Resident Physician Shortage Reduction Act of 2025

Adds a temporary pool of new Medicare-supported residency positions for hospitals and creates an annual application process to award those positions for fiscal years 2027–2033. The bill directs the Medicare program to notify applicants each year, caps how many slots a single hospital may receive, and adjusts indirect medical education (IME) calculations to reflect the new slots beginning July 1, 2027. It also directs the Comptroller General to study how to increase diversity in the health professions, with a focus on recruiting people from rural, lower-income, and underrepresented minority communities, and to report findings and recommendations to Congress within two years.