in official capacities, certain familial transfers, and specific estate/trust transfers.
• If a proposed transfer is not completed, the licensee's return of ammunition to the original transferor is not treated as a regulated "transfer."
• The Act expressly forbids creation of a national firearms or ammunition registry and preserves State authority to pass related laws.
• All new requirements take effect 180 days after enactment.
• The law amends 18 U.S.C. § 922 by adding new transfer controls and adjusting cross‑references and definitions as needed.
• Licensed importers/manufacturers/dealers will face new compliance, notice, and recordkeeping obligations for certain private transfers.
• The measure is intended to prevent prohibited persons from obtaining ammunition through private sales, while carving out multiple limited exceptions.